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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 992-1004.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43041

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Effects of drip fertigation with dense planting on yield and soil bacterial community of summer maize in Southwest China

SONG Li1,5,6(), LIU Guang-Zhou2, ZHANG Hua3, LU Ting-Qi3, QING Chun-Yan3, YANG Yun-Shan4, GUO Xiao-Xia4, Hu Dan5, LI Shao-Kun1,6, HOU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation / Key Laboratory of Water- Saving Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province / College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    3Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621023, Sichuan, China
    4The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group / College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
    5Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, Xizang, China
    6School of Agriculture, Anhui Science and technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China
  • Received:2024-08-21 Accepted:2025-01-23 Online:2025-04-12 Published:2025-02-08
  • Contact: E-mail: houpeng@caas.cn
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1900603)

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Abstract:

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, contributing significantly to the maintenance of soil ecosystem health. This study investigated the effects of drip fertigation combined with dense planting on summer maize yield and soil bacterial communities in Southwest China. Two treatments were established: traditional water and fertilizer management (F) and drip fertigation with dense planting (H). High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to analyze the impact of these treatments on soil bacterial communities. The results revealed that the H treatment significantly increased maize yield and biomass by 30.92% and 56.03%, respectively, compared to the F treatment. Additionally, the H treatment markedly enhanced soil bacterial community diversity at different growth stages and altered bacterial community structure in 2022. At the taxonomic level, the H treatment increased the relative abundance of certain phyla, including Patescibacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, as well as specific genera such as Chujaibacter, Sphingomonas, Jatrophihabitans, and Flavisolibacter. In contrast, the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota in the F treatment was associated with yield, while the relative abundance of Sphingomonas in the H treatment was linked to biomass. Furthermore, at the maturity stage, the relative abundance of bacterial communities from three phyla (Myxococcota, Acidobacteriota, and Gemmatimonadota) and two genera (Ellin6067 and Gemmatimonas) in the H treatment was correlated with both biomass and yield. Notably, no such correlations were observed in the F treatment. Functional predictions using PICRUSt2 demonstrated that the H treatment enhanced the metabolic capacity of soil bacteria, particularly in pathways related to amino acid metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation, glycan biosynthesis, and other metabolic processes. In conclusion, compared to traditional water and fertilizer management, drip fertigation with dense planting not only improved soil bacterial community diversity and metabolic capacity but also increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial phyla (Patescibacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota) and genera (Chujaibacter, Sphingomonas, Jatrophihabitans, and Flavisolibacter). This treatment influenced yield directly or indirectly by reducing the relative abundance of potentially harmful bacteria (Gemmatimonadota) and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Sphingomonas).

Key words: dense planting, drip fertigation, summer maize, yield, bacterial community

Fig. 1

Daily mean temperature and daily rainfall during the growth period of summer maize in 2022-2023"

Table 1

Fertilizer dosage for different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 施肥时期
Fertilization stage		 施肥总量(纯量)
Total fertilizer (net amount) (kg hm-2)
N P2O5 K2O
密植滴灌水肥一体化
Drip fertigation with dense planting		 播种前Pre-planting 86.40 99.75 75.00
拔节期Jointing stage 59.73 42.75 30.00
大喇叭口期Megaphone stage 59.73 — 30.00
吐丝期Silking stage 44.80 — 15.00
乳熟期Milky stage 37.34 — —
总量Total amount 288.00 142.50 150.00
传统水肥管理
Traditional water-fertilizer management		 播种前Pre-planting 154.13 36.75 52.50
拔节期Jointing stage 138.00 — —
总量Total amount 292.13 36.75 52.50

Fig. 2

Biomass and yield at maturity F: traditional water-fertilizer treatment. H: drip fertigation with dense planting treatment. A and C denote the yield and biomass in 2022, respectively. B and D denote the yield and biomass in 2023, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 level."

Fig. 3

Alpha diversity index of soil bacterial communities at silking and maturity stages Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 4

PCoA analysis (A) and NMDS ordination (B) of soil bacterial communities at silking and maturity stages Anosim: analysis of similarities. NMDS: non-metric multidimensional scaling. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 5

Relative abundance of species in soil bacterial communities at the phylum (A) and genus (B) taxonomic levels at silking and maturity stages"

Fig. 6

Spearman’s correlation analysis of relative abundance of soil bacterial community with biomass and yield at phylum (A) and genus (B) levels * indicates significant correlation at the 0.05 level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 7

Prediction and analysis of bacterial community function under different treatments at the silking and maturity stages (secondary metabolic pathway) * and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

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