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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 988-1004.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12020

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of panicle stem growth and flowering period of the parents of hybrid rice in machine-transplanted seed production

QIN Qin1(), TAO You-Feng1, HUANG Bang-Chao1, LI Hui1, GAO Yun-Tian1, ZHONG Xiao-Yuan1, ZHOU Zhong-Lin1, ZHU Li1, LEI Xiao-Long1, FENG Sheng-Qiang2, WANG Xu3, REN Wan-Jun1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Chengdu Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
    3Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2021-03-22 Accepted:2021-07-12 Online:2022-04-12 Published:2021-08-05
  • Contact: REN Wan-Jun E-mail:1290212002@qq.com;rwjun@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Rice Innovation Team Project of Sichuan Industrial System(sccxtd-2021-01);Sichuan Breeding Breakthrough Project(2021YFYZ0005)

Abstract:

To study the characteristics of panicle and stem growth and flowering period of restorer line and sterile line under mechanized transplanting mode, and to analyze the reasons for the difficulty of parental flowering period meeting under mechanized transplanting mode Chenghui 727×Shu 21A and Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A were selected as the materials, and the field experiment was carried out from 2019 to 2020 in this study. Two transplanting methods and seedling ages were determined. Leaf age dynamics, panicle stem growth dynamics, and heading dynamics of restorer line and sterile line were investigated, and the effects of different treatments on the growth and development of panicle, stem and leaf, and flower state of the restorer line and sterile line were statistically analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The total number of leaves in mechanical transplanting parents decreased by 0.3-0.8 leaves in restorer lines while the sterile line added 0.1-0.4 leaves. Meanwhile, the total number of leaves in restorer lines decreased with the decrease of seedling age, while there was no significant change in the total number of leaves of male sterile lines. (2) The growth process of panicles, stems and leaves of restorer lines in mechanical transplanting was delayed by 2-5 days, while that of sterile lines was delayed by 5-10 days. The panicle differentiation of restorer lines began after jointing, while the panicle differentiation of sterile lines began 5-10 days after jointing. The panicle differentiation duration of restorer lines and sterile lines did not change significantly. The young ear growth curves of all treated parents were well fitted with Logistic curves (R2>0.99). (3) The duration from seeding to heading of machine transplanting parents was longer than that of artificial transplanting parents. The effect of lengthening seedling age was the same as the change of transplanting method and the response of sterile lines to transplanting method and seedling age was more significant than that of restorer lines. (4) The flower encounter index of long seedling age under artificial transplanting in each combination was 100%, and the flower encounter was the best. Flowering encountering index was between 40%-60% of long seedling age under mechanical transplanting and short seedling age under artificial transplanting, followed by flowering status. However, the flowering index of the short seedling age combination of Chenghui 727 × Shu 21A and Yahui 2115 × Yixiang 1A was 0 and 18.18% under mechanical transplanting, respectively, indicating that the absent of flowering date seriously. In conclusion, the growth and development of ear, stem, and leaf of parents were delayed under mechanized transplanting mode, and the prolonged seedling age aggravated the growth and development lag phenomenon of parents. There were some differences in the growth, development, and flowering characteristics between restorer lines and sterile lines under different transplanting methods and seedling ages. The difference in the response of restorer lines and sterile lines to cultivation measures was the main reason for the absence of flowering dates of parents.

Key words: hybrid rice, mechanized seed production, seed parents, ear and stem growth, the duration from seeding to heading, flowering.

Table 1

Properties of tested varieties in this study"

品种
Variety
株高
Plant height (cm)
主茎叶数
Leaf number of main stems
穗长
Ear length (cm)
播始历期
DSH (d)
千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
成恢727 Chenghui 727 110.0 16-17 25.8 110.0 29.5
雅恢2115 Yahui 2115 114.0 15-16 26.0 115.0 29.3
辐恢838 Fuhui 838 110.0 15-16 24.0 110.0 32.0
蜀21A Shu 21A 90.0 14-15 23.0 85.0 27.0
宜香1A Yixiang 1A 85.8 14-15 24.4 90.5 30.5
II-32A 83.8 14-15 23.8 93.7 24.4

Fig. 1

Daily mean air temperature and precipitation during the growth period of seed production parents from 2019 to 2020"

Table 2

Sowing and transplanting date and transplanting specification of parents"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
播种时间Sowing date (month/day) 移栽Transplanting date (month/day) 行距
Row space
(cm)
穴距
Colum
space (cm)
穴苗数
Seedling number
per hill
长秧龄
Long seedling age
长秧龄II期
Long seedling
age II
短秧龄播期
Short seedling age
短秧龄II期
Short seedling age II
2019 成恢727
Chenghui 727
3/21 3/31 4/20 30 20 4
蜀21A
Shu 21A
4/30 5/20 30 12 5
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115
3/21 3/31 4/20 30 20 4
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
4/25 5/15 30 12 5
辐恢838
Fuhui 838
4/6 4/16 5/6 30 20 4
II-32A 4/16 5/6 30 12 5
2020 成恢727
Chenghui 727
3/21 3/28 3/31 4/7 4/30 30 20 4
蜀21A
Shu 21A
4/28 5/8 5/28 30 12 5
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115
3/26 4/2 4/5 4/12 5/5 30 20 4
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
4/21 5/1 5/21 30 12 5

Fig. 2

Leaf age dynamics of sterile lines and restorer lines under different treatment ATL: artificial transplanting long seedling age; MTL: mechanical transplanting long seedling age; ATS: artificial transplanting short seedling age; MTS: mechanical transplanting long seedling age."

