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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 932-942.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41042

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comparative analysis of metabolomics of colored hulless barley and colored wheat grains

CHENG Hong-Na1,2(), QIN Dan-Dan2(), XU Fu-Chao2, XU Qing2, PENG Yan-Chun2, SUN Long-Qing2, XU Le1, GUO Ying2, YANG Xin-Quan3, XU De-Ze2,*(), DONG Jing2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, China
    2Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Food Crops / Hubei Hongshan Laboratory / Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
    3Seed Laboratory of Yazhou Bay, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China
  • Received:2024-06-13 Accepted:2024-12-12 Online:2025-04-12 Published:2024-12-23
  • Contact: E-mail: dezexu@163.com; E-mail: dongjingsir061@163.com
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-05);Research and Development of the Key Technology for Breeding and Application of Elite Silage Barley Varieties in Winter Fallow Field(2023BBB100);Creation, Application and Evaluation of New Germplasms of Functional Crops(2022ZZCX006)

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Abstract:

Colored hulless barley and wheat are valuable and unique germplasm resources, with nutrient composition and content varying among grains of different colors. In this study, metabolomic analysis based on LC-MS was applied to grains from two colored hulless barley varieties and two wheat varieties at different days after pollination, including Ehei 720135 (EH720135), Guangzhou Blue Barley (GZL), Zhongke Zimai (ZKZM), and Nongda 4218 Zi (ND4218). A total of 936 metabolites were detected across the 23 samples, comprising 379 known substances and 557 unknowns. Cluster analysis and PCA revealed significant differences in the metabolite profiles of grains at different developmental stages. Most metabolites exhibited dynamic changes throughout grain development. In total, 687 metabolites showed differential abundances between the mature seeds of the four varieties, of which 206 were significantly different between the two hulless barley varieties and the two wheat varieties. Furthermore, 308 differential metabolites were identified between the two-colored wheat varieties, and 277 between the two colored hulless barley varieties. Further analysis revealed that metabolites related to flavonoids, such as catechins, flavonoid derivatives, and chrysoeriol, were significantly more abundant in mature hulless barley grains compared to colored wheat grains, suggesting that these may be specific functional components of hulless barley. This study not only enhances our understanding of the metabolic differences between hulless barley and wheat, but also provides a theoretical foundation for the development of functional foods using colored hulless barley and colored wheat.

Key words: LC-MS, colored hulless barley, colored wheat, metabolome

Table 1

List of samples for EH720135, GZL, ZKZM, and ND4218"

授粉后天数
DAP		 EH720135 GZL ND4218 ZKZM
7 √ √ √ √
14 √ √ √ √
21 √ √ √ √
28 √ √ √ √
33 / / / M
35 √ √ M /
40 / M / /
42 √ / / /
47 M / / /

Fig. 1

Grain color changes at different days after pollination Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. a: Nongda 4218 Zi; b: Zhongkezimai; c: Ehei 720135; d: Guangzhou blue barley."

Fig. 2

Correlation analysis between different samples Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. I, II, and III represent three replicates of the same sample."

Fig. 3

Principal component analysis of the metabolites Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 4

Hierarchical cluster analysis of the metabolites Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 5

Venn diagram of differential metabolites between hulless barley and wheat at different developmental stages Figs. a, b, c, d, and e represent the differential metabolites between colored hulless barley and colored wheat grains at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days after pollination and at maturity, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 6

Classification of differential metabolites between mature grains of colored hulless barley and colored wheat"

Table 2

Comparison of metabolite content in mature grains of colored barley and wheat"

代谢物
Metabolite		 EH720135/GZL ND4218/ZKZM
上调Up 下调Down 上调Up 下调Down
氨基酸衍生物Amino acid derivative 4 6 1 20
黄酮类Flavonoid 11 36 10 24
脂质Lipid 10 3 1 7
核酸衍生物Nucleic acid derivative 16 4 6 9
有机酸Organic acid 0 1 0 2
酚胺类Phenolamide 1 8 1 17
植物激素衍生物Phytohormone derivative 1 6 0 6
总酚Ployphenol 1 2 1 7
糖类Sugar 1 0 0 0
维生素Vitamin 3 2 0 0
其他Other 6 7 5 11
未知代谢物Unknown 71 77 48 132
共计Total 125 152 73 235

Fig. 7

Cluster analysis of flavonoids which are differential metabolites between mature grains of colored barley and wheat"

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