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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 740-754.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82030

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of different soil tillage systems on physiological characteristics and yield of double-cropping rice

Hai-Ming TANG(),Xiao-Ping XIAO,Chao LI,Wen-Guang TANG,Li-Jun GUO,Ke WANG,Kai-Kai CHENG,Xiao-Chen PAN,Gen SUN   

  1. Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
  • Received:2018-05-26 Accepted:2019-01-12 Online:2019-05-12 Published:2019-02-26
  • Contact: Hai-Ming TANG E-mail:tanghaiming66@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2017JJ1018);the Public Research Funds Projects of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture of the China(201503123);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872851);the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFD0301004)

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different soil tillage systems on physiological characteristics, dry matter accumulation and grain yield, a fixed location field experiment was conducted using early and late double-cropping rice and Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) system with four soil tillage treatments including conventional tillage with residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with residue incorporation (RT), no-tillage with residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage with residue removed as control (RTO) from 2016 to 2017. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in leaves of CT, RT treatments were increased as compared with those of RTO treatment at different main growth stages of early and late rice. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in leaves of CT and RT treatments were decreased. At different main growth stages of early and late rice, the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in leaves of CT and RT treatments were significantly higher than those of RTO treatment (P<0.05), while MDA contents of CT and RT treatments were significantly lower than those of RTO treatment (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) in leaves of CT treatment were significantly higher than those of RTO treatment (P < 0.05), showing an order of CT > RT > NT > RTO. The results also indicated that the total dry matter accumulation of early and late rice were increased, and its reasonable distribution of rice plant in CT and RT treatments. In 2016 and 2017, the grain yield of early and late rice in CT treatment was significantly higher than that in RTO treatment (P<0.05), with an increase of 731.1-733.3 kg ha -1 and 582.5-717.6 kg ha -1, respectively. As a result, it is an effective way for improving protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves, dry matter accumulation of rice by conventional tillage and rotational tillage combined with residue incorporation practices, which results in higher grain yield of rice.

Key words: rice, soil tillage, physiological characteristics, protective enzyme, rice yield

Fig. 1

Effects of different soil tillage treatments on SPAD of rice leaves CT: conventional tillage with residue incorporation; RT: rotary tillage with residue incorporation; NT: no tillage with residue retention; RTO: rotary tillage with residue removed. SS: seedling stage; TS: tillering stage; BS: booting stage; HS: heading stage; MS: maturity stage. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 2

Effects of different soil tillage treatments on MDA content of rice leaves Abbreviations of treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 3

Effects of different soil tillage treatments on SOD activity of rice leaves Abbreviations of treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

Effects of different soil tillage treatments on POD activity of rice leaves Abbreviations of treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Effects of different soil tillage treatments on CAT activity of rice leaves Abbreviations of treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 6

Dynamic changes of net photosynthetic rate of rice leaves under different soil tillage treatment conditions Abbreviations of treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 7

Dynamic changes of stomatal conductance of rice leaves under different soil tillage treatment conditions Abbreviations of treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 8

Dynamic changes of transpiration rate of rice leaves under different soil tillage treatment conditions Abbreviations of treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 9

Characteristics of leaf area index of rice under different soil tillage treatment conditions Abbreviations of treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 1

Characteristics of dry matter weight of population at different main growth stages of rice with different soil tillage managements"

Table 2

Characteristics of stem,leaf and panicle dry weight of population at different main growth stages of rice with different soil tillage managements(kg hm-2)"

Table 3

Effects of different soil tillage treatments on yield and yield component of rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗
Effective panicle
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Seed setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)		 收获指数Harvest index
早稻 Early rice
2016 CT 366.8±9.2a 105.1±3.0a 78.56±2.27a 24.65±0.68a 6469.5±230.4a 0.50±0.01a
RT 360.6±10.6a 102.8±2.9a 75.82±2.10ab 24.54±0.71a 6270.3±230.4ab 0.51±0.01a
NT 351.3±10.1a 100.3±2.8a 72.64±2.24ab 24.23±0.70a 6036.7±162.9ab 0.52±0.02a
RTO 346.9±7.6a 100.5±2.9a 70.25±2.03b 24.16±0.70a 5736.2±163.8b 0.52±0.02a
2017 CT 367.9±11.1a 103.2±2.6a 78.86±2.24a 24.73±0.62a 6543.6±166.5a 0.48±0.01a
RT 362.1±11.4a 100.9±2.4a 76.14±2.14ab 24.65±0.64a 6369.4±171.9ab 0.49±0.01a
NT 353.3±10.7a 98.4±2.8a 72.96±2.16ab 24.32±0.66a 6088.7±160.2ab 0.50±0.01a
RTO 348.5±12.5a 98.6±2.2a 70.53±2.12b 24.24±0.60a 5812.5±163.8b 0.50±0.01a
晚稻 Late rice
2016 CT 369.8±10.6a 103.5±2.8a 83.15±2.39a 25.31±0.71a 6970.2±144.9a 0.49±0.01a
RT 362.0±10.3a 101.8±2.8a 82.83±2.39ab 25.33±0.73a 6787.5±100.8ab 0.50±0.01a
NT 356.4±10.2a 100.3±2.8a 82.16±2.37ab 25.15±0.70a 6670.6±144.9ab 0.52±0.02a
RTO 355.7±10.2a 98.6±2.7a 80.27±2.32b 25.04±0.71a 6387.7±169.2b 0.53±0.02a
2017 CT 366.5±10.6a 102.1±2.7a 84.24±2.35a 25.42±0.71a 6919.1±103.5a 0.47±0.01a
RT 358.9±10.3a 100.4±2.8a 83.92±2.37ab 25.44±0.74a 6760.4±137.7ab 0.48±0.01a
NT 353.3±10.8a 98.9±2.6a 83.66±2.38ab 25.27±0.75a 6546.6±115.2ab 0.49±0.01a
RTO 352.9±10.7a 97.2±2.7a 81.37±2.31b 25.13±0.70a 6201.5±111.6b 0.50±0.01a
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