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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 1067-1076.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01067

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Long-Term Irrigation and Nitrogen Regimes on Soil Nitrogen Content and Paste Property of Wheat Grain

Sha-Sha LI,Geng MA,Wei-Xing LIU,Juan KANG,Yu-Lu CHEN,Yang-Yang HU,Pan-Pan ZHANG,Chen-Yang WANG()   

  1. Henan Agricultural University / National Wheat Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2017-07-19 Accepted:2018-03-25 Online:2018-07-10 Published:2018-04-16
  • Contact: Sha-Sha LI,Geng MA,Chen-Yang WANG E-mail:xmzxwang@163.com
  • Supported by:
    The study was supported by the National Technology R&D Program of China (2015BAD26B01) and the Wheat Research System of Henan Province (S2010-01-G07).

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) and water contents in soil are primary elements affecting grain yield and quality of wheat. For optimizing the water and fertilizer management in high-quality and high-efficiency wheat production, a split-plot experiment was carried out in the long-term fertilization fields in Wenxian county, Henan province in the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 winter wheat seasons. The main-plot factor was irrigation in three levels (W0 for no irrigation, W1 for 750 m 3 ha -1 at jointing, and W2 for 750 +750 m 3 ha -1 at jointing + anthesis), and the split-plot factor was N rate in four levels (0, 180, 240, and 300 kg ha -1). Yumai 49-198, a medium-gluten variety, was the unique variety used in the experiment. The soil NO3 --N content in the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly lower, whereas, the amylopectin and starch contents, starch peak viscosity and final viscosity were significantly higher in W1 and W2 treatments than in W0 treatment. Under irrigation conditions, the volume of small starch granule (<5.0 μm) increased as compared with that under W0 condition, with the increase of 3.4% in W1 and 4.8% in W2 in the 2014-2015 wheat season. Nitrogen application improved soil NO3 --N content but negatively affected amylose content and the percentage of small starch granules. Amylopectin and starch contents, peak viscosity, through viscosity, and final viscosity increased with N application ranging from 0 to 240 kg ha -1. The correlation analysis revealed positive correlations (P < 0.01) of NO3 --N with starch yield, peak viscosity, through viscosity, and final viscosity. Results showed that under N 240 kg ha -1 and W1 condition the nitrate content in topsoil layer was 19.64-20.55 mg kg -1 having higher grain yield and good starch property.

Key words: irrigation and nitrogen interaction, NO3 --N in soil, starch content, starch compositions, paste properties

Table 1

Soil nutrient contents in 0-20 cm soil layer of experiment field before sowing"

生长季
Growth season
全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg-1)
碱解氮
Hydrolysable nitrogen
(mg kg-1)
速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)
速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
有机质
Organic matter (g kg-1)
pH
2014-2015 0.83±0.11 78.31±11.63 12.44±1.35 182.6±60.06 15.96±1.00 8.31±0.08
2015-2016 0.81±1.13 80.48±12.80 13.21±0.56 184.0±62.04 15.92±1.06 8.26±0.11

Fig. 1

Precipitation and mean temperature during the wheat growing season"

Fig. 2

Nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm soil layer in different water and nitrogen treatmentsData are the means of three plots and the error bar represents the standard derivation. Different letters on the bars indicate significant difference among all treatments in the same growth season (P < 0.05)."

Fig. 3

Relations between nitrate nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer and the water and nitrogen fertilizer couplingA: the 2014-2015 growth season, Z = -3.04 × 10-5 Y2 + 8.03 × 10-7 X2 - 0.04X + 0.08Y + 3.56 (R2 = 0.97, P < 0.01). B: the 2015-2016 growth season, Z = -1.45 × 10-6 Y2 - 5.12 × 10-7 X2 - 0.04X + 0.07Y + 5.08 (R2 = 0.98, P < 0.01). The variables in the equations are irrigation amount (X, m3 ha-1), nitrogen application rate (Y, kg ha-1), and soil NO3--N content (Z, mg kg-1)."

