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Metabolome and transcriptome analysis of flavonoids in peanut testa

JIN Xin-Xin,SU Qiao,SONG Ya-Hui,YANG Yong-Qing,LI Yu-Rong,WANG Jin*   

  1. Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-04-08 Revised:2024-08-15 Accepted:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-27
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-13), the Hebei Agriculture Research System (HBCT2024040101, HBCT2024040204), the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Modern Peanut Seed Industry (21326316D), and the Talents Construction Project of Science and Technology Innovation of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (2022KJCXZX-LYS-11).

Abstract:

To explore the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid components and anthocyanin biosynthesis in the color formation of peanut testa, we conducted a study using five peanut cultivars with different testa colors: pink, red, white, black, and speckled (red and white). The key metabolites and genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified using flavonoid metabolomics and transcriptomics. Our results revealed the identification of 329 flavonoid metabolites in peanut testa, with flavonols being the most abundant in both relative content and variety. We detected 19 types of anthocyanidins, including cyanidin, delphinidin, and petunidin. Most anthocyanidins were modified with glucoside, morbuside, rutin, galactoside, and other glycosides. Notably, the anthocyanin content in black testa was 22.60–66.72 times higher than that in other testa colors, with cyanidin-3-O-sambutin being the most prevalent in black testa. Different metabolites were significantly enriched in anthocyanin biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and isoflavone biosynthesis pathways in colored testa compared to white testa. The high expression levels of structural genes in the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways promoted anthocyanin accumulation in colored testa. Anthocyanin reductase (ANR) and glycosyltransferase (UGT) emerged as candidate genes involved in testa pigmentation, with the competition and activity of UGT and ANR against substrate anthocyanin determining the color pattern of peanut testa. These findings elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid substances in peanut testa color, providing valuable references for the breeding of special peanut varieties and the utilization of their nutritional value based on color differences. 

Key words: peanut, testa, flavonoids, metabolome, transcriptome

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