低温胁迫和赤霉素对花生种子萌发和幼苗生理响应的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84043

Abstract

Abstract:

From 30 peanut cultivars, we screened four cultivars with strong low-temperature-resistance (Fuhua 17, Fuhua 12, Jihua 16, Jihua 18) and four cultivars with weak low-temperature-resistance (Luhua 11, Baisha 1016, Zhengnongheihuasheng 1, Baiyu), and measured related indicators of seed germination and physiological indexes of seedlings under low temperature (4oC) and GA₃ treatments. There was no significant difference in rate of emergence and germination index of strong low-temperature- resistant cultivars with or without 4oC treatments, but decrease in hypocotyl length and seed vigor under low temperature. The relative membrane permeability and MDA content of four cultivars with weak low-temperature-resistance had higher ascensional range. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and free proline of cultivars with strong low-temperature resistance had smaller reduction. GA₃ facilitated the rate of emergence and seed vigor of all peanut seeds, as well as promoted the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and free proline of seedlings, but suppressed the uptrend of relative membrane permeability and MDA content of peanut seedlings under low temperature. The best concentration of GA₃ promoting seed germination and seedling growth of peanut with low temperature treatment is 300 μmol L ^-1. The rate of emergence had significantly negative correlation with relative membrane permeability and MDA, and obviously positive correlation with the contents of soluble sugar or free proline. The temperature had greater influence on germination rate, but the effect of gibberellin on difference of germination rate between different varieties was smaller. This study provided a theoretical basis for germplasm resources innovation and breeding new peanut cultivars with strong low-temperature resistance, as well as for studying the physiological mechanism of gibberellin on chilling tolerance of different peanut varieties.

Key words: peanut, late spring chilling, low-temperature stress, gibberellin, seed germination, seedling physiological responses

Bo-Wen CHANG,Peng ZHONG,Jie LIU,Zhong-Hua TANG,Ya-Bing GAO,Hong-Jiu YU,Wei GUO. Effect of low-temperature stress and gibberellin on seed germination and seedling physiological responses in peanut[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(1): 118-130.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Effects of low-temperature and GA3 on the rate of emergence, germination index, hypocotyl length and seed vigor of different peanut cultivars"