"

Table 3

Effect of different irrigation and nitrogen treatments on size distribution of wheat starch granules"

处理
Treatment
2014-2015 2015-2016
小淀粉粒
Small granule
中淀粉粒
Medium granule
大淀粉粒
Large granule
小淀粉粒
Small granule
中淀粉粒
Medium granule
大淀粉粒
Large granule
W0N0 12.64 a 85.65 c 1.73 a 17.28 a 75.82 c 6.87 b
W0N1 11.93 b 86.30 bc 1.64 ab 16.80 ab 76.35 b 6.65 b
W0N2 11.84 b 86.77 ab 1.32 ab 15.16 c 76.41 b 8.43 a
W0N3 11.74 b 87.08 a 1.15 c 15.60 bc 76.86 a 7.54 ab
W1N0 12.29 a 86.19 a 1.12 a 15.24 a 83.64 a 1.35 b
W1N1 11.42 b 86.16 a 1.07 a 15.21 a 82.72 a 2.10 ab
W1N2 11.41 b 87.72 a 0.86 b 14.58 a 83.67 a 2.30 ab
W1N3 11.40 b 86.77 a 0.86 b 14.30 a 82.96 a 3.01 a
W2N0 12.08 a 86.39 a 0.92 a 14.96 a 84.65 a 0.74 b
W2N1 11.36 b 86.63 a 0.88 a 13.66 a 85.41 a 1.66 a
W2N2 11.23 bc 86.69 a 0.79 b 13.54 a 85.57 a 1.04 b
W2N3 11.15 c 86.65 a 0.76 b 13.90 a 85.37 a 0.73 b
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
灌水Irrigation (W) 58.52*** 0.59 53.63*** 18.53*** 413.93*** 374.02***
氮素Nitrogen (N) 88.70*** 5.16** 9.98*** 4.85** 2.14 3.23*
W × N 0.38 1.49 1.33 0.57 0.44 3.70*

Table 4

Effect of different irrigation and nitrogen treatments on RVA properties of wheat starch (cP)"

处理
Treatment
2014-2015 2015-2016
峰值黏度
Peak
viscosity
谷值黏度
Through
viscosity
稀澥值Breakdown 最终黏度
Final
viscosity
反弹值
Setback
峰值黏度
Peak
viscosity
谷值黏度
Through viscosity
稀澥值Breakdown 最终黏度
Final
viscosity
反弹值Setback
W0N0 2950 g 1951 e 999 e 3769 h 2950 g 2946 f 1977 e 970 d 3746 h 2946 f
W0N1 3458 d 2369 c 1090 d 4380 b 3458 d 3158 d 2041 d 1118 b 3960 e 3158 d
W0N2 3669 b 2439 b 1230 a 4469 a 3669 b 3455 a 2233 b 1222 a 4041 d 3455 a
W0N3 3542 c 2426 b 1116 bcd 4268 cd 3542 c 3377 b 2139 c 1239 a 3854 fg 3377 b
W1N0 3284 f 2180 d 1104 cd 3860 g 3284 f 3069 e 2078 d 990 cd 3822 g 3069 e
W1N1 3562 c 2444 b 1118 bcd 4355 bc 3562 c 3279 c 2245 b 1034 bcd 4045 d 3279 c
W1N2 3767 a 2544 a 1223 a 4550 a 3767 a 3440 a 2332 a 1109 b 4238 b 3440 a
W1N3 3428 d 2380 c 1048 d 4247 d 3428 d 3370 b 2141 c 1229 a 3876 f 3370 b
W2N0 3360 e 2171 d 1188 ab 3952 f 3360 e 3125 d 2069 d 1056 bc 4045 d 3125 d
W2N1 3526 c 2355 c 1171 abc 4152 e 3526 c 3364 b 2249 b 1116 b 4187 c 3364 b
W2N2 3640 b 2444 b 1196 a 4269 cd 3640 b 3461 a 2358 a 1102 b 4388 a 3461 a
W2N3 3462 d 2352 c 1110 cd 4183 de 3462 d 3143 d 2145 c 998 cd 4160 c 3143 d
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
灌水Irrigation (W) 55.06*** 41.26*** 6.28** 16.04*** 9.67** 9.94** 62.85*** 7.50** 478.92*** 181.77***
氮素Nitrogen (N) 522.36*** 392.52*** 18.75*** 204.43*** 14.72*** 257.87*** 155.91*** 21.43*** 358.98*** 22.48***
W × N 62.30*** 25.45*** 5.53** 12.68*** 3.71** 34.52*** 10.00*** 11.36*** 10.99*** 17.62***
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