Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica，

Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (01): 1-8.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94062

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS •     Next Articles

Establishment of screening method for salt tolerant soybean at emergence stage and screening of tolerant germplasm

LIU Xie-Xiang,CHANG Ru-Zhen,GUAN Rong-Xia(),QIU Li-Juan()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2019-04-17 Accepted:2019-08-09 Online:2020-01-12 Published:2019-09-03
  • Contact: Rong-Xia GUAN,Li-Juan QIU E-mail:guanrongxia@caas.cn;qiulijuan@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830066)

RichHTML360

140

PDF

1653

Abstract:

Salinity is an important factor affecting crop production. Screening salt tolerant soybean germplasm is of great significance for the utilization of salinized soil in major soybean production regions. In order to select salt tolerant soybean, a screening method was developed by using six soybean accessions, including Zhonghuang 35, Zhonghuang 39, Williams 82, Tiefeng 8, Peking, and NY27-38. Seeds were grown in vermiculite and treated with 0, 100, and 150 mmol L -1 NaCl solution. Seedling rate (SR), plant height (H), fresh weight of shoot and root (FWS and FWR), dry weight of shoot and root (DWS and DWR) were decreased significantly under 150 mmol L -1 NaCl treatment, with significant difference among varieties. Therefore, 150 mmol L -1 NaCl was suitable to identify salt tolerant soybean at emergence stage. The salt tolerance index (SI) based on the growth and development of seedlings and the salt tolerance coefficient (ST) were significantly correlated with the salt tolerance. The method using salt tolerance index is non-destructive and does not require planting control, which could save time and labor in salt tolerant germplasm identification. Twenty-seven soybean resources were screened, in which three were highly tolerant (grade 1) and seven tolerant (grade 2) at emergence stage. Among them, Yundou 101, Zheng 1311, Wansu 1015, and Tiefeng 8 also showed salt tolerance (grade 1) at seedling stage. In summary, an effective method for screening salt tolerant soybean at emergence stage was developed, with vermiculite as the substrate, 150 mmol L -1 NaCl as suitable treatment solution, and salt tolerance index as the indicator. Four soybean accessions were found to be salt tolerant at both emergence and seedling stages. This screening method will be useful for identification of salt tolerant soybean germplasm.

Key words: soybean, emergence stage, salt tolerance, screening method

Fig. 1

Standard of individual classification for salt tolerance at germination stage"

Table 1

Symptoms of soybean at emergence and seedling stages under salt stress"

出苗期 Emergence stage 苗期 Seedling stage
类别
Category		 表型特征
Symptom		 级别
Grade		 表型特征
Symptom
I 植株凋亡, 子叶干枯(类别数值为1)
Plant dead, cotyledons were dry (category value is 1)		 1 健康的绿叶, 没有观察到损伤
Healthy green leaves, no damage observed
II 植株生长受到严重抑制, 子叶未展开(类别数值为2)
Plant growth was severely inhibited, cotyledon was not unfolded (category value is 2)		 2 轻度坏死, 真叶轻微发黄
Slight chlorosis, light yellowish color observed in true leaves
III 植株生长受到抑制, 具有生长点, 但真叶未展开(类别数值为3)
Plant growth was inhibited with shoot apical meristem, but true leaves were not unfolded (category value is 3)		 3 中度坏死, 三出复叶发黄
Moderate chlorosis, chlorosis observed in trifoliate leaves
IV 植株生长基本正常, 真叶未完全展开(类别数值为4)
Plant growth was basically normal, true leaves were not fully expanded (category value is 4)		 4 严重坏死, 超过75%的叶面发黄
Severe chlorosis, more than 75% of the leaf area showed chlorosis
V 植株生长正常, 真叶完全展开(类别数值为5)
Plant growth was normal, true leaves were fully expanded (category value is 5)		 5 凋亡, 植物完全枯萎
Dead, plants were completely withered

Fig. 2

Phenotypes of six materials after treatment with NaCl solution for 15 days A, B, and C refer to the phenotype after treatment with 0, 100, and 150 mmol L-1 NaCl for 15 days, respectively. Bar = 1 cm. D: seedling rate. E: fresh weight of root. F: fresh weight of shoot. G: shoot height. H: dry weight of root. I: dry weight of shoot. Data are mean ± SE with three biological replicates (n = 3). Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 between different treatments of the same variety."

