化学调控及其他栽培措施在小麦抗倒伏高产栽培中的应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41066

Abstract

Abstract:

Lodging has always been a key factor limiting the high and stable yield of wheat. Chemical anti-lodging regulator is an effective strategy to reduce lodging risk. Chemical anti-lodging regulators (CARs) spraying can control wheat growth, improve stem strength, and prevent lodging. However, the research and application of chemical control and lodging resistance in wheat high-yield cultivation have not been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, this paper collected and sorted out the wheat CARs registered in China, summarized the characteristics, efficacy and effects of different CARs on wheat stem structure and composition, root system, canopy structure, crop productivity and quality, and summarized the suitable application period of different CARs in realizing the synergistic improvement of wheat yield and lodging resistance with the goal of high yield and anti-lodging. In addition, the management measures of wheat lodging resistance (tillage mode, suitable density, nutrient level and water management), evaluation methods of wheat lodging resistance and the influence of CARs on key indicators were summarized. The research direction of CARs in wheat anti-lodging high-yield cultivation was prospected, aiming at providing precise control measures and theoretical support for promoting wheat high-yield and stable yield.

Key words: wheat, yield, lodging resistance, chemical anti-lodging regulators, growth and development, cultivation management measures

LI Hui-Min, XING Zhi-Peng, ZHANG Hai-Peng, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, LI Guang-Yan. Application of chemical regulators and other cultivation measures in lodging resistance and high-yield cultivation of wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(4): 847-862.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Registration information of commonly used wheat CARs"

名称 Name	剂型 Dosage form	总有效成分含量 Total active ingredient content	防治目标 Control objective	用药量 Dosage	施用方法 Application method
矮壮素 CCC	水剂 AS	50%	调节生长 Regulated growth	300-500倍液 300-500 times liquid	喷雾Spraying
			防止倒伏, 提高产量 Prevent lodging and increase yield	3%-5%药液, 100-400倍液 3%-5% liquid, 100-400 times liquid	拌种, 返青、拔节期喷雾 Seed soaking, greening and jointing stages spray
			调节生长, 增产 Regulate growth and increase yield	200-400倍液 200-400 times liquid	喷雾 Spraying
	可溶粉剂 SP	80%	调节生长 Regulated growth	400-533倍液 400-533 times liquid	茎叶喷雾 Foliar spray
多唑·甲哌鎓 PBZ·Pix	可湿性粉剂 WP	10% (甲哌鎓7.5%+多效唑2.5%) 10% (Pix 7.5%+ PBZ 2.5%)	调节生长 Regulated growth	333-500倍液, 300-500倍液 333-500 times liquid, 300-500 times liquid	喷雾 Spraying
	微乳剂 ME	20% (甲哌鎓16.7%+多效唑3.3%) 20% (Pix 16.7%+ PBZ 3.3%)		450-600 mL hm^-2
	悬浮剂 SC	30% (甲哌鎓5%+多效唑25%) 30% (Pix 5%+ PBZ 25%)		225-375 mL hm^-2, 2000-3000倍液 2000-3000 times liquid
烯效·甲哌鎓 S₃₃₀₇·Pix	微乳剂 ME	20.8% (甲哌鎓20%+烯效唑0.8%) 20.8% (Pix 20%+ S₃₃₀₇ 0.8%)	调节生长 Regulated growth	450-600 mL hm^-2	喷雾 Spraying
氯化胆碱 Cc	水剂 AS	60%	调节生长 Regulated growth	150-300 mL hm^-2	茎叶喷雾 Foliar spray
多效唑 PBZ	可湿性粉剂 WP	15%	调节生长 Regulated growth	510-600 g hm^-2	喷雾 Spraying
	悬浮剂 SC	25%		1667-2500倍液, 1700-2000倍液 1667-2500 times liquid, 1700-2000 times liquid
	悬浮剂 SC	30%		2000-3000倍液 2000-3000 times liquid
28-表芸·烯效唑 28-E·S₃₃₀₇	水剂 AS	0.751% (28-表高芸苔素内酯0.001%+烯效唑0.75%) 0.751% (28-E 0.001%+ S₃₃₀₇ 0.75%)	增产 Increase yield	250-500倍液 250-500 times liquid	浸种 Seed soaking
苄氨基嘌呤·烯效唑 6-B·S₃₃₀₇	悬浮剂 SC	10% (苄氨基嘌呤5%+烯效唑5%) 10% (6-B 5%+ S₃₃₀₇ 5%)	调节生长 Regulated growth	2500-4500倍液 2500-4500 times liquid	喷雾 Spraying
抗倒酯·烯效唑 TE·S₃₃₀₇	微乳剂 ME	10% (抗倒酯9.2%+烯效唑0.8%) 10% (TE 9.2%+ S₃₃₀₇ 0.8%)	调节生长 Regulated growth	300-450 mL hm^-2	喷雾 Spraying
调环酸钙 PC	悬浮剂 SC	10%	调节生长 Regulated growth	300-600 mL hm^-2, 375-562.5 mL hm^-2	喷雾 Spraying
调环酸钙 PC	水分散粒剂 WG	5%	调节生长 Regulated growth	750-1125 g hm^-2	喷雾 Spraying
抗倒酯 TE	微乳剂 ME	25%	防止倒伏 Prevent lodging	300-450 mL hm^-2, 225-375 mL hm^-2, 420-495 mL hm^-2	喷雾 Spraying
	可湿性粉剂 WP	25%		300-450 g hm^-2
	乳油 EC	250 g L^-1		300-495 mL hm^-2, 300-499.5 mL hm^-2