花生品种 Peanut cultivar	对照组 Control group	处理组 Treatment group
花生品种 Peanut cultivar	对照组 Control group	4℃	4℃+100 μmol L^-1GA₃	4℃+200 μmol L^-1GA₃	4℃+300 μmolL^-1GA₃
发芽率Seed germination rate (%)
阜花17 Fuhua 17	98.00±1.27 ab	87.33±1.73 b	89.33±1.04 b	91.67±0.99 b	95.33±1.46 b
阜花12 Fuhua 12	97.33±1.44 ab	85.33±1.02 b	89.33±2.13 b	92.33±0.57 b	94.00±0.98 b
冀花16 Jihua 16	98.67±0.67 ab	85.00±1.67 b	90.33±2.06 b	92.33±1.33 b	94.00±1.04 b
冀花18 Jihua 18	99.00±1.09 b	84.67±2.56 b	90.00±2.01 b	93.67±1.77 b	95.00±2.76 b
白沙1016 Baisha 1016	99.00±0.78 b	48.33±4.37 a	51.67±3.22 a	57.00±4.06 a	60.67±1.34 a
鲁花11 Luhua 11	96.33±1.78 a	50.67±5.34 a	54.00±2.35 a	60.67±3.33 a	65.33±3.32 a
正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1	99.00±0.33 b	48.67±4.43 a	54.00±4.78 a	56.00±5.49 a	60.67±3.97 a
白玉Baiyu	98.67±1.08 ab	45.67±4.56 a	50.00±1.98 a	54.33±3.46 a	61.67±3.22 a
芽长Hypocotyl length (cm)
阜花17 Fuhua 17	5.36±0.46 a	4.08±0.55 d	4.23±0.33 c	4.48±0.18 d	4.94±0.25 c
阜花12 Fuhua 12	4.98±0.45 a	3.55±0.34 cd	3.76±0.26 c	4.01±0.18 c	4.66±0.21 c
冀花16 Jihua 16	5.23±0.22 a	3.46±0.11 cd	3.99±0.32 c	4.31±0.15 cd	4.79±0.54 c
冀花18 Jihua 18	5.06±0.33 a	3.33±0.21 c	3.79±0.14 c	4.29±0.21 cd	4.48±0.28 c
白沙1016 Baisha 1016	5.16±0.42 a	1.88±0.09 a	2.06±0.10 a	2.14±0.13 a	2.36±0.18 a
鲁花11 Luhua 11	4.92±0.46 a	2.19±0.08 b	2.36±0.09 b	2.65±0.12 b	2.95±0.15 b
正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1	4.86±0.50 a	2.21±0.09 b	2.37±0.21 b	2.56±0.13 b	2.83±0.14 b
白玉 Baiyu	5.26±0.45 a	2.06±0.12 ab	2.24±0.21 ab	2.41±0.19 ab	2.61±0.25 ab
发芽指数 Germination index
阜花17 Fuhua 17	21.34±2.14 a	16.24±1.24 b	17.89±2.45 b	18.56±1.11 b	20.55±2.01 b
阜花12 Fuhua 12	20.16±1.99 a	15.06±1.45 b	16.63±1.84 b	17.94±1.86 b	19.34±1.08 b
冀花16 Jihua 16	21.33±2.01 a	16.12±1.33 b	17.64±1.04 b	18.48±1.75 b	20.26±1.88 b
冀花18 Jihua 18	22.21±1.99 a	14.90±1.23 b	15.78±1.64 b	17.30±1.13 b	19.10±1.86 b
白沙1016 Baisha 1016	20.55±2.01 a	9.00±1.08 a	10.35±1.44 a	11.56±1.07 a	12.62±2.33 a
鲁花11 Luhua 11	19.17±2.88 a	10.72±1.64 a	11.69±1.37 a	13.16±1.05 a	14.97±1.75 a
正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1	20.22±2.54 a	9.90±1.85 a	11.00±1.32 a	12.02±1.56 a	13.34±1.33 a
白玉 Baiyu	19.31±2.04 a	9.38±1.15 a	10.94±1.46 a	12.26±1.35 a	13.15±1.78 a
种子活力指数 Seed vigor
阜花17 Fuhua 17	114.38±10.11 b	66.28±6.91 c	75.67±5.90 d	83.17±7.45 c	101.52±8.99 c
阜花12 Fuhua 12	100.38±8.45 ab	53.46±6.23 bc	62.53±5.34 c	71.94±7.89 c	90.12±10.11 c
冀花16 Jihua 16	111.58±10.58 ab	55.78±6.03 bc	70.38±5.84 cd	79.65±7.77 c	97.05±8.09 c
冀花18 Jihua 18	112.39±8.23 b	49.61±5.89 b	59.81±7.82 c	74.21±8.19 c	85.56±8.74 c
白沙1016 Baisha 1016	106.04±11.56 ab	16.92±3.65 a	21.33±2.98 a	24.74±3.02 a	29.78±2.00 a
鲁花11 Luhua11	93.15±10.67 a	23.68±3.98 a	27.70±2.76 b	33.69±3.14 b	42.35±4.23 b
正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1	99.46±11.49 ab	21.67±2.89 a	25.97±3.01 ab	31.85±2.76 b	39.35±3.45 b
白玉 Baiyu	101.59±10.97 ab	19.32±2.05 a	24.50±2.86 ab	29.55±3.56 ab	34.33±3.89 ab

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of low-temperature and GA3 on the relative membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline contents of peanut seedlings of different cultivars"

