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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 920-930.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00920

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Mixed-cropping with Different Varieties on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize under Close Planting Condition

Dan-Dan HU,Ji-Wang ZHANG,Peng LIU,Bin ZHAO,Shu-Ting DONG()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2017-11-08 Accepted:2018-03-26 Online:2018-06-12 Published:2018-04-08
  • Contact: Shu-Ting DONG E-mail:stdong@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071358);This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30871476);the National “12th Five-Year” Science and Technology Support Plan(2013BAD07B06-2);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-20);the Special Fund for Agro-scien- tific Research in the Public Interest(HY20121203100);the Special Fund for Agro-scien- tific Research in the Public Interest(HY1203096);and the Funds for Financial Support to Agriculture in Shandong Province(2014)

Abstract:

During the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in Shandong, a province in the North China Plain, using Zhengdan 958 and Denghai 605 for five treatments, including M (random sowing after mixing in the same proportion), 1:1 (raw ratio of ZD958 to DH605 is 1:1), 2:2 (raw ratio of ZD958 to DH605 is 2:2), and two monoculture treatments (SDH605 and SDH605). This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of mixed-cropping on grain yield, amount of dry matter of groups, net photosynthetic rate, anti-oxidative metabolism, canopy structure of summer maize under a density of 82 500 plants ha -1. The two-year results showed that mixed-cropping significantly improved canopy light transmittance, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities and soluble protein content increased significantly, but the content of MDA decreased under mixed-cropping. The grain yield of summer maize increased significantly under mixed-cropping, due to the increase in grains per spike and 1000-kernel weight. Compared with SZD958 and SDH605, the two-year average grain yields of M, 1:1, 2:2 increased by 11.47%, 8.70%, 8.48% and 9.30%, 6.42%, 6.20%, respectively. There were no significant difference among M, 1:1 and 2:2 treatments. Mixed-cropping formed high-efficiency canopy structure, created better aeration and transmittance conditions, delayed leaf senescence, slowed down the decrease of leaf area index and chlorophyll content after anthesis, maintained higher net photosynthetic rate and increased dry matter accumulation, eventually resulted in the higher grain yield of summer maize. It is concluded that mixed-cropping with reasonable varieties can significantly increase the yield of close planting summer maize, which is one of the optional cultivation patterns to increase maize yield in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain.

Key words: summer maize, high plant density, mixed-cropping, photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield

Table 1

Variety characteristics of Zhengdan958 and Denghai605"

品种
Variety
生育时期
Growth stage (d)
株高
Plant height (cm)
株型
Plant type
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 110 260 紧凑, 上部叶片宽而大Compact, with wide and large upper leaves
登海605 Denghai 605 107 250 紧凑, 上部叶片窄而尖Compact, with narrow and sharpe upper leaves

Table 2

Effects of mixed-cropping on grain yield and yield components of summer maize"

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
穗数
Ear number (ears hm-2)
穗粒数
Grains per ear
千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)
产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2016 SZD958 78281.1 a 475.8 cd 356.1 b 10115.1 c
SDH605 78455.6 a 470.3 d 351.0 b 10420.7 bc
M 79850.6 a 513.9 a 371.8 a 11522.3 a
1:1ZD958 79037.5 a 505.2 a 354.9 b 11159.6 a
1:1DH605 80033.3 a 483.3 bc 366.4 a
2:2ZD958 79842.3 a 489.3 b 366.3 a 11049.5 ab
2:2DH605 78693.8 a 484.4 bc 372.4 a
2017 SZD958 78953.3 a 462.5 c 343.5 e 10850.2 b
SDH605 79314.2 a 464.8 c 363.0 c 11064.8 b
M 79279.2 a 484.8 a 372.3 b 11928.5 a
1:1ZD958 79359.2 a 486.2 a 353.0 d 11798.3 a
1:1DH605 79350.0 a 473.3 b 384.5 a
2:2ZD958 78852.5 a 490.0 a 357.9 cd 11826.6 a
2:2DH605 78887.5 a 473.1 b 380.1 ab

Table 3

Effects of mixed-cropping on dry matter accumulation of summer maize at different growth stages"

