不同类型籼粳杂交稻产量和品质性状差异及其与灌浆结实期气候因素间的相关性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01548

Abstract

Abstract:

Abstract: In order to find out the reasons for quality performance difference in different indica/japonica hybrid rice varieties, a field experiment was conducted with 18 early maturing late indica/japonica hybrid rice varieties (lines), among them three representative types of indica/japonica hybrid rice (including Type A: good quality with high yield; Type B: bad quality with high yield; Type C: bad quality and low yield) were screened according to them yield, cooking and eating quality. The variation in the yield and quality of different types of indica/japonica hybrid rice was studied. The average yields of A and B were 22.66% and 22.26% higher than there of C respectively, due to more panicles per unit area and large number of spikelets per panicle of A and B. The rates of brown rice and head milled rice of A were 1.9% to 2.5% and 13.9% to 22.7% higher than those of B and C respectively. Compared with A, the average chalky rate and chalkiness of B and C were 43.3% to 47.5% and 64.5% to 71.4% higher. The average amylose contents were 31.7% and 33% higher in B and C than in A, and the average gel consistency was 4.0% and 4.5% longer in A than in B and C respectively. Type A had the highest peak viscosity, breakdown, and the lowest setback. There was no significant differences in protein content among three types of indica/japonica hybrid rice. The temperature during the grain filling period was negatively correlated with the processing quality, appearance quality, the cooking and eating quality of indica/japonica hybrid rice. Therefore, in addition to genetic factors, through reasonable sowing date or cultivation management regulation, we can get relatively low temperature at grain filling stage of rice, which is conducive to the synchronous improvement in appearance quality and cooking and eating quality.

Key words: indica/japonica hybrid rice, yield, difference of quality

Dong XU, Ying ZHU, Lei ZHOU, Chao HAN, Lei-Ming ZHENG, Hong-Cheng ZHANG, Hai-Yan WEI, Yu WANG, An-Ye LIAO, Shi-Bo CAI. Differences in Yield and Grain Quality among Various Types of Indica/japonica Hybrid Rice and Correlation between Quality and Climatic Factors during Grain Filling Period[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(10): 1548-1559.

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	Zhang Y X, Ding Y F, Li G H, Wang Q S, Huang P S, Wang S H . Starch structure and paste property of rice with different amylose content. Acta Agron Sin, 2007,33:1201-1205 (in Chinese with English abstract)
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	Li C, Wei H H, Xu J W, Wang Z J, Xu K, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Wei H Y, Guo B W . Characteristics of nitrogen uptake, utilization and translocation in the indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2016,22:1177-1186 (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.15355

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指标 Index	变幅大小 Variable amplitude	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 CV (%)
单位面积穗数 No. of panicles	170.25-227.93 (×10⁴ hm^-2)	187.67 (×10⁴ hm^-2)	16.03(×10⁴ hm^-2)	8.54
每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	238.58-330.31	277.25	39.07	14.09
结实率 Seed-setting rate	80.38%-86.97%	83.76%	2.38%	2.84
千粒重 1000-grain weight	20.61-25.65 g	22.54 g	1.60 g	7.10
产量 Yield	8.74-11.06 t hm^-2	10.11 t hm^-2	1.78 t hm^-2	17.61
糙米率 BR	81.87%-85.76%	83.76%	1.10%	1.31
整精米率 HMR	53.12%-68.36%	58.74%	4.49%	7.65
长宽比 L/W	2.68-3.25	2.89	0.099%	3.43
垩白率 CR	15.79%-24.69%	21.04%	2.74%	13.02
垩白度 CD	1.97%-3.67%	2.83%	0.23%	7.95
直链淀粉含量 AC	13.52%-20.18%	17.95%	2.22%	12.37
蛋白质含量 PC	8.45%-9.48%	8.96%	0.31%	3.46
胶稠度 GC	67.34-71.32 mm	68.65 mm	1.26 mm	1.84
食味值 Comprehensive	34-71	53.95	18.03	33.42

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	拔节期 Jointing (month/day)	抽穗期 Heading (month/day)	成熟期 Maturity (month/day)	日平均温度 Mean daily temperature (°C)	积温 Accumulated temperature (°C)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	日照时数 Sunshine hours (h)
A	甬优1540	7/22	8/28	10/25	23.58	787.64	597.1	151.5
	Yongyou 1540	7/22	8/28	10/25	23.58	787.64	597.1	151.5
	甬优1526	7/22	8/29	10/26	23.57	787.06	597.1	144.6
	Yongyou 1526	7/22	8/29	10/26	23.57	787.06	597.1	144.6
B	甬优7850	7/20	8/23	10/21	24.66	864.94	566.6	183.6
	Yongyou 7850	7/20	8/23	10/21	24.66	864.94	566.6	183.6
	甬优4543	7/21	8/24	10/21	24.65	849.70	566.6	176.4
	Yongyou 4543	7/21	8/24	10/21	24.65	849.70	566.6	176.4
C	甬优5356	7/20	8/22	10/20	24.66	864.94	566.6	191.6
	Yongyou 5356	7/20	8/22	10/20	24.66	864.94	566.6	191.6
	甬优7826	7/20	8/24	10/21	24.65	849.70	566.6	176.4
	Yongyou 7826	7/20	8/24	10/21	24.65	849.70	566.6	176.4

