Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica,

Acta Agron Sin ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 898-908.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00924

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Optimization of Plant Density and Row Spacing for Mechanical Harvest in Winter Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

KUAI Jie1,SUN Ying-Ying1,ZUO Qing-Song2,LIAO Qing-Xi1,LENG Suo-Hu2,CHENG Yu-Gui3,CAO Shi1,WU Jiang-Sheng1,ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,*   

  1. 1 College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 3 Agricultural Institute of Yichang City, Yichang 443004, China
  • Received:2015-11-13 Revised:2016-03-14 Online:2016-06-12 Published:2016-03-21
  • Contact: 周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn E-mail:kuaijie@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2014BAD11B03), the China Agriculture Research System (NYCYTC-00510), the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203096), and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2013PY001, 2015BQ001).

Abstract:

The field experiment was conducted with the cultivar Huayouza 62, which was seeded at 15 (R15), 25 (R15), and 30 (R15) cm in row spacing and 15 (D1), 30 (D2), and 45 (D3) ×104 plants hm–2 indensity. The theoretical yield, leaf area index (LAI), pod area index (PAI), mechanical-harvested yield and yield loss were measured and calculated. Results showed that plant density and row spacing signi?cantly a?ected the seed yield of rapeseed. The yield was increased as the plant density increased or row spacing reduced. Compared with the planting patterns used by farmers (D2R25), D3R15 could achieve 14.1% increase in yield, which was the highest yield among all the treatments because of appropriate mortality, the highest LAI, PAI and the light interception (LI). Population biomass had the similar trend with yield while harvest index (HI) significantly increased with increasing plant density and row spacing. HI was significantly and negatively correlated with LI/ LAI (PAI), indicating that lower LI/ LAI (PAI) was favorable for increasing HI. Plant height and aboveground biomass reduced and root/shoot ratio increased with increasing plant density and row spacing, which led to decrease root and stem lodging. Improvement in resistance to pod shattering was also observed as plant density and row spacing increased. These changes all contributed to mechanical harvesting operations, resulting in reducing yield loss. As the regression equations showed, compared with D2R25, 43.8×104 plants ha1 in combination with 21 cm row spacing was optimum for rapeseed to maximize seed yield and minimize lodging and pod shattering so as to facilitate mechanical harvest. The combination could make the LAI increase by 21.02%, light transmittance (LT) and LI/LAI decreased by 32.47% and 17.36%; PAI increased by 15.08%, LT and LI/PAI decreased by 32.04% and 3.30%.

