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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1496-1505.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01496

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Potassium Application on Photosynthetic Performance, Yield, and Quality of Sugar Beet with Mulching-drip Irrigation

Chun-Yan HUANG1,2,Wen-Bin SU2,Shao-Ying ZHANG1,*(),Fu-Yi FAN2,Xiao-Xia GUO2,Zhi LI1,2,Cai-Yuan JIAN2,Xiao-Yun REN2,Qian-Heng GONG2   

  1. 1 Agriculture College, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
    2 Special Crops Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2018-03-01 Accepted:2018-07-20 Online:2018-10-10 Published:2018-08-01
  • Contact: Shao-Ying ZHANG E-mail:syzh36@aliyun.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-210302);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260347);the Youth Innovation Foundation of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences(2014QNJJN08)

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Abstract:

The technology of drip irrigation under mulch is widely used for sugar beet cultivation in cold and arid region of Inner Mongolia. In order to investigate proper potassium application rate and effects of potassium on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality on sugar beet with mulching-drip irrigation, a field experiment was conducted at Liangcheng city of Inner Mongolia in 2014-2015 with five treatments (0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg ha -1)potassium application. The results indicated that potassium could increase the photosynthetic performance of sugar beet, enhancing plant height, leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate. The treatments of 180, 270, and 360 kg ha -1 potassium fertilizer increased the net photosynthetic rate, which mainly affected by RuBPCase activity, followed by stomatal conductance. Proper potassium application benefited dry weigh increasing of roots, shoots and leaves, and yield increasing. But excessive application of potassium fertilizer significantly decreased the dry matter distribution to roots, and sugar content. There were the highest yield 270 kg ha -1 potassium application, the highest sugar content in the treatment of 90 kg ha -1 potassium and the largest economic benefits in the treatment of 180 kg ha -1potassium. When the application amount of potassium was more than 180 kg ha -1, the contents of K + and Na + increased in root. When the application amount of potassium was more than 270 kg ha -1, the content of α-amino acid in roots increased. According to the effects of potassium on sugar beet yield and quality, the recommended potassium fertilizer rate was 180 kg ha -1 in the main sugar beet planting area in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: potassium application, mulching-drip irrigation, sugar beet, photosynthetic performance, yield and quality

Table 1

Basic soil fertility of the experiment fields"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total P
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total K
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Avail N
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Avail P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Avail K
(mg kg-1)		 pH
2014 9.88 0.49 0.82 19.68 64.82 13.9 103.7 8.13
2015 15.73 0.64 0.82 24.12 73.28 9.05 122.16 8.10

Table 2

Effect of potassium application on plant height of sugar beet (cm)"

处理
Treatment		 2014 2015
块根分化
形成期
RDFS		 叶丛快速
生长期
LGFS		 块根及糖
分增长期
RSIS		 糖分积累期
SCAS		 块根分化
形成期
RDFS		 叶丛快速
生长期
LGFS		 块根及糖
分增长期
RSIS		 糖分积累期
SCAS
K0 19.4±0.5 a 40.9±1.0 b 43.8±0.6 d 45.9±0.9 c 27.6±0.8 b 43.0±1.0 c 48.1±1.8 b 49.1±1.2 b
K90 19.7±0.4 a 43.5±0.7 ab 46.6±0.9 c 48.5±0.5 b 29.4±0.4 a 43.6±0.9 bc 51.6±1.6 ab 53.2±0.8 a
K180 20.3±0.3 a 43.9±1.3 ab 50.3±0.9 b 51.0±0.9 a 28.9±0.6 ab 46.3±1.1 ab 52.1±1.6 ab 54.2±1.4 a
K270 20.6±0.8 a 44.0±1.0 a 52.1±0.8 a 53.1±0.8 a 30.5±0.2 a 47.1±0.9 a 55.4±1.7 a 56.2±1.3 a
K360 19.4±0.6 a 41.1±0.9 ab 46.8±1.0 bc 47.3±0.9 c 28.9±0.7 ab 45.0±0.7 abc 52.6±0.9 ab 52.0±1.8 ab

Table 3

Effect of potassium application on leaf area index of sugar beet"