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	单位面积穗数 No. of panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)
2015
A	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	202.15	318.91	84.12	21.69	10.62
	甬优1526 Yongyou 1526	204.80	321.54	81.91	21.12	10.79
	平均值Mean	203.48 Aa	320.23 Aa	83.02 Aa	21.41 Aa	10.71 Aa
B	甬优7850 Yongyou 7850	203.26	320.65	83.96	21.24	10.73
	甬优4543 Yongyou 4543	201.12	316.89	82.87	20.91	10.67
	平均值Mean	202.19 Aa	318.77 Aa	83.42 Aa	21.08 Aa	10.70 Aa
C	甬优5356 Yongyou 5356	186.39	251.36	86.37	21.58	8.73
	甬优7826 Yongyou 7826	185.51	249.80	84.89	22.98	8.74
	平均值Mean	185.95 Bb	250.58 Bb	85.63 Aa	22.28 Aa	8.74 Bb
2016
A	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	203.50	318.59	81.55	21.55	10.57
	甬优1526 Yongyou 1526	204.62	327.06	85.08	20.68	10.98
	平均值Mean	204.06 Aa	322.83 Aa	83.32 Aa	21.12 Aa	10.78 Aa
B	甬优7850 Yongyou 7850	202.90	315.00	83.75	21.70	10.54
	甬优4543 Yongyou 4543	204.40	317.75	82.66	20.95	10.89
	平均值Mean	203.65 Aa	316.36 Aa	83.21 Aa	21.33 Aa	10.72 Aa
C	甬优5356 Yongyou 5356	183.20	249.11	86.03	22.73	8.72
	甬优7826 Yongyou 7826	188.30	259.40	85.86	21.20	8.87
	平均值Mean	185.75 Bb	254.25 Bb	85.95 Aa	21.97 Aa	8.78 Bb

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	食味值 Comprehensive	外观 Appearance	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡度 Balance degree
A	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	68.00	6.50	6.50	6.90	6.70
	甬优1526 Yongyou 1526	71.00	6.80	6.70	7.30	6.80
	平均值Mean	69.5 Aa	6.7 Aa	6.6 Ab	7.1 Aa	6.8 Aa
B	甬优7850 Yongyou 7850	51.00	3.90	8.50	3.90	3.80
	甬优4543 Yongyou 4543	50.00	3.80	8.10	3.80	3.60
	平均值Mean	50.5 Bb	3.9 Bb	8.3 Aa	3.9 Bb	3.7 Bb
C	甬优5356 Yongyou 5356	54.00	4.40	7.60	4.70	4.40
	甬优7826 Yongyou 7826	55.00	4.20	7.50	4.30	4.20
	平均值Mean	54.5 Bb	4.3 Bb	7.6 Aa	4.5 Bb	4.3 Bb

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head milled rice rate (%)	长宽比 L/W (mm)	垩白率 CR (%)	垩白度 CD (%)
A	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	84.09	66.89	2.89	16.53	2.09
	甬优1526 Yongyou 1526	84.44	68.36	2.88	15.79	1.97
	平均值Mean	84.27 Aa	67.72 Aa	2.87 Ab	16.16 Bb	2.03 Bb
B	甬优7850 Yongyou 7850	82.64	58.77	2.92	23.96	3.57
	甬优4543 Yongyou 4543	82.81	60.11	2.91	22.35	3.10
	平均值Mean	82.72 ABb	59.44 ABb	2.92 Aa	23.16 Aa	3.34 Aa
C	甬优5356 Yongyou 5356	81.87	53.12	2.92	24.68	3.67
	甬优7826 Yongyou 7826	82.56	57.23	2.92	22.98	3.30
	平均值Mean	82.21 Bb	55.18 Bb	2.92 Aa	23.83 Aa	3.48 Aa

Differences in Yield and Grain Quality among Various Types of Indica/japonica Hybrid Rice and Correlation between Quality and Climatic Factors during Grain Filling Period

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类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	胶稠度 GC (mm)	直链淀粉含量 AC (%)	蛋白质含量 PC (%)
A	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	71.32	15.10	8.57
	甬优1526 Yongyou 1526	70.96	15.02	8.45
	平均值Mean	71.04 Aa	15.06 Bb	8.51 Aa
B	甬优7850 Yongyou 7850	68.76	19.89	9.00
	甬优4543 Yongyou 4543	67.81	19.76	9.07
	平均值Mean	68.29 Ab	19.83 Aa	9.04 Aa
C	甬优5356 Yongyou 5356	67.86	20.18	8.83
	甬优7826 Yongyou 7826	68.05	19.87	8.52
	平均值Mean	67.96 Ab	20.03 Aa	8.68 Aa