Key words: Rapeseed, Density, Row spacing, Mechanical harvesting, Yield

[1] 王汉中. 我国油菜产需形势分析及产业发展对策. 中国油料作物学报, 2007, 29(1): 101–105
Wang H Z. Strategy for rapeseed industry development based on the analysis of rapeseed production and demand in China. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2007, 29(1): 101–105 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 苏伟, 鲁剑巍, 周广生, 李小坤, 韩自航, 雷海霞, 免耕及直播密度对油菜生长、养分吸收和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 1519–1526
Su W, Lu J W, Zhou G S, Li X K, Han Z H, Lei H X. Effect of no-Tillage and direct sowing density on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 1519–1526 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 杨文平, 郭天财, 刘胜波, 王晨阳, 王永华, 马冬云. 行距配置对‘兰考矮早八’小麦后期群体冠层结构及其微环境的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32: 485–490
Yang W P, Guo T C, Liu S B, Wang C Y, Wang Y H, Ma D Y. Effects of row spacing in winter wheat on canopy structure and microclimate in later growth stage. J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32: 485–490 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 郑亭, 陈溢, 樊高琼, 李金刚, 李朝苏, 荣晓椒, 李国瑞, 杨文钰, 郭翔. 株行配置对带状条播小麦群体光环境及抗倒伏性能的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 1571–1582
Zheng T, Chen Y, Fan G Q, Li J G, Li C S, Rong X J, Li G R, Yang W Y, Guo X. Effects of Plant and Row Allocation on Population light environment and lodging resistance of strip sown wheat in drill. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 1571–1582 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 王俊生, 李少钦, 张耀文, 不同栽培密度对紧凑型油菜产量和主要性状的影响. 耕作与栽培, 2006, (3): 25–26
Wang J S, Li S Q, Zhang Y W. Effects of plant density on yield and main characters of rapeseed. Culture Plant, 2006, (3): 25–26 (in Chinese)
[6] 宋稀, 刘凤兰, 郑普英, 张学昆, 陆光远, 付桂萍, 程勇. 高密度种植专用油菜重要农艺性状与产量的关系分析. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 1800–1806
Song X, Liu F L, Zheng P Y, Zhang X K, Lu Y G, Fu G P, Cheng Y. Correlation analysis between agronomic traits and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for high-density planting. Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 1800–1806 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 张传胜. 油菜生产机械化配套农艺技术的研究. 中国农机化学报, 2008, (6): 91–94
Zhang C S. Sutdy on suitale cultivating technology for mechanical production of rape. J Chin Agric Mech, 2008, (6): 91–94 (in Chinese)
[8] Leach J E, Stevenson H J, Rainbow A J, Mullen L A. Effects of high plant populations on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). J Agric Sci, 1999, 132: 173–180
[9] 陈新军, 戚存扣, 高建芹,伍贻美. 不同栽培密度对杂交油菜产量的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2001, (1): 29–30
Chen X J, Qi C K, Gao J Q, Wu Y M. The influence of planting density on yield of hybrid rape. Jiangsu Agric Sci, 2001, (1): 29–30 (in Chinese)
[10] 李爱民, 张永泰, 惠飞虎, 周如美,钱善勤,范琦. 适合全程机械化作业的油菜育种新概念. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(11): 151–153
Li A M, Zhang Y T, Hui F H, Zhou R M, Qian S Q, Fan Q. Certain concepts concerning rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties which suit to whole process mechanization operation. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2005, 21(11): 151–153 (in Chinese)
[11] 董晓芳, 田保明, 姚永芳, 张艳, 张京涛, 孙弋媛, 刘云霞, 申龙, 苏彦华. 密度对油菜品种机械化收获特性的影响. 中国农学通报, 2012, 28(3): 71–74
Dong X F, Tian B M, Yao Y F, Zhang Y, Zhang J T, Sun Y Y, Liu Y X, Shen L, Su Y H. Effects of the Density on the characteristics of the mechanization harvest in Brassica napus L. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2012, 28(3): 71–74 (in Chinese)
[12] Stamp P, Kiel C. Root morphology of maize and its relationship to root lodging. J Agron Crop Sci, 1992, 168: 113–118
[13] 马均, 马文波, 田彦华, 杨建昌, 周开达, 朱庆森. 重穗型水稻植株抗倒伏能力的研究. 作物学报, 2004, 30: 143–148
Ma J, Ma W B, Tian Y H, Yang J C, Zhou K D, Zhu Q S. The culm lodging resistance of heavy panicle type of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30: 143–148 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 吴洪恺, 纪凤高, 文正怀, 袁彩勇, 韩成虎, 袁生堂. 水稻栽插不同株行距配比方式初探. 耕作与栽培, 2000, (1): 17–18
Wu H K, Ji F G, Wen Z H, Yuan C Y, Han C H, Yuan S T. Appropriate plant and row spacing for rice cultivation. Culture Plant, 2000, (1): 17–18 (in Chinese)
[15] 马卉, 徐红, 殷育峰, 刘学进, 李斌. 机插秧不同株行距配置生产力对比试验简报. 上海农业科技, 2014, (5): 45–46
Ma H, Xu H, Yin Y F, Liu X J, Li B. Contrast test in yield potential for mechanical planting rice under different row spacing. Shanghai Agric Sci Tech, 2014, (5): 45–46 (in Chinese)
[16] 魏珊珊, 王祥宇, 董树亭. 株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(2): 441–450