Table 3

Total leaf number of sterile lines and restorer lines under different treatments"

处理
Treatment
成恢727 I期
Chenghui 727 I
成恢727 II期
Chenghui 727 II
蜀21A
Shu 21A
雅恢2115 I期
Yahui 2115 I
雅恢2115 II期
Yahui 2115 II
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
ATL 17.13 a 16.71 a 12.03 bc 16.41 a 15.97 a 13.93 ab
MTL 16.79 b 15.95 b 12.22 b 15.60 c 15.05 c 14.07 a
ATS 16.08 c 15.74 b 11.93 c 15.76 b 15.76 b 13.91 b
MTS 15.77 d 15.43 c 12.37 a 14.94 d 14.52 d 14.03 a
F
F-value
栽插方式PM 28.38** 44.28** 25.87** 333.54** 911.13** 178.13**
秧龄SA 289.89** 85.10** 1.07 219.63** 112.05** 2.17
栽插方式×秧龄
PM×SA
0.05 8.07* 6.00* 0.02 17.69** 6.73*

Fig. 3

Stem growth dynamics of sterile lines and restorer lines under different treatments Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 4

Differences of young panicles of Chenghui 727×Shu 21A combination parents at the early differentiation stage under different curve eigenvalue treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. M: restorer lines; F: sterile lines."

Fig. 5

Panicle growth curve of parents under different transplanting methods and seedling age in 2019 APL: artificial planting long seedling age; MPL: mechanical planting long seedling age; APS: artificial planting short seedling age; MPS: mechanical planting short seedling age."

Fig. 6

Spike growth curves of sterile lines and restorer lines under different treatment in 2020 Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 4

Logistic curve model fitting results and characteristic values of young panicle growth under different treatments"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
曲线参数值Curve parameter value R2 曲线特征值Curve eigenvalue
k a b T0 T1 T2
2019 雅恢2115
Yahui 2115
APL 26.29 2.20×1020 0.59 0.9982 77.53 79.77 82.01
MPL 24.63 1.37×1021 0.61 0.9984 77.86 80.02 82.19
APS 25.77 5.36×1015 0.45 0.9994 77.48 80.41 83.33
MPS 26.75 5.90×1015 0.44 0.9996 79.00 81.97 84.94
辐恢838
Fuhui 838
APL 26.97 2.29×1021 0.68 0.9998 70.30 72.23 74.17
MPL 26.83 1.62×1019 0.61 0.9999 70.31 72.47 74.63
APS 25.62 2.12×1018 0.57 0.9999 71.41 73.71 76.01
MPS 26.52 1.19×1017 0.53 0.9999 71.54 74.02 76.50
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
ATS 30.71 2.72×1013 0.50 0.9995 59.00 61.63 64.25
MTS 33.17 5.77×1012 0.47 0.9995 60.12 62.94 65.77
II-32A ATS 23.07 5.01×1016 0.59 0.9952 62.51 64.72 66.94
MTS 23.48 4.71×1016 0.60 0.9946 61.81 64.00 66.20
2020 成恢727
Chenghui 727
ATL 27.70 4.36×1012 0.44 0.9999 63.13 66.12 69.11
MTL 26.30 8.52×1012 0.44 0.9999 65.16 68.17 71.19
ATS 27.94 1.25×1013 0.45 0.9999 64.71 67.67 70.63
MTS 26.29 1.68×1013 0.44 0.9999 65.48 68.44 71.40
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115
ATL 27.30 1.23×1016 0.56 0.9967 63.92 66.27 68.63
MTL 24.92 1.30×1014 0.46 0.9998 68.23 71.11 73.99
ATS 26.77 3.63×1012 0.42 0.9983 65.31 68.43 71.54
MTS 26.13 2.26×1015 0.49 0.9997 68.79 71.45 74.12
蜀21A
Shu 21A
ATL 28.19 2.86×108 0.51 0.9998 35.47 38.04 40.61
MTL 26.05 5.91×1016 0.85 0.9995 44.02 45.57 47.13
ATS 27.32 1.33×109 0.46 0.9938 42.48 45.32 48.16
MTS 25.31 3.37×1012 0.59 0.9998 46.76 48.99 51.23
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
ATL 28.03 1.29×1011 0.54 0.9994 44.69 47.11 49.54
MTL 28.00 3.41×1010 0.44 0.9982 52.70 55.72 58.75
ATS 28.54 4.26×109 0.43 0.9997 48.91 52.00 55.08
MTS 29.94 6.56×109 0.38 0.9997 55.35 58.78 62.20

