始花期不同干旱胁迫及复水对花生生长和产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.65028

Abstract

Abstract: To clarify the physiological responses and yield variation patterns of peanut cultivars with contrasting drought tolerance under different drought stress levels and subsequent rehydration, the drought-tolerant cultivar Huayu 22 (HY22) and the drought-sensitive cultivar Fuhua 18 (FH18) were used as experimental materials. At the initial flowering stage, plants were subjected to light, moderate, and severe drought stress, followed by rehydration for 1, 5, and 15 days. The effects of drought stress and rehydration on leaf morphological traits, cellular structure, photosynthetic function, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and yield performance were investigated in the two cultivars. The results showed that leaf relative water content and leaf area decreased in both cultivars under different drought stress levels. After 15 days of rehydration, leaf relative water content recovered to the control level in both cultivars under all drought treatments, whereas leaf area under moderate and severe drought stress still differed significantly from the control. Under drought stress, HY22 maintained stable stomatal length, whereas all stomatal parameters of FH18 were significantly affected. After 15 days of rehydration following severe drought, some stomatal parameters in both cultivars still differed significantly from the control. Drought stress significantly increased leaf proline content, soluble sugar content, and α-amylase and β-amylase activities in both cultivars, with the magnitude of increase positively associated with drought severity. After rehydration following severe drought, proline and soluble sugar contents remained significantly different from the control, and HY22 recovered more rapidly than FH18 during rehydration. Severe drought stress significantly reduced the contents of chlorophyll biosynthesis precursors, including δ-aminolevulinic acid, porphobilinogen, and uroporphyrinogen III, and continuously suppressed photosynthetic parameters. After 15 days of rehydration, the contents of chlorophyll precursors returned to control levels, whereas photosynthetic parameters still differed significantly from the control. Severe drought stress damaged leaf tissue structure and significantly reduced the thickness of water-storage tissue. With prolonged rehydration, the thicknesses of water-storage tissue, palisade tissue, and leaves in HY22 became significantly greater than those in the control. Drought stress significantly reduced all yield-related traits in both cultivars, with the number and weight of full pods per plant showing the greatest decreases and representing the primary factors contributing to yield loss. HY22 showed smaller reductions in all yield-related traits than FH18. This study provides a theoretical reference for understanding the growth and developmental mechanisms of peanut under drought stress and offers new insights for optimizing cultivation practices to improve water use efficiency.

Key words: peanuts, drought stress and rehydration, permeation regulation, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

Bai Tian-Tian, Liu Wei, Ma Qun, Su Yong-Tao, Li Yu-Jiao, Wang Jia-Qi, Li Zhao, Yan Lei, Ma Qian-Chi, Wang Xiao-Guang, Zhong Chao, Ren Jing-Yao, Liu Xi-Bo, Zhao Shu-Li, Zhang He, Zhao Xin-Hua, Jiang Chun-Ji, Wang Jing, Yu Hai-Qiu. Effects of drought stress and rehydration at the initial flowering stage on peanut growth and yield[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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