Wei S S, Wang X Y, Dong S T. Effects of row spacing on canopy structure and grain-filling characteristics of high-yield summer maize. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2014, 25(2): 441–450 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 周勋波, 杨国敏, 孙淑娟, 陈雨海. 不同株行距配置对夏大豆群体结构及光截获的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30: 691–697
Zhou X B, Yang G M, Sun S J, Chen Y H. Effect of different plant-row spacing on population structure and PAR interception in summer soybean. Acta Ecol Sin, 2010, 30: 691–697 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 李猛, 陈现平, 张建, 朱德慧, 程备久. 不同密度与行距配置对紧凑型玉米产量效应的研究. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(8): 132–136
Li M, Chen X P, Zhang J, Zhu D H, Cheng B J. Study on the Yield of Erectophile Type Maize under the Different Density and the Row Spacing. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2009, 25(8): 132–136 (in Chinese)
[19] 杨克军, 李明, 李振华, 栽培方式与群体结构对寒地玉米物质积累及产量形成的影响. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(11): 157–160
Yang K J, Li M, Li Z H. Effect of cultivation way and community construction on material accumulation and yield formation of frigid corn. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2005, 21(11): 157–160 (in Chinese)
[20] 刘后利. 实用油菜栽培学. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1987. p 500
Liu H L. Practical Rapeseed Cultivation. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 1987. p 500 (in Chinese)
[21] 杨阳, 蒯婕, 吴莲蓉, 刘婷婷, 孙盈盈, 左青松, 周广生, 吴江生. 多效唑处理对直播油菜机械收获相关性状及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 938–945
Yang Y, Kuai J, Wu L R, Liu T T, Sun Y Y, Zuo Q S, Zhou G S, Wu J S. Effects of paclobutrazol on yield and mechanical harvest characteristics of winter rapeseed with direct seeding treatment. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 938–945 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] Morgan C L, Bruce D M, Child R, Ladbrookea Z L, Arthura A E. Genetic variation for pod shatter resistance among lines of oilseed rape developed from synthetic B. napus. Field Crops Res, 1998, 58: 153–165
[23] 左青松, 黄海东, 曹石, 杨士芬, 廖庆喜, 冷锁虎, 吴江生, 周广生. 不同收获时期对油菜机械收获损失率及籽粒品质的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 650–656
Zuo Q S, Huang H D, Cao S, Yang S F, Liao Q X, Leng S H, Wu J S, Zhou G S. Effects of harvesting date on yield loss percentage of mechanical harvest and seed quality in rapeseed. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 650–656 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] Park S E, Benjamin L R, WatkinsonA R. The theory and application of plant competition models: an agronomic perspective. Ann Bot, 2003, 92: 741–748
[25] Angadi S V, Cutforth H W, Mcconkey B G, Gan Y. Yield adjustment by canola grown at different plant populations under semiarid conditions. Crop Sci, 2003, 43: 1358–1366
[26] Matteraa J, Romeroa L A, Cuatrína A L, Cornagliab P S, Grimoldib A A. Yield components, light interception and radiation use efficiency of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in response to row spacing. Eur J Agron, 2013, 45: 87–95
[27] Brar G, Thies W. Contribution of leaves, stem, siliques and seeds to dry matter accumulation in ripening seeds of rapeseed, Brassica napus L. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie, 1977, 82: 1–13
[28] Allen E J, Morgan D G. A quantitative analysis of the effects of nitrogen on the growth, development and yield of oilseed rape. J Agric Sci, 1972, 78: 315–324
[29] Seiter S, Altemose C E, Davis M H. Forage soybean yield and quality responses to plant density and row distance. Agron J, 2004, 96: 966–970
[30] Stapper M, Fischer R. Genotype, sowing date and plant spacing influence on high-yielding irrigated wheat in southern New South Wales. II. Growth, yield and nitrogen use. Aust J Agric Res, 1990, 41: 1021–1041
[31] Price J S, Hobson R N, Neale M A , Bruce D M. Seed losses in commercial harvesting of oilseed rape. J Agric Eng Res, 1996, 65: 183–191
[32] Rajcan I, Swanton C J. Understanding maize–weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Res, 2001, 71: 139–150
[33] Morrison M J, McVetty P B E, Scarth R. Effect of row spacing and seeding rates on summer rape in Southern Manitoba. Can J Plant Sci, 1990, 70: 127–137
[34] Sangoi L, Gracietti M A , Rampazzo C, Bianchetti P, Response of Brazilian maize hybrids from different eras to changes in plant density. Field Crops Res, 2002, 79: 39–51
[35] Kuai J, Yang Y, Sun Y Y, Zhou G S , Zuo Q S, Wu J S, Ling X X. Paclobutrazol increases canola seed yield by enhancing lodging and pod shatter resistance in Brassica napus L. Field Crops Res, 2015, 180: 10–20

[1] WANG Dan, ZHOU Bao-Yuan, MA Wei, GE Jun-Zhu, DING Zai-Song, LI Cong-Feng, ZHAO Ming. Characteristics of the annual distribution and utilization of climate resource for double maize cropping system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450.
[2] WANG Wang-Nian, GE Jun-Zhu, YANG Hai-Chang, YIN Fa-Ting, HUANG Tai-Li, KUAI Jie, WANG Jing, WANG Bo, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, FU Ting-Dong. Adaptation of feed crops to saline-alkali soil stress and effect of improving saline-alkali soil [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462.
[3] YAN Jia-Qian, GU Yi-Biao, XUE Zhang-Yi, ZHOU Tian-Yang, GE Qian-Qian, ZHANG Hao, LIU Li-Jun, WANG Zhi-Qin, GU Jun-Fei, YANG Jian-Chang, ZHOU Zhen-Ling, XU Da-Yong. Different responses of rice cultivars to salt stress and the underlying mechanisms [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475.
[4] YANG Huan, ZHOU Ying, CHEN Ping, DU Qing, ZHENG Ben-Chuan, PU Tian, WEN Jing, YANG Wen-Yu, YONG Tai-Wen. Effects of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield of maize-legume strip intercropping system [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487.
[5] QIN Lu, HAN Pei-Pei, CHANG Hai-Bin, GU Chi-Ming, HUANG Wei, LI Yin-Shui, LIAO Xiang-Sheng, XIE Li-Hua, LIAO Xing. Screening of rapeseed germplasms with low nitrogen tolerance and the evaluation of its potential application as green manure [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1488-1501.
[6] CHEN Jing, REN Bai-Zhao, ZHAO Bin, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-Wang. Regulation of leaf-spraying glycine betaine on yield formation and antioxidation of summer maize sowed in different dates [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[7] LI Yi-Jun, LYU Hou-Quan. Effect of agricultural meteorological disasters on the production corn in the Northeast China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545.
[8] SHI Yan-Yan, MA Zhi-Hua, WU Chun-Hua, ZHOU Yong-Jin, LI Rong. Effects of ridge tillage with film mulching in furrow on photosynthetic characteristics of potato and yield formation in dryland farming [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297.
[9] YAN Xiao-Yu, GUO Wen-Jun, QIN Du-Lin, WANG Shuang-Lei, NIE Jun-Jun, ZHAO Na, QI Jie, SONG Xian-Liang, MAO Li-Li, SUN Xue-Zhen. Effects of cotton stubble return and subsoiling on dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, and yield of cotton in coastal saline-alkali soil [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247.
[10] KE Jian, CHEN Ting-Ting, WU Zhou, ZHU Tie-Zhong, SUN Jie, HE Hai-Bing, YOU Cui-Cui, ZHU De-Quan, WU Li-Quan. Suitable varieties and high-yielding population characteristics of late season rice in the northern margin area of double-cropping rice along the Yangtze River [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016.
[11] LI Rui-Dong, YIN Yang-Yang, SONG Wen-Wen, WU Ting-Ting, SUN Shi, HAN Tian-Fu, XU Cai-Long, WU Cun-Xiang, HU Shui-Xiu. Effects of close planting densities on assimilate accumulation and yield of soybean with different plant branching types [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 942-951.
[12] WANG Lyu, CUI Yue-Zhen, WU Yu-Hong, HAO Xing-Shun, ZHANG Chun-Hui, WANG Jun-Yi, LIU Yi-Xin, LI Xiao-Gang, QIN Yu-Hang. Effects of rice stalks mulching combined with green manure (Astragalus smicus L.) incorporated into soil and reducing nitrogen fertilizer rate on rice yield and soil fertility [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 952-961.
[13] DU Hao, CHENG Yu-Han, LI Tai, HOU Zhi-Hong, LI Yong-Li, NAN Hai-Yang, DONG Li-Dong, LIU Bao-Hui, CHENG Qun. Improving seed number per pod of soybean by molecular breeding based on Ln locus [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 565-571.
[14] CHEN Yun, LI Si-Yu, ZHU An, LIU Kun, ZHANG Ya-Jun, ZHANG Hao, GU Jun-Fei, ZHANG Wei-Yang, LIU Li-Jun, YANG Jian-Chang. Effects of seeding rates and panicle nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and quality in good taste rice cultivars under direct sowing [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 656-666.
[15] YUAN Jia-Qi, LIU Yan-Yang, XU Ke, LI Guo-Hui, CHEN Tian-Ye, ZHOU Hu-Yi, GUO Bao-Wei, HUO Zhong-Yang, DAI Qi-Gen, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Nitrogen and density treatment to improve resource utilization and yield in late sowing japonica rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 667-681.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!