玉米-大豆带状种植中套作高光效玉米窄行穂位叶光合特性对弱光胁迫的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83040

Abstract

Abstract:

The photosynthesis of maize is inhibited in narrow row under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. In order to explore the internal mechanisms of photosynthesis characteristics responding to low light stress in ear leaf of intercropped maize cultivars with high photosynthetic efficiency, the low (A1: Zhongwangyu 18), middle (A2: Chuandan 418), and high (A3: Rongyu 1210) photosynthetic efficiency maize varieties were grown in maize-soybean strip intercropping system (two rows of maize intercropped with two rows of soybean) with different narrow spaces (B1: 20 cm; B2: 40 cm; B3: monoculture). The photosynthetic rate and PEPCase activity of “Rongyu 1210” were significantly higher than those of “Zhongwangyu 18” and “Chuandan 418”, respectively under the conventional row spacing (40 cm) and low light intensity conditions (before 10 a.m., after 4 p.m.). Additionally, “Rongyu 1210” had more complete chloroplast structure, which might result in lower initial fluorescence (F_o) and maximum fluorescence (F_m) of chlorophyll compared with “Zhongwangyu 18” and “Chuandan 418”. The P_n and activities of key enzymes decreased, but the initial fluorescence (F_o), maximum fluorescence (F_m) and effective photochemical quantum yield (F_v'/F_m') of chlorophyll increased with the decreasing narrow row spacing, Interestingly, the above indexes of “Rongyu 1210” were stable under the variable light environment. The photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic key enzyme activities, and yield of “Rongyu 1210” between monoculture and intercropping were not significantly different. However, the photosynthetic rate and PEPCase activity of “Zhongwangyu 18” and “Chuandan 418” in intercropping decreased by 28.9%, 24.2% and 7.4%, 5.5% compared with that in monoculture, respectively. In conclusion, the response of maize varieties to shade conditions in narrow row under intercropping system is different. Rongyu 1210, with a positive responding, that has better physiological indexes in photosynthesis than the other two maize varieties in the intercropping system. These results provide a theoretical explanation for excellent adaptability to the lower light environment and high yield in Rongyu 1210 under maize-soybean intercropping strip system.

Key words: maize-soybean strip intercropping, high photosynthetic efficiency, ear leaves, low light stress, photosynthetic characteristics

Yong-Fu REN,Guo-Peng CHEN,Tian PU,Cheng CHEN,Jin-Xi ZENG,Xiao PENG,Yan-Wei MA,Wen-Yu YANG,Xiao-Chun WANG. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics to low light stress in ear leaves of high photosynthetic efficiency maize at narrow row of maize-soybean strip intercropping system[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(5): 728-739.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in ear leaves of maize at narrow row"

品种 Variety	行距 Row spacing	F_o		F_m		F_v/F_m		F_v′/F_m′
品种 Variety	行距 Row spacing	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	灌浆期 Filling stage
众望玉18	20 cm	3788.00 a	3438.00 b	19501.00 a	16201.00 a	0.76 c	0.77 c	0.13 a	0.14 b
Zhongwangyu 18	40 cm	2595.00 d	3370.00 c	13788.00 e	15819.00 b	0.78 ab	0.79 b	0.12 ab	0.13 bc
	单作MM	2161.00 e	2600.00 e	12092.00 f	13566.00 d	0.79 a	0.81 a	0.10 c	0.12 c
川单418	20 cm	3527.00 b	3635.00 a	17138.00 b	15016.00 b	0.76 c	0.75 d	0.13 a	0.12 c
Chuandan 418	40 cm	3085.00 d	3326.00 c	16187.00 c	14527.00 c	0.77 b	0.76 cd	0.12 ab	0.12 c
	单作MM	2345.00 e	2578.00 e	12284.00 f	12310.00 e	0.78 ab	0.79 b	0.12 ab	0.11 d
荣玉1210	20 cm	3481.00 b	2986.00 d	17400.00 b	14413.00 c	0.76 c	0.78 bc	0.11 bc	0.15 a
Rongyu 1210	40 cm	3272.00 c	2775.00 e	16816.00 c	13380.00 d	0.77 b	0.79 b	0.11 bc	0.14 b
	单作MM	2964.00 d	1888.00 f	15585.00 d	10094.00 f	0.77 b	0.80 ab	0.10 c	0.12 c
众望玉18-avg. Zhongwangyu 18-avg.		2848.00 c	3136.00 a	15127.00 b	15195.33 a	0.78 a	0.79 a	0.12 a	0.13 a
川单418-avg. Chuandan 418-avg.		3052.33 b	3179.66 a	15203.00 b	13951.00 b	0.77 b	0.77 b	0.12 a	0.12 b
荣玉1210-avg. Rongyu 1210-avg.		3239.00 a	2549.66 b	16600.33 a	12629.00 b	0.77 b	0.79 a	0.11 b	0.13 a
20 cm-avg.		3598.66 a	3353.00 a	18013.00 a	15210.00 a	0.77 c	0.77 c	0.12 a	0.14 a
40 cm-avg.		3050.66 b	3157.00 b	15597.00 b	14575.33 b	0.78 b	0.78 b	0.12 a	0.13 b
MM-avg.		2490.00 c	2355.33 c	13320.33 c	11990.00 c	0.79 a	0.80 a	0.11 b	0.11 c
F值 F-value
品种 Varieties (V)		1.43^*	2.02	0.99	2.36	5.21	4.14	2.23	4.02^*
行距 Row spacing (RS)		4.07^*	1.14	3.69	1.81	5.96^*	0.88^*	2.12	0.37^*
品种×行距 V×RS		3.01^*	1.50	2.61	1.65	4.70	2.18	2.17	1.83^*