Fig. 3

Salt tolerance of six materials under 150 mmol L-1 NaCl stress ST_SR: relative seedling rate; ST_H: relative height; ST_FWR: relative fresh weight of root; ST_FWS: relative fresh weight of shoot; ST_DWR: relative dry weight of root; ST_DWS: relative dry weight of shoot. Data are mean ± SE with three biological replicates (n = 3). Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 between different varieties of the same indicator."

Table 2

Correlation coefficients between salt tolerance indexes at emergence stage in soybean"

指标
Index		 相对成苗率
ST_SR		 相对地上部鲜重
ST_FWS		 相对根鲜重
ST_FWR		 相对株高
ST_H		 相对根干重
ST_DWR		 相对地上部干重
ST_DWS
相对地上部鲜重 ST_FWS 0.97***
相对根鲜重 ST_FWR 0.81* 0.81*
相对株高 ST_H 0.97*** 0.96** 0.85*
相对根干重 ST_DWR 0.80 0.77 0.98*** 0.85*
相对地上部干重 ST_DWS 0.97*** 0.98*** 0.89* 0.99*** 0.87*
耐盐指数 SI 0.88* 0.83* 0.91** 0.87* 0.88* 0.90**

Table 3

Salt tolerance of 27 accessions at seedling and emergence stages"

品种
Variety		 耐盐性 Salt tolerance 品种
Variety		 耐盐性 Salt tolerance
出苗期
Emergence stage		 苗期
Seedling stage		 出苗期
Emergence stage		 苗期
Seedling stage
中黄74 Zhonghuang 74 3 5 运豆101 Yundou 101 2 1
冀1507 Ji 1507 3 1 郑1311 Zheng 1311 2 1
冀豆29 Jidou 29 3 5 冀1503 Ji 1503 4 1
冀豆23 Jidou 23 4 1 皖宿1015 Wansu 1015 2 1
安豆1498 Andou 1498 1 5 齐黄39 Qihuang 39 1 4
石豆17 Shidou 17 4 1 中黄207 Zhonghuang 207 3 3
科豆13 Kedou 13 4 4 邯豆11 Handou 11 3 5
中黄206 Zhonghuang 206 4 3 Williams 82 1 4
中黄605 Zhonghuang 605 2 5 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 3 5
中黄80 Zhonghuang 80 3 3 中黄39 Zhonghuang 39 2 5
中黄203 Zhonghuang 203 3 1 铁丰8号 Tiefeng 8 2 1
中黄204 Zhonghuang 204 3 1 Peking 2 5
中黄70 Zhonghuang 70 3 5 NY27-38 4 1
圣豆10号 Shengdou 10 3 1

Fig. 4

Salt tolerance in both seedling and emergence stages for four accessions A: control (0 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment for 15 days). B: salt tolerance at emergence stage (150 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment for 15 days after sowing). C: salt tolerance at seedling stage (200 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment for 15 days when the unifoliate leaves of plants were fully expanded). Bars = 5 cm."