生理指标 Physical indexes	花生品种 Peanut cultivar		对照组 Control group		处理组Treatment group
生理指标 Physical indexes	花生品种 Peanut cultivar		对照组 Control group		4℃		4℃+100 μmol L^-1GA₃		4℃+200 μmol L^-1GA₃	4℃+300 μmol L^-1GA₃
相对膜透性 Relative membrane permeability (%)	阜花17 Fuhua 17		17.10±1.89 ab		24.63±2.08 a		21.63±1.65 a		20.33±1.32 a	18.71±1.16 a
	阜花12 Fuhua 12		18.50±1.92 b		26.98±1.36 a		24.56±1.01 b		22.68±1.06 ab	20.22±1.45 ab
	冀花16 Jihua16		15.92±1.65 a		26.88±2.02 a		25.69±1.54 b		23.79±0.98 b	21.25±0.99 b
	冀花18 Jihua 18		15.32±1.54 a		25.54±1.85 a		24.46±1.99 ab		23.03±1.33 b	21.46±1.25 b
	白沙1016 Baisha 1016		16.43±1.98 ab		31.23±1.89 b		30.36±1.45 c		28.46±1.85 c	26.18±1.28 c
	鲁花11 Luhua 11		17.45±2.01 ab		31.23±1.97 b		30.56±1.67 c		28.12±1.11 c	26.54±1.98 c
	正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1		17.95±1.85 ab		30.91±1.16 b		28.63±1.22 c		27.56±1.00 c	25.87±1.18 c
	白玉Baiyu		15.99±1.89 a		30.88±1.96 b		29.36±1.02 c		27.98±1.45 c	26.87±1.08 c
丙二醛含量 MDA content (μmol g^-1 FW^-1)	阜花17 Fuhua 17		7.13±0.95 a		9.56±1.04 a		8.66±0.83 a		7.84±0.66 a	7.16±0.58 a
	阜花12 Fuhua 12		7.56±0.96 a		9.84±0.68 a		8.92±0.51 a		8.06±0.53 a	7.98±0.73 a
	冀花16 Jihua 16		6.35±0.83 a		10.19±1.01 a		9.13±0.77 a		8.46±0.49 a	7.39±0.50 a
	冀花18 Jihua 18		6.84±0.77 a		10.23±0.93 a		9.04±1.00 a		8.16±0.67 a	7.28±0.63 a
	白沙1016 Baisha 1016		6.45±0.99 a		19.03±0.95 b		17.85±0.73 b		16.32±0.93 c	14.88±1.06 c
	鲁花11 Luhua 11		7.26±1.01 a		18.32±0.99 b		16.98±0.84 b		15.36±0.56 bc	13.86±0.99 bc
	正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1		7.06±0.93 a		19.26±0.58 b		16.54±1.05 b		14.46±0.50 b	11.65±1.46 b
	白玉 Baiyu		6.98±0.95 a		19.69±0.98 b		17.05±1.51 b		15.24±0.73 bc	12.74±1.22 bc
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar content (mg g^-1 FW^-1)	阜花17 Fuhua 17		7.46±1.95 b		18.75±1.49 b		21.36±0.83 b		24.68±1.66 bc	29.00±1.28 b
	阜花12 Fuhua 12		7.96±1.36 b		18.32±1.38 b		20.69±0.51 b		24.12±1.53 bc	28.56±1.73 b
	冀花16 Jihua 16		8.63±1.26 b		17.11±1.51 b		21.63±0.77 b		25.55±1.49 c	27.36±1.00 b
	冀花18 Jihua 18		7.78±1.53 b		18.56±1.43 b		20.45±1.00 b		22.69±1.67 b	28.33±1.63 b
