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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 714-727.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84097

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of straw strip mulching on furrows and planting in ridges on water use efficiency and tuber yield in dryland potato

Yu-Zhang CHEN1,2,Hui-Hui TIAN1,Ya-Wei LI1,Yu-Wei CHAI1,Rui LI1,Hong-Bo CHENG3,Lei CHANG1,Shou-Xi CHAI1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2 Bijie Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie 551700, Guizhou, China
    3 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2018-07-14 Accepted:2019-01-12 Online:2019-05-12 Published:2019-02-01
  • Contact: Shou-Xi CHAI E-mail:sxchai@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Special Research Project of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department of Gansu Province(072-034035);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760373)

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Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different mulching materials and ridge-furrow widths on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth, tuber yield, soil moisture and water use efficiency in a semiarid rain-fed ecosystem in northwest China in 2016 and 2017. Four treatments were performed: (1) alternating narrow furrows and wide ridges with corn straw strip mulching only on narrow furrows and planting in the wide ridges (RFWN); (2) alternating micro-ridge-furrows with corn straw strip mulching only on furrows and planting in the ridges (RFN); (3) alternating small and large ridges full mulching with black plastic film and planting in the large ridges (RFB), and (4) traditional-flat planting without mulching (CK). Compared with CK, mulching treatments significantly decreased total evapotranspiration by 6.1%-13.2%, increased average soil water content (1.2-1.8 m depth) by 7.6% at tuber initiation stage, and RFB treatment significantly increased soil water content (0-0.2 m) by 30.3% at starch accumulation stage in the dry year of 2016. In the normal precipitation year of 2017, the total evapotranspiration in RFB was 22.2% lower than that in CK, and there was no significant difference in total evapotranspiration observed among the RFWN, RFN and CK treatments. The average soil water content (0-2 m depth) in mulching treatments was 8.7%, 13.0%, and 13.1% higher than that in CK, respectively, at tuber initiation, tuber bulking and starch accumulation stage in 2017. Compared with CK, mulching treatments significantly increased soil water storage (0-2 m), weight of dry matter per plant and final plant height by 5.4%-15.5%, 12.8%-147.4%, and 21.1-39.7 cm, respectively, and thus enhanced tuber yield and water use efficiency by 51.6%-88.2% and 68.2%-111.7% in both years, respectively. The tuber yield, water use efficiency and net income for RFN treatment was the highest increasing on average by 87.8%, 97.5%, and 254.2%, respectively, in both years. In addition, RFN had the advantages of simple operation, the environmentally friendly and the highest input/output ratio compared with the treatment of plastic film mulching. Hence, RFN is the best cultivation model for dryland potato.

Key words: ridges-furrows culture, plastic film mulching, straw strip mulching only on furrows, dryland potato, tuber yield, water use efficiency

Fig. 1

Daily precipitation during the potato growing seasons in experimental fields in 2016 and 2017"

Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of potato planting cultivation practices RFWN: alternating narrow furrows and wide ridges with corn straw strips mulching on furrows and planting in the wide ridges; RFN: alternating micro-ridge-furrows with corn straw strips mulching on furrows and planting in the ridges; RFB: alternating small and large ridges full mulching with black plastic film and planting in the large ridges; CK: traditional-flat planting without mulching."

Fig. 3

Soil water storage in 0-2 m depth under different treatments SW: sowing; SD: seedling; BR: branching; TI: tuber initiation; TB: tuber bulking; SA: starch accumulation; MT: maturity. Treatments are as these described in Fig. 2. Error bars indicate the standard error for each date point (n = 3). Mean value (n = 3) columns at each growth stage indicated with different lowercase letters are significant by different at P < 0.05."

Fig. 4

Soil water content (%) in 0-2 m depth in key potato growth period as affected by different treatments Treatments are as these described in Fig. 2. PWC: permanent wilting coefficient; FWHC: field water holding capacity. Error bars indicate the standard error for each date point (n = 3)."

Fig. 5

Weight of dry matter per plant as affected by different treatments Treatments are as these described in Fig. 2. Error bars indicate the standard error for each date point (n = 3). Mean value (n = 3) columns at each growth stage indicated with different lowercase letters are significant by different at P < 0.05."

Table 1

Person’s correlation coefficients between tuber yield and dry matter weight per plant under different treatments"

出苗期
Seedling		 分枝期
Branching		 块茎形成期
Tuber initiation		 块茎膨大期
Tuber bulking		 成熟期
Maturity
相关系数r 0.566 0.629* 0.908** 0.963** 0.980**

Fig. 6

Evapotranspiration, plant height at maturity, tuber yield and water use efficiency (WUE) as affected by different treatments Treatments are as these described in Fig. 2. Error bars indicate the standard error for each date point (n = 3). Mean value (n = 3) columns within each growing season indicated with by different lowercase letters are significant by different at P < 0.05."

Table 2

Person’s correlation coefficients between tuber yield and the main agronomic traits and water use efficiency under different treatments"

小薯率
Small
tuber rate		 中薯率
Medium
tuber rate		 大薯率
Large
tuber rate		 结薯数
Tuber number
per plant		 单株薯重
Tuber weight
per plant		 株高
Plant
height		 水分利用效率
Water use
efficiency		 耗水量
Water
consumption
相关系数r -0.732** -0.554 0.889** 0.954** 0.999** 0.990** 0.927** -0.324

Table 2

Potato tuber grades and weight of fifteen sample plants per plot as affected by different treatments"

Table 4

Analyses on economic benefits of potato under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 总投入
Input cost
(Yuan hm-2)		 总收入
Output revenue
(Yuan hm-2)		 纯收益
Economic benefit
(Yuan hm-2)		 投入产出比
Output/input
2016 RFWN 12000 11299.9 -700.1 0.94
RFN 12000 14411.6 2411.6 1.20
RFB 13650 14585.1 935.1 1.07
CK 10500 6873.9 -3626.1 0.65
2017 RFWN 12000 40156.3 28156.3 3.35
RFN 12000 43492.8 31492.8 3.62
RFB 13650 29049.6 15399.6 2.13
CK 10500 17625.3 7125.3 1.68
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