年份
Year
生育时期
Growth
stage
处理
Treatment
干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg hm-2)
茎秆
Stalk
叶片
Leaf
雄穗
Tassel
苞叶
Husk
穗轴
Cob
籽粒
Grain
雌穗
Ear
植株
Plant
2016 VT SZD958 4692.6 ab 2693.4 bc 370.2 abc 924.3 bc 518.9 c 9199.4 c
SDH605 4605.7 b 2583.4 c 373.2 ab 860.2 c 452.7 d 8875.1 d
M 4958.5 a 2896.0 a 317.1 bc 1026.9 b 608.9 a 9807.3 a
1:1ZD958 4823.8 ab 2792.6 ab 279.7 c 860.5 c 481.0 d 9237.5 c
1:1DH605 4791.3 ab 2784.9 ab 414.7 a 865.4 c 521.7 c 9378.1 bc
2:2ZD958 4911.2 a 2700.5 bc 382.3 ab 1199.6 a 527.5 c 9720.9 ab
2:2DH605 4840.8 ab 2785.2 ab 329.2 abc 990.6 bc 560.5 b 9506.2 abc
R6 SZD958 4149.8 b 2425.5 c 236.5 b 825.5 ab 1672.0 ab 13684.0 b 23020.3 c
SDH605 4224.0 ab 2579.5 bc 184.3 cd 891.0 ab 1556.5 bc 13593.3 b 23028.5 c
M 4237.8 ab 2841.0 a 209.0 c 814.0 abc 1452.0 cd 14176.3 a 23765.5 a
1:1ZD958 4372.5 a 2601.5 bc 189.8 cd 706.8 d 1383.3 d 14014.0 a 23267.8 bc
1:1DH605 4273.5 ab 2884.8 a 178.8 d 761.8 cd 1793.0 a 14041.5 a 23850.8 a
2:2ZD958 4317.5 ab 2656.5 b 275.0 a 836.0 abc 1553.8 bc 14024.0 a 23580.3 ab
2:2DH605 4265.3 ab 2511.5 b 242.0 b 805.8 bc 1490.5 cd 14179.0 a 23694.0 a
年份
Year
生育时期
Growth
stage
处理
Treatment
干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg hm-2)
茎秆
Stalk
叶片
Leaf
雄穗
Tassel
苞叶
Husk
穗轴
Cob
籽粒
Grain
雌穗
Ear
植株
Plant
2017 VT SZD958 4712.4 cd 2677.7 b 308.0 c 779.9 bc 138.9 d 8616.9 c
SDH605 4681.3 d 2681.3 b 188.9 d 867.9 ab 204.3 c 8706.2 c
M 5335.3 a 2907.0 a 283.3 c 931.7 a 221.9 bc 9679.2 a
1:1ZD958 5272.0 ab 2853.7 ab 440.0 a 746.9 c 227.2 bc 9506.8 ab
1:1DH605 5253.1 ab 2930.1 a 292.1 c 839.0 abc 131.5 d 9445.7 ab
2:2ZD958 5006.4 bc 2949.4a 298.7 c 852.0 ab 262.1 ab 9368.4 b
2:2DH605 5285.8 ab 2917.2 a 360.0 b 864.1 ab 295.6 a 9667.6 a
R6 SZD958 4206.7 b 2708.8 de 254.4 a 597.3 bc 1540.0 a 13016.3 c 22323.4 c
SDH605 4192.7 b 2526.7 e 121.6 c 544.5 c 1497.1 ab 13210.5 c 22093.0 c
M 4274.6 a 2847.6 abc 127.6 c 567.1 bc 1347.0 b 14466.4 a 23851.6 a
1:1ZD958 4426.1 ab 2930.7 a 193.3 b 617.9 abc 1314.2 b 14326.1 ab 23808.4 ab
1:1DH605 4502.0 a 2571.5 cd 148.8 c 517.0 c 1572.5 a 14034.1 ab 23345.9 b
2:2ZD958 4496.0 ab 2912.3 ab 277.2 a 727.1 a 1477.9 ab 13938.1 b 23607.1 ab
2:2DH605 4424.8 ab 2771.7 bc 134.5 c 665.8 ab 1465.5 ab 13902.9 b 23365.1 b

Fig. 1

Effects of mixed-cropping on LAI of summer maize ZD958: Zhengdan 958; DH605: Denghai 605. S: monoculture; M: random sowing at the same proportion; 1:1: raw ratio of ZD958 to DH605 is 1:1; 2:2: raw ratio of ZD958 to DH605 is 2:2. V6: jointing stage; V12: male tetrad stage; VT: tasseling stage; VT+10: 10 days after anthesis; VT+30: 30 days after anthesis; VT+50: 50 days after anthesis."