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 3

Table 4

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品种 Variety	行距 Row spacing	叶绿体长度Chloroplast length (μm)	叶绿体宽度Chloroplast width (μm)	基粒厚度 Grains thickness (μm)	淀粉颗粒数 Starch granule	嗜锇颗粒数 Osmiophilic particle
众望玉18	20 cm	7.12 bc	3.33 a	0.73 a	3.33 a	3.67 a
Zhongwangyu 18	40 cm	7.12 bc	3.10 b	0.72 ab	2.67 ab	3.33 a
	单作MM	7.00 d	3.09 bc	0.69 b	2.00 b	1.33 bc
川单418	20 cm	7.13 b	3.26 ab	0.73 a	2.33 ab	2.33 b
Chuandan 418	40 cm	7.03 c	3.06 bc	0.68 bc	1.67 bc	1.33 bc
	单作MM	6.98 e	3.06 bc	0.63 cd	1.33 bc	0.33 c
荣玉1210	20 cm	7.34 a	3.06 bc	0.65 c	1.00 c	1.00 cd
Rongyu 1210	40 cm	7.28 ab	2.99 d	0.61 d	0 d	0 d
	单作MM	7.25 ab	2.98 d	0.61 d	0 d	0 d
F值 F-value
品种 Varieties (V)		55.28^**	8.97^*	16.44^*	133.42^**	16.66^*
行距 Row pacing (RS)		11.48^*	12.23^*	7.18^*	31.18^**	8.79^*
品种×行距 V×RS		0.07	0.11	0.95	0.59	9.09^**

品种 Variety	行距 Row spacing	2015年			2016年
品种 Variety	行距 Row spacing	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗数 Ear number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗数 Ear number (×10⁴ hm^-2)
众望玉18	20 cm	406.20 e	290.00 b	49764.30 b	429.12 d	324.04 a	50330.00 e
Zhongwangyu 18	40 cm	449.30 d	294.30 b	50357.10 b	420.80 d	316.20 b	54000.00 d
	单作MM	507.20 b	289.10 b	57142.90 a	519.66 b	309.64 c	56000.00 c
川单418	20 cm	347.60 f	300.50 b	49521.40 b	459.47 c	263.06 e	54000.00 d
Chuandan 418	40 cm	468.70 c	292.60 b	57732.12 a	527.37 b	256.00 e	57330.00 b
	单作MM	479.00 c	308.00 a	58992.90 a	588.85 a	255.46 e	59330.00 a
荣玉1210	20 cm	452.00 d	295.70 b	49764.30 b	394.54 e	294.60 d	56660.00 c
Rongyu 1210	40 cm	563.80 a	294.00 b	55512.25 ab	442.91 d	305.86 c	57660.00 b
	单作MM	588.10 a	295.40 b	56664.30 a	472.68 c	310.20 c	57660.00 b
众望玉18-avg. Zhongwangyu 18-avg.		454.23 b	291.13 a	52421.43 b	456.52 b	316.62 a	53443.33 c
川单418-avg. Chuandan 418-avg.		431.76 b	300.36 a	55415.47 a	525.23 a	258.17 c	56886.66 b
荣玉1210-avg. Rongyu 1210-avg.		534.63 a	295.03 a	53980.28 a	436.71 c	303.55 b	57326.66 a
20 cm-avg.		401.93 c	295.40 a	49683.33 c	427.71 c	293.90 a	53663.33 c
40 cm-avg.		493.93 b	293.63 a	54533.82 b	463.69 b	292.68 a	56330.00 b
MM-avg.		524.76 a	297.50 a	57600.03 a	527.06 a	291.76 a	57663.33 a
F值 F-value
品种 Varieties (V)		25.78^**	185.89^**	1.32^**	16.72^**	66.00^**	5.51^**
行距 Row spacing (RS)		24.35^**	3.49^**	38.66^*	27.18^**	3.55	4.59^*
品种×行距 V×RS		24.92^**	76.45^*	23.72^**	1.63	2.00	0.72

	光合速率 Photosyn- thetic rate	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂concentration	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	穂粒数 Grain number per ear	千粒重 1000-kernel weight	穗数 Ear number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	产量 Yield
Photosynthetic rate	1.00	0.99^**	-0.80^**	0.90^**	0.54^*	0.39	0.53^*	0.62^**
Stomatal conductance		1.00	-0.82^**	0.92^**	0.58^*	0.37	0.54^*	0.65^**
Intercellular CO₂concentration			1.00	-0.97^**	-0.74^**	-0.24	-0.47	-0.73^**
Transpiration rate				1.00	0.65^**	0.27	0.51^*	0.69^**
Grain number per ear					1.00	-0.15	0.67^**	0.95^**
1000-kernel weight						1.00	0.18	0.05
Ear number (×10⁴ hm^-2)							1.00	0.85^**
Yield								1.00

Responses of photosynthetic characteristics to low light stress in ear leaves of high photosynthetic efficiency maize at narrow row of maize-soybean strip intercropping system

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