Table 5

Heading characteristics of male sterile lines and restorer lines under different transplanting methods and seedling age treatments"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
播种日期
Sowing date (month/day)
移栽日期
Transplanting date (month/day)
始穗日期
Initial heading date (month/day)
播始历期
DSH
(d)
栽始历期
DTH
(d)
2019 成恢727
Chenghui 727
APL 3/21 4/20 7/22 123 93
MPL 3/21 4/20 7/22 123 93
蜀21A
Shu 21A
APS 4/30 5/23 8/6 97 74
MPS 4/30 5/23 8/6 97 74
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115
APL 3/21 4/20 7/24 124 94
MPL 3/21 4/20 7/24 125 95
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
APS 4/25 5/15 7/28 94 74
MPS 4/25 5/15 7/29 95 75
2020 成恢727
Chenghui 727
ATL 3/21 5/1 7/17 118 78
MTL 3/21 5/1 7/21 122 82
ATS 3/31 5/1 7/20 111 81
MTS 3/31 5/1 7/22 113 83
蜀21A
Shu 21A
ATL 4/28 5/28 7/19 82 52
MTL 4/28 5/28 7/27 90 60
ATS 5/8 5/28 7/25 78 58
MTS 5/8 5/28 8/3 87 67
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115
ATL 3/26 5/5 7/21 117 77
MTL 3/26 5/5 7/25 121 81
ATS 4/5 5/5 7/24 110 80
MTS 4/5 5/5 7/26 112 82
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
ATL 4/21 5/21 7/20 90 60
MTL 4/21 5/21 7/28 98 68
ATS 5/1 5/21 7/25 86 66
MTS 5/1 5/21 8/1 92 72

Table 6

Heading dynamic characteristics of male sterile lines and restorer lines under different transplanting methods and seedling age treatment (d)"

品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
播种至盛穗历期
Duration from sowing to
full heading
播种至完穗历期
Duration from sowing to
end heading
盛穗历期
Duration of full
heading
抽穗历期
Duration of
heading
成恢727
Chenghui 727
ATL 123 126 5 9
MTL 128 131 6 9
ATS 117 121 6 10
MTS 119 120 6 9
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115
ATL 121 122 4 5
MTL 126 127 4 5
ATS 114 116 4 6
MTS 117 118 4 5
蜀21A
Shu 21A
ATL 88 89 6 7
MTL 94 96 4 7
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
播种至盛穗历期
Duration from sowing to
full heading
播种至完穗历期
Duration from sowing to
end heading
盛穗历期
Duration of full
heading
抽穗历期
Duration of
heading
蜀21A
Shu 21A
ATS 84 86 5 8
MTS 90 92 3 5
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
ATL 94 96 3 5
MTL 102 103 4 5
ATS 90 91 5 6
MTS 94 95 3 4

Fig. 7

Flowering encounter state diagram of Chenghui 727×Shu 21A combination Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. M: restorer lines; F: sterile lines; FM: flowering meet."

Fig. 8

Flowering encounter state diagram of Yahui 2115 × Yixiang 1A combination Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. M: restorer lines; F: sterile lines; FM: flowering meet."

Fig. 9

Number of spikelets per day after panicle of the main stem of each parent Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 7

Effects of different planting methods and seedling age on seed production yield and yield components"

组合
Combination
处理
Treatment
单穴有效穗
Effective panicles per hole
单穗颖花数
Spikelets per panicle
结实率
Grain filling rate (%)
千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
实际产量
Actual yield
(kg hm-2)
成恢727×蜀21A
Chenghui 727×Shu 21A
ATL 9.83 c 177.48 a 44.84 a 26.61 a 1510.62 a
MTL 10.78 a 146.24 c 30.12 b 22.23 b 804.25 c
ATS 10.00 b 156.19 bc 33.75 b 22.98 b 999.99 b
MTS 10.00 b 167.74 ab
F
F-value
栽插方式PM 3.96 4.37 57.80** 84.46** 142.39**
秧龄SA 1.66 0.25 32.80** 58.01** 74.87**
栽插方式×秧龄
PM×SA
3.96 20.60**
雅恢2115×宜香1A
Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A
ATL 10.17 bc 138.29 a 25.42 a 28.53 a 1129.51 a
MTL 10.89 b 113.03 b 18.08 b 26.66 b 797.16 b
ATS 9.78 c 136.93 a 16.71 b 25.59 b 853.43 b
MTS 12.58 a 112.34 b 10.79 c 23.23 c 441.98 c
F
F-value
栽插方式PM 45.08** 76.09** 21.90** 37.41** 202.15**
秧龄SA 6.15* 0.13 31.89** 85.18** 145.21**
栽插方式×秧龄
PM×SA
15.70** 0.01 0.25 0.50 2.54

Fig. 10

Flower encounter diagram of parents of different mechanized seed production schemes ATLM: artificial transplanting long seedling age restorer lines; MTSF: mechanical transplanting long seedling age sterile lines; MTSM: mechanical transplanting long seedling age restorer lines. M: restorer lines; F: sterile lines; FM: flowering meet."

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doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01551
Zeng Y H, Zhang Y P, Pan X H, Zhu D F, Xiang J, Chen H Z, Zhang Y K. Effect of low temperature after flowering on grain filling and plant hormones contents in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42:1551-1559 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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