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 3

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化控防倒剂 Chemical anti-lodging regulators	施用时期 Application period	用量 Dosage	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	对产量、株高和倒伏的影响 Effect on yield, plant height, and lodging	参考文献 References
CCC	拔节期 Jointing stage	300.0 mg L^-1	8427.71	产量提高2.8%-8.2% Yield increases by 2.8% to 8.2%	[55]
CCC	拔节期 Jointing stage	2.20 kg hm^-2	8980.80	株高降低2.72 cm Plant height decreased by 2.72 cm	[56]
5% PC泡腾粒剂+25% Pix AS 5% PC EG+25% Pix AS	拔节期, 17 d后第二次 Jointing stage, the second time 17 days later	150.0+150.0 g hm^-2, 180.0+180.0 g hm^-2	9042.40	矮化率达5.37%, 株高降低3.85 cm Dwarfing rate was 5.37% and plant height was reduced by 3.85 cm	[63]
Cc	抽穗始期 The beginning of heading stage	1000.0 mg L^-1	7056.10	分蘖穗粒数增加 Number of grains per tiller increased	[62]
25% PBZ SC	拔节初期 Initial jointing stage	375.0 mL hm^-2	5709.00	倒伏率降低30.00% Lodging rate decreased by 30.00%	[64]
PBZ	拔节初期 Initial jointing stage	150.0 mg L^-1	6900.00	倒伏率降低10.03% Lodging rate decreased by 10.03%	[28]
15% PBZ WP	倒五叶期 Inverted five-leaf stage	300.0 mg L^-1	6381.76	抗倒伏指数最高10.50 g cm^-1 Highest resistance lodging index 10.50 g cm^-1	[1]
S₃₃₀₇	拌种 Seed soaking	30.0 mg L^-1	6750.00	产量最高 Highest yield	[59]
5% S₃₃₀₇ WP	起身期 Erecting stage	750.0 g hm^-2	10,668.00	株高降低5.4 cm Plant height decreased by 5.4 cm	[65]
TE	第1节间伸长期与第2节间伸长期 First internode extension stage and second internode extension stage	57.7 g hm^-2	5288.00	第2节间伸长期喷施更能够降低株高与倒伏风险 Spraying in the second internode extension stage can reduce more plant height and lodging risk	[53]

栽培管理措施 Cultivation and management measures	具体做法 Specific approach	参考文献 References
保护性耕作 Conservation tillage	整秆还田、还田免耕及深松还田等方式。 The methods of whole straw returning to field, no-tillage returning to field and deep pine returning to field, etc.	[70,72]
适宜密度 Suitable density	适当增加种植密度。 Increase planting density appropriately.	[1,73]
营养水平 Nutrition level	180-300 kg hm^-2范围内, 适当降低施氮量, 加大追肥的比例; 适量施用锰肥及钾肥。 In the range of 180-300 kg hm^-2, the nitrogen application amount should be reduced appropriately and the proportion of topdressing should be increased; appropriate application of manganese fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.	[74⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-80]
水分管理 Water management	黄淮麦区, 小麦拔节、开花期补灌2次, 避免多次补灌; 南方麦区及时排水, 避免渍害。 In Huang-huai wheat region, the supplementary irrigation of wheat at jointing and flowering stage should be performed twice to avoid multiple supplementary irrigation. South wheat area drainage in time to avoid waterlogging.	[83,85 -86]

序号 No.	倒伏指数公式 Lodging index formula	参考文献 References
1	地上部鲜重 × 重心高度/基部第2节间机械强度 Aboveground fresh weight × height of center of gravity/mechanical strength of second internode of base	[78,92,94]
2	茎秆基部弹性(离地20 cm的茎秆强度活体测量) Stem base elasticity (in vivo measurement of stem strength at 20 cm above ground)	[93]
3	节间基部至穗顶长度 × 该节间基部至穗顶鲜重/抗折力× 100 Length from internode base to apex × fresh weight from internode base to apex/bending resistance × 100	[95]
4	重心高度/茎秆机械强度 Height of center of gravity/stem mechanical strength	[55,82]
5	平均倒伏级别 × 平均倒伏面积 Average lodging class × average lodging area	[96]

Application of chemical regulators and other cultivation measures in lodging resistance and high-yield cultivation of wheat

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