处理
Treatment		 2014 2015
块根分化
形成期
RDFS		 叶丛快速
生长期
LGFS		 块根及糖
分增长期
RSIS		 糖分积累期
SCAS		 块根分化
形成期
RDFS		 叶丛快速
生长期
LGFS		 块根及糖
分增长期
RSIS		 糖分积累期
SCAS
K0 0.43±0.01 a 1.59±0.03 b 2.52±0.09 c 2.09±0.02 c 0.56±0.01 b 2.09±0.09 b 2.61±0.13 b 2.08±0.14 c
K90 0.48±0.02 a 1.68±0.05 b 2.58±0.06 c 2.18±0.06 bc 0.66±0.01 ab 2.21±0.04 b 2.65±0.07 b 2.43±0.20 bc
K180 0.47±0.03 a 1.73±0.09 b 2.75±0.12 c 2.27±0.07 b 0.70±0.02 ab 2.30±0.04 b 2.88±0.06 b 2.56±0.10 b
K270 0.49±0.01 a 2.24±0.15 a 3.55±0.10 a 2.61±0.08 a 0.76±0.02 a 2.53±0.06 a 3.49±0.17 a 3.13±0.10 a
K360 0.45±0.01 a 2.10±0.09 a 3.25±0.11 b 2.31±0.04 b 0.70±0.02 ab 2.58±0.10 a 3.38±0.09 a 3.15±0.13 a

Fig. 1

Effect of potassium application on photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 2

Effect of potassium application on RuBPCase activity of sugar beet Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Table 4

Correlational coefficients of sugar beet Pn with Gs, Tr, Ci, and RuBPCase activity"

生育时期
Growth period		 气孔导度
Gs		 蒸腾速率
Tr		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci		 RuBPCase活性
RuBPCase activity
RDFS 0.752 0.720 0.759 0.995**
LGFS 0.960** 0.627 0.858* 0.993**
RSIS 0.868* 0.993** 0.610 0.997**
SCAS 0.995** 0.983** 0.828* 0.984**

Fig. 3

Effects of potassium application on dry matter accumulation and distribution in sugar beet Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Table 5

Effect of potassium application on yield and quality of sugar beet"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 含糖率
Sugar content
(%)		 K+含量
K+ content
(μmol g-1 FW)		 Na+含量
Na+ content
(μmol g-1 FW)		 α-氨基酸含量
α-amino acid
(μmol g-1 FW)
2014 K0 58536.43±642.15 d 16.50±0.15 b 36.28±0.59 a 4.50±0.13 d 9.98±0.21 c
K90 63205.16±765.08 c 17.43±0.10 a 36.68±0.34 a 6.48±0.28 c 10.38±0.17 c
K180 66201.89±254.42 b 17.26±0.08 a 38.43±0.52 a 9.93±0.37 a 10.73±0.39 c
K270 68475.90±730.50 a 16.53±0.18 b 39.10±0.27 a 8.98±0.19 b 15.30±0.11 b
K360 67167.40±688.93 ab 15.90±0.27 c 39.65±0.40 a 5.78±0.28 c 16.20±0.37 a
2015 K0 65182.51±875.45 d 16.02±0.15 b 39.18±0.30 b 6.70±0.31 c 14.95±0.30 b
K90 70363.43±582.09 c 16.96±0.10 a 39.30±0.44 b 7.30±0.09 abc 15.20±0.15 b
K180 74490.63±641.28 b 16.83±0.21 a 39.38±0.50 a 7.80±0.36 a 15.48±0.49 b
K270 77698.13±1005.27 a 15.95±0.07 b 40.25±0.23 a 7.53±0.26 ab 17.53±0.25 a
K360 75395.81±894.22 b 15.65±0.08 b 42.85±0.37 a 6.83±0.24 bc 18.13±0.34 a

Table 6

Correlational coefficients of sugar beet yield and quality with some indices"

指标
Index		 产量
Yield		 含糖率
Sugar content		 K+含量
K+ content		 Na+含量
Na+ content		 α-氨基酸含量
α-amino acid
株高 Plant height 0.859 0.173 0.336 0.512 0.433
叶面积指数Leaf area index 0.695 -0.638 0.987** -0.174 0.892*
净光合速率Pn 0.995** -0.164 0.740 0.338 0.737
块根干重 Root dry weigh 0.957* 0.101 0.559 0.562 0.545
叶柄干重 Shoot dry weigh 0.955* -0.423 0.917* 0.097 0.900*
叶片干重 Leaf dry weigh 0.955* -0.432 0.915* 0.084 0.907*
块根干物质分配比例 Distribution ratio of root dry matter -0.214 0.921* -0.774 0.710 -0.764
叶柄干物质分配比例 Distribution ratio of shoot dry matter -0.209 -0.840 0.444 -0.851 0.448
叶片干物质分配比例 Distribution ratio of leaf dry matter 0.522 -0.866 0.936* -0.507 0.917*

Fig. 4

Effect of potassium application on sugar yield of sugar beet Different letters above error bars indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

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