	白沙1016 Baisha 1016		5.55±0.99 ab		8.78±1.95 a		10.96±0.73 a		12.15±1.90 a	14.15±1.56 a
	鲁花11 Luhua 11		4.99±1.01 a		8.82±1.49 a		10.65±0.84 a		12.21±1.56 a	14.54±0.99 a
	正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1		5.87±0.93 ab		9.74±1.28 a		11.96±1.05 a		13.33±1.51 a	15.78±1.46 a
	白玉Baiyu		6.45±1.34 ab		8.64±1.48 a		11.62±1.51 a		13.05±1.73 a	14.51±1.22 a
生理指标 Physical indexes		花生品种 Peanut cultivar		对照组 Control group		处理组Treatment group
生理指标 Physical indexes		花生品种 Peanut cultivar		对照组 Control group		4℃		4℃+100 μmol L^-1GA₃	4℃+200 μmol L^-1GA₃	4℃+300 μmol L^-1GA₃
可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein content (μmol g^-1 FW^-1)		阜花17 Fuhua 17		16.49±2.09 a		25.45±0.98 b		26.85±1.65 b	27.96±1.66 b	29.64±1.28 b
		阜花12 Fuhua 12		17.68±1.22 a		23.78±0.76 ab		26.45±1.01 c	28.65±1.53 b	30.77±1.73 b
		冀花16 Jihua 16		17.45±2.52 a		24.36±1.22 ab		25.85±1.54 bc	26.56±1.49 ab	29.86±1.00 b
		冀花18 Jihua 18		16.12±2.06 a		25.88±1.85b		26.74±1.99 b	27.65±1.67 b	30.55±1.03 b
		白沙1016 Baisha 1016		18.02±1.98 a		23.71±1.89 ab		24.56±1.45 ab	25.74±1.23 ab	26.16±1.56 a
		鲁花11 Luhua 11		17.68±2.01 a		23.52±1.67 ab		23.65±1.67 ab	24.31±1.56 a	26.99±0.99 a
		正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1		16.59±1.85 a		22.34±1.56 a		23.99±1.35 ab	24.15±1.50 a	26.59±1.46 a
		白玉Baiyu		17.66±2.68 a		21.90±1.96 a		23.06±1.02 a	23.94±1.73 a	25.35±1.22 a
游离脯氨酸 Free proline (μmol g^-1 FW^-1)		阜花17 Fuhua 17		60.01±7.23 a		83.95±7.24 a		100.65±6.23 ab	112.14±8.66 ab	135.63±7.85 bc
		阜花12 Fuhua 12		65.99±7.01 a		85.45±8.36 a		99.46±7.12 ab	116.32±8.12 b	140.63±7.78 c
		冀花16 Jihua 16		61.23±8.96 a		86.56±8.11 a		101.25±7.52 ab	110.36±7.78 ab	136.44±8.33 bc
		冀花18 Jihua 18		59.46±8.25 a		80.11±8.46 a		103.66±6.66 b	120.56±8.36 b	133.78±7.55 b
		白沙1016 Baisha 1016		63.19±4.48 a		78.25±7.12 a		90.26±7.16 a	108.36±7.45 ab	122.32±6.06 ab
		鲁花11 Luhua 11		61.85±6.85 a		79.33±7.56 a		90.29±8.56 a	104.85±6.21 a	118.62±7.60 a
		正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1		58.36±6.99 a		74.63±7.98 a		91.29±7.31 a	102.24±6.65 a	121.55±8.32 ab
		白玉 Baiyu		62.45±7.11 a		79.35±8.24 a		95.11±8.56 ab	104.15±7.12 a	119.62±8.41 a