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity	热浆黏度 Trough viscosity	崩解值 Breakdown	最终黏度 Final viscosity	消减值 Setback
A	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	2621	1396	1225	2362	-259
	甬优1526 Yongyou 1526	2516	1273	1242	2252	-264
	平均值Mean	2568.5 Aa	1334.5 Aa	1233.5 Aa	2307 Aa	-261.5 Ab
B	甬优7850 Yongyou 7850	2253	1232	1021	2020	-233
	甬优4543 Yongyou 4543	2275	1202	1073	2035	-240
	平均值Mean	2264 Ab	1217 Aab	1047 Bb	2027.5Aab	-236.5 Aa
C	甬优5356 Yongyou 5356	1998	1012	986	1768	-230
	甬优7826 Yongyou 7826	2075	1022	1053	1845	-230
	平均值Mean	2036.5 Ab	1017 Ab	1019.5 Bb	1806.5 Ab	-230 Aa

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	起始温度 T_o (°C)	峰值温度 T_p (°C)	终止温度 T_c (°C)	胶凝热焓值 ΔH_gel (J g^-1)	回生热焓值 ΔH_ret (J g^-1)	回生值 %R
A	甬优1540 Yongyou 1540	59.2	62.9	75.6	9.44	1.69	17.9
	甬优1526 Yongyou 1526	59.1	63.1	75.5	10.72	1.79	16.7
	平均值Mean	59.15 Bc	63.00 Ab	75.55 Bc	10.08 Aa	1.74 Ab	17.30 Bc
B	甬优7850 Yongyou 7850	59.9	63.5	77.4	6.81	2.77	40.68
	甬优4543 Yongyou 4543	59.8	63.5	77.3	6.86	2.84	41.40
	平均值Mean	59.85 Aa	63.50 Aa	77.35 Aa	6.83 Ab	2.80 Aa	41.04 Aa
C	甬优5356 Yongyou 5356	59.5	63.9	76.2	7.54	2.78	36.87
	甬优7826 Yongyou 7826	59.5	63.8	76.5	7.40	2.53	34.19
	平均值Mean	59.50 ABb	63.85 Aa	76.35 ABb	7.47 Ab	2.66 Aa	35.53 Ab

指标 Index	降雨量 Rainfall	日照时数 SH	日均温度 MDT	积温 AT	生育期 GP	糙米率 BR	整精米率 HMR	长宽比 L/W	垩白率 CR
糙米率BR	0.939^**	-0.988^**	-0.950^**	-0.960^**	0.983^**
整精米率HMR	0.912^*	-0.970^**	-0.924^**	-0.936^**	0.961^**	0.994^**
长宽比L/W	-0.934^**	0.948^**	0.944^**	0.939^**	-0.963^**	-0.945^**	-0.922^**
垩白率CR	-0.977^**	0.990^**	0.984^**	0.995^**	-0.989^**	-0.980^**	-0.962^**	0.959^**
垩白度CD	-0.961^**	0.989^**	0.970^**	0.992^**	-0.976^**	-0.975^**	-0.960^**	0.954^**	0.997^**

指标 Index	降雨量 Rainfall	日照时数 SH	日均温度 MDT	积温 AT	生育期 GP
胶稠度 GC	0.975^**	-0.909^*	-0.971^**	-0.938^**	0.959^**
直链淀粉含量 AC	-0.998^**	0.961^**	0.999^**	0.988^**	-0.988^**
蛋白质含量 PC	-0.882^*	0.761	0.875^*	0.848^*	-0.815^*
起始温度 T_o	-0.857^*	0.787	0.858^*	0.856^*	-0.808
峰值温度 T_p	-0.897^*	0.889^*	0.898^*	0.891^*	-0.905^*
终止温度 T_c	-0.825^*	0.707	0.818^*	0.801	-0.750
胶凝热焓值 ΔH_gel	0.950^**	-0.905^*	-0.954^**	-0.932^**	0.944^**
回生热焓值 ΔH_ret	-0.977^**	0.939^**	0.977^**	0.974^**	-0.958^**
峰值黏度 PV	0.891^*	-0.896^*	-0.894^*	-0.892^*	0.906^*
热浆黏度 TV	0.754	-0.738	-0.752	-0.734	0.762
崩解值 BD	0.961^**	-0.995^**	-0.970^**	-0.990^**	0.983^**
最终黏度 FV	0.882^*	-0.888^*	-0.884^*	-0.883^*	0.897^*
消减值 SB	-0.968^**	0.931^**	0.970^**	0.957^**	-0.960^**
食味值 Comprehensive	0.973^**	-0.918^**	-0.974^**	-0.957^**	0.954^**
外观 Appearance	0.985^**	-0.910^*	-0.983^**	-0.959^**	0.955^**
硬度 Hardness	-0.882^*	0.814^*	0.878^*	0.893^*	-0.821^*
黏度 Viscosity	0.975^**	-0.890^*	-0.972^**	-0.945^**	0.939^**
平衡度 Balance degree	0.981^**	-0.895^*	-0.977^**	-0.952^**	0.941^**

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