Fig. 2

Effects of mixed-cropping on canopy light transmission of summer maize ZD958: Zhengdan 958; DH605: Denghai 605. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 3

Effects of mixed-cropping on leaf chlorophyll content of summer maize Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 4

Effects of mixed-cropping on leaf net photosynthetic rate of summer maize Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 4

Effects of mixed-cropping on SOD and POD activities in leaves of summer maize"

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
SOD (U g-1 FW min-1) POD (U g-1 FW min-1)
VT VT+10 VT+30 VT+50 VT VT+10 VT+30 VT+50
2016 SZD958 576.3 b 607.3 b 350.4 c 242.9 c 198.6 ab 220.1 a 197.0 c 142.9 d
SDH605 580.1 ab 602.6 ab 356.7 b 255.6 b 200.2 ab 221.2 a 199.6 bc 144.5 d
M 578.4 ab 607.4 a 362.3 a 265.8 a 201.0 ab 224.5 a 206.8 a 152.3 ab
1:1 ZD958 577.1 b 606.7 a 362.4 a 256.7 b 199.6 ab 220.6 a 203.5 ab 150.4 bc
1:1 DH605 584.0 a 596.0 b 357.0 b 265.9 a 198.1 b 224.1 a 203.2 ab 149.9 c
2:2 ZD958 581.7 ab 602.2 ab 358.0 ab 255.9 b 200.3 ab 223.3 a 199.1 bc 145.2 d
2:2 DH605 583.4 a 605.9 a 360.6 ab 254.6 b 201.7 a 221.7 a 203.0 ab 152.8 a
2017 SZD958 593.0 a 614.0 ab 359.1 c 256.2 c 202.0 a 234.5 ab 198.6 c 148.5 c
SDH605 589.4 a 610.6 ab 366.6 bc 262.3 c 204.8 a 232.8 b 205.0 bc 154.2 bc
M 588.4 a 616.1 a 380.9 a 279.1 ab 205.0 a 238.5 ab 213.5 a 165.6 a
1:1 ZD958 583.8 a 614.3 ab 374.7 ab 273.4 b 203.9 a 242.3 ab 210.5 ab 163.7 ab
1:1 DH605 592.3 a 609.3 b 380.9 a 281.6 a 200.8 a 244.1 a 213.6 a 164.2 a
2:2 ZD958 591.7 a 608.9 b 381.4 a 280.2 ab 203.6 a 239.9 ab 212.4 a 161.9 ab
2:2 DH605 590.1 a 612.6 ab 377.3 a 283.0 a 205.1 a 238.6 ab 213.6 a 164.8 a

Table 5

Effects of mixed-cropping on MDA and soluble protein contents in leaves of summer maize"

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
MDA (μmol mg-1 FW) 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg g-1 FW)
VT VT+10 VT+30 VT+50 VT VT+10 VT+30 VT+50
2016 SZD958 15.5 ab 19.0 bc 24.9 a 37.3 b 26.0 a 30.3 bc 37.6 b 25.4 d
SDH605 15.2 bc 18.5 c 24.7 ab 38.4 a 26.2 a 30.8 b 37.7 b 25.7 cd
M 15.0 bc 20.0 a 23.1 d 33.8 e 25.5 b 32.4 a 39.0 a 26.7 a
1:1 ZD958 14.9 c 19.5 ab 24.0 c 35.2 d 25.5 bc 30.8 b 38.4 ab 26.0 bc
1:1 DH605 15.0 bc 19.0 bc 24.3 bc 36.4 c 25.6 b 29.6 c 38.9 a 26.4 ab
2:2 ZD958 15.9 a 19.5 ab 23.8 c 34.4 de 25.3 cd 29.5 c 38.4 ab 26.6 a
2:2 DH605 15.4 abc 19.1 bc 24.1 b 37.4 b 25.2 d 30.7 b 38.9 a 26.5 ab
2017 SZD958 15.2 a 18.9 ab 24.4 ab 37.0 a 25.4 a 29.7 b 34.9 c 24.4 c
SDH605 14.9 a 18.7 ab 24.6 a 37.3 a 24.6 b 30.1 ab 35.2 bc 24.9 bc
M 14.5 a 18.1 b 22.7 c 33.8 c 25.2 ab 31.1 a 36.3 a 26.0 a
1:1 ZD958 14.2 a 18.1 b 23.0 c 34.0 c 25.0 ab 29.7 ab 36.0 ab 25.4 ab
1:1 DH605 14.8 a 18.3 ab 23.4 bc 35.4 b 24.6 ab 29.3 b 36.5 a 25.8 a
2:2 ZD958 14.6 a 19.1 a 22.9 c 34.7 bc 25.1 ab 29.5 b 36.1 a 25.7 a
2:2 DH605 14.7 a 18.5 ab 23.3 bc 35.5 b 25.4 ab 29.8 ab 36.4 a 25.2 a
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