[1] Hamwieh A, Xu D . Conserved salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTL) in wild and cultivated soybean. Breed Sci, 2008,58:355-359.
doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.58.355
[2] Hamwieh A, Tuyen D D, Cong H, Benitez E R, Takahashi R, Xu D H . Identification and validation of a major QTL for salt tolerance in soybean. Euphytica, 2011,179:451-459.
doi: 10.1007/s10681-011-0347-8
[3] Wang Z, Wang J, Bao Y, Wu Y, Zhang H . Quantitative trait loci controlling rice seed germination under salt stress. Euphytica, 2011,178:297-307.
doi: 10.1007/s10681-010-0287-8
[4] 王佳丽, 黄贤金, 钟太洋, 陈志刚 . 盐碱地可持续利用研究综述. 地理学报, 2011,66:673-684.
doi: 10.11821/xb201105010
Wang J L, Huang X J, Zhong T Y, Chen Z G . Review on sustainable utilization of salt-affected land. Acta Geogr Sin, 2011,66:673-684 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.11821/xb201105010
[5] Abel G H, Mackenzie A J . Salt tolerance of soybean varieties (Glycine max L. Merrill) during germination and later growth. Crop Sci, 1964,4:14-28.
[6] Wang D, Shannon M C . Emergence and seedling growth of soybean cultivars and maturity groups under salinity. Plant Soil, 1999,214:117-124.
doi: 10.1023/A:1004719420806
[7] Singleton P W, Bohlool B B . Effect of salinity on nodule formation by soybean. Plant Physiol, 1984,74:72-76.
doi: 10.1104/pp.74.1.72 pmid: 16663389
[8] Chen H, Cui S, Fu S, Gai J, Yu D . Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with salt tolerance during seedling growth in soybean (Glycine max L.). Aust J Agric Res, 2008,59:1086-1091.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-161 pmid: 24134188
[9] Phang T H, Lam H M . Salt tolerance in soybean. J Integr Plant Biol, 2008,50:1196-1212.
doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00760.x
[10] Pathan M S, Lee J D, Shannon J G, Nguyen H T. Recent advances in breeding for drought and salt stress tolerance in soybean. In: Jenks M A, Hasegawa P M, Jain S M, eds. Advances in Molecular-breeding Toward Drought and Salt Tolerant Crops. USA: Springer, 2007. pp 739-773.
[11] 邵桂花, 宋景芝, 刘惠令 . 大豆种质资源耐盐性鉴定初报. 中国农业科学, 1986,19(6):30-35.
Shao G H, Song J Z, Liu H L . Preliminary studies on the evaluation of salt tolerance in soybean varieties. Sci Agric Sin, 1986,19(6):30-35 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] 郭蓓, 邱丽娟, 邵桂花, 许占友 . 大豆耐盐性种质的分子标记辅助鉴定及其利用研究. 大豆科学, 2002,21:56-61.
Guo B, Qiu L J, Shao G H, Xu Z Y . Markers-assisted identification of the salt tolerant accessions in soybean. Soybean Sci, 2002,21:56-61 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13] Ha B K, Vuong T D, Velusamy V, Nguyen H T, Shannon J G, Lee J D . Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci conditioning salt tolerance in wild soybean (Glycine soja) PI 483463. Euphytica, 2013,193:79-88.
doi: 10.1007/s10681-013-0944-9
[14] Tuyen D D, Lal S K, Xu D H . Identification of a major QTL allele from wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) for increasing alkaline salt tolerance in soybean. Theor Appl Genet, 2010,121:229-236.
doi: 10.1007/s00122-010-1304-y
[15] Essa T A . Effect of salinity stress on growth and nutrient composition of three soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars. J Agron Crop Sci, 2002,188:86-93.
doi: 10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00537.x
[16] Tuyen D D, Zhang H M, Xu D H . Validation and high-resolution mapping of a major quantitative trait locus for alkaline salt tolerance in soybean using residual heterozygous line. Mol Breed, 2013,31:79-86.
doi: 10.1007/s11032-012-9771-2
[17] Guan R X, Qu Y, Guo Y, Yu L L, Liu Y, Jiang J H, Chen J G, Ren Y L, Liu G Y, Tian L, Jin L G, Liu Z X, Hong H L, Chang R Z, Gilliham M, Qiu L J . Salinity tolerance in soybean is modulated by natural variation in GmSALT3. Plant J, 2015,80:937-950.
doi: 10.1111/tpj.12695 pmid: 25292417
[18] Qi X, Li M W, Xie M, Liu X, Ni M, Shao G, Song C, Yim K Y, Tao Y, Wong F L, Isobe S, Wong C F, Wong K S, Xu C, Li C, Wang Y, