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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 705-713.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84121

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comparative analysis on flower bud differentiation of multilocular and bilocular traits in Brassica juncea

Xin LI,Lu XIAO,Lin-Fang LI,De-Zhi DU()   

  1. Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University / Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province for Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement / The Qinghai Research Branch of the National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center / Spring and Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Qinghai Research and Development Center for Spring Rapeseed, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2018-09-19 Accepted:2019-01-12 Online:2019-05-12 Published:2019-02-08
  • Contact: De-Zhi DU E-mail:qhurape@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12);the National Nature Science Funds of China(31560398);the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFD0101300);Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province(2017-ZJ-Y09)

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Abstract:

Brassica juncea, possessing natural multilocular traits compared with bilocular rapeseed (two-chambered), has high yielding potential due to multiple locules (3-5 locules) and multi-grains. To disclose the formation process of multilocular traits, we constructed a BC3F5 population from a cross between Qinghai multilocular rapeseed and Tayou 2 (two locules) to analyse the whole process of flower bud differentiation of homozygous bilocular plants and multilocular plants through paraffin section along with scanning electron-microscopy observation. The flower bud differentiation in multilocular rapeseed took place at about 22 days after seedling emergence, with an average leaf number of 5, and whole differentiation was divided into five stages. The diameters of shoot apical meristem (SAM) and floral meristem (FM) in multilocular plants were significantly larger than these in bilocular plants. The center of growing cone of the multilocular was deeply recessed into an “X” shaped region with four carpels, while that of the bilocular into an “I” shape, forming half and half regions with two carpels, such differentiation could affect the number of carpels and seeds rows. The tip of the stigma also formed “I” and “X” shapes, which could be used as an indicator, to distinguish between multilocular plants and bilocular plants in the early stage.

Key words: multilocular, flower bud differentiation, shoot apical meristem, floral meristem, carpel

Fig. 1

Flowering bud differentiation of bilocular B. juncea Fig. a: growth cone elongation, showing shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf primordial (L); Fig. b: flower primordia appear, showing shoot apical meristem (SAM) and flower primordia (f1-f6); Figs. c-e: continuously differentiated and expanded flower primordia, showing shoot apical meristem (SAM), flower primordia (f), flower meristem (FM) and sepal primordia (S); Fig. f: sepal primordia differentiation, showing flower meristem (FM) and sepal primordia (S1-S4); Fig. g: the top of flower wrapped by sepal primordia (S1-S4); Fig. h: petal primordia differentiation, showing petal primordia (P), stamen primordia (St1-St6) and carpel primordia (C1, C2); Figs. i-k: ovary(OV) formation and stigma elongation; Fig. l: the stigma formation (indicated by the arrow)."

Fig. 2

Flowering bud differentiation of multilocular B. juncea Fig. a: growth cone elongation, showing shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf primordial (L); Fig. b: flower primordia appear, showing shoot apical meristem (SAM) and flower primordia (F1-F6); Figs. c-e: continuously differentiated and expanded flower primordial, showing shoot apical meristem (SAM), flower primordia (F), flower meristem (FM) and sepal primordia (S); Fig. f: sepal primordia differentiation, showing flower meristem (FM) and sepal primordia (S1-S4); Fig. g: the top of flower wrapped by sepal primordia (S1-S4); Fig. h: petal primordia differentiation, showing petal primordia (P), stamen primordia (St1-St6) and carpel primordia (C1-C4); Figs. i-k: ovary (OV) formation and stigma elongation; Fig. l: stigma formation (indicated by the arrow)."

Table 1

Differentiation time of flower bud tissues in bilocular and multilocular rapeseed in field (day)"

类型
Type		 生长锥
Growth cone		 花原基
Flower
primordium		 萼片原基
Sepal
primordium		 花瓣原基
Petal
primordium		 雄蕊原基
Stamen
primordium		 心皮
Carpel
二室Bilocular 2 21 27 33 40 45
多室Multilocular 2 22 31 38 51 52

Fig. 3

Comparison of flower bud differentiation between bilocular B. juncea and multilocular B. juncea Figs. a-b: the shoot apical meristem of the bilocular rapeseed; Fig. c: the flower meristem of the bilocular rapeseed; Figs. d-e: the shoot apical meristem of the multilocular rapeseed ; Fig. f: the Flower meristem of multilocular rapeseed; Fig. g: the stage of carpel differentiation of the bilocular rapeseed (C1, C2); Fig. h: the ovary formation of the bilocular rapeseed ; Fig. i: seed arrangement structure of the bilocular rapeseed (O); Fig. j: the stage of carpel differentiation of the multilocular rapeseed (C1-C4); Fig. k: the ovary formation of the multilocular rapeseed; Fig. l: seed arrangement structure of the multilocular rapeseed (O); Figs. m-n: internal structure of the bilocular rapeseed; Fig. o: the stigma of the bilocular rapeseed; Figs. p-q: internal structure of the multilocular rapeseed; Fig. r: the stigma of the multilocular rapeseed; P: petal primordia; St: stamen primordia; C: carpel; lc: locule; O: ovule; M: medial region; L: lateral region."

Fig. 4

Comparison of SAM and FM between multilocular plants and bilocular plants ** Significant correlation at the 0.01 probability level; * Significant correlation at the 0.05 probability level."

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