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

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倒春寒等级 Late spring chilling grades	最大降温幅度ΔT Maximum cooling rate (oC)	气温距平(δT) Temperature departure (oC)	持续时间 Consecutive time (d)
轻微 Light	3.0 < ΔT24 ≤ 5.0 or 5.0 < ΔT48 ≤ 8.0	-2.0 ≤ δT < -1.0	≥ 3
中度偏轻 Moderate partial light	5.0 < Δ.0erate or 8.0 < Δ.0erate	-3.0 ≤ δT < -2.0	≥ 3
中度 Moderate	8.0 < ΔT24 ≤ 10.0 or 10.0 < ΔT48 ≤ 12.0	-5.0 ≤ δT < -3.0	≥ 5
严重 Severe	10.0 < ΔT24 or 12.0 < ΔT48	δT < -5.0	≥ 5

品种 Cultivar		出苗率 Seedling emergence rate (%)	标准误差 Standard error	差异显著性 Sig. 5%
白玉 Baiyu		45.51	8.43	a
正农黑花生1号 Zhengnongheihuasheng 1		49.79	10.08	ab
白沙1016 Baisha 1016		50.28	8.52	ab
七彩花生 Qicaihuasheng		58.63	3.89	bc
鲁花11 Luhua 11		59.63	9.76	bcd
花育22 Huayu 22		67.33	10.25	cde
荣丰8号 Rongfeng 8		68.42	9.58	cde
丰花5号 Fenghua 5		69.29	5.32	de
丰花3号 Fenghua 3		72.75	5.03	ef
冀花11 Jihua 11		72.99	6.34	ef
丰花1号 Fenghua 1		73.30	4.82	efg
海花1号 Haihua 1		73.54	3.22	efg
中农108 Zhongnong 108		74.00	8.92	efg
山花10号 Shanhua 10		74.33	3.24	efg
中花800 Zhonghua 800		75.00	4.77	efg
拔二罐 Baerguan		76.38	6.64	efgh
花育23 Huayu 23		81.73	4.38	fghi
品种 Cultivar	出苗率 Seedling emergence rate (%)		标准误差 Standard error	差异显著性 Sig. 5%
冀花4号 Jihua 4	82.06		4.22	fghi
冀花9号 Jihua 9	82.63		1.04	fghij
冀花8号 Jihua 8	84.22		4.13	ghijk
寿花820 Shouhua 820	86.38		5.66	hijkl
花育36 Huayu 36	89.71		4.09	ijkl
四粒红 Silihong	90.19		5.24	ijkl
冀花10号 Jihua 10	90.95		2.74	ijkl
花育20 Huayu 20	91.43		2.74	ijkl
冀花324 Jihua 324	93.40		1.89	jkl
冀花18 Jihua 18	94.56		4.16	kl
冀花16 Jihua 16	95.27		1.49	l
阜花12 Fuhua 12	95.36		3.27	l
阜花17 Fuhua 17	97.22		1.26	l

	GR	GI	SV	HL	RMP	MDA	SS	SP	FP
发芽率GR	1
发芽指数GI	0.935^**	1
种子活力指数SV	0.923^**	0.982^**	1
芽长HL	0.961^**	0.936^**	0.964^**	1
相对膜透性RMP	-0.923^**	-0.888^**	-0.938^**	-0.981^**	1
MDA含量 MDA	-0.997^**	-0.934^**	-0.934^**	-0.972^**	0.943^**	1
可溶性糖含量SS	0.973^**	0.872^**	0.897^**	0.970^**	-0.960^**	-0.983^**	1
可溶性蛋白含量SP	0.742^*	0.556	0.583	0.737^*	-0.718^*	-0.742^*	0.829^*	1
游离脯氨酸含量FP	0.864^**	0.882^**	0.810^*	0.820^*	-0.745^*	-0.834^*	0.779^*	0.64	1

A	B	C	Shapiro-Wilk检验 Shapiro-Wilk test
A	B	C	统计量Statistic	自由度df	显著性Sig.
耐低温品种 Low-temperature tolerant varieties (A1)	对照Control	0	0.966	4	0.814
	对照Control	300 μmol L^-1	0.873	4	0.310
	4℃	0	0.876	4	0.322
	4℃	300 μmol L^-1	0.729	4	0.024
不耐低温品种 Low-temperature susceptible varieties (A2)	对照Control	0	0.827	4	0.161
	对照Control	300 μmol L^-1	0.917	4	0.519
	4℃	0	0.965	4	0.811
	4℃	300 μmol L^-1	0.791	4	0.086

效应因子 Source	显著性 Sig.
A	0.000
B	0.000
C	0.000
A×B	0.000
A×C	0.011
B×C	0.000
A×B×C	0.011

Effect of low-temperature stress and gibberellin on seed germination and seedling physiological responses in peanut

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效应因子 Source	F值 F-value	显著性 Sig.
B WITHIN A1	3.23	0.084
B WITHIN A2	77.70	0.000
C WITHIN A1	1.19	0.286
C WITHIN A2	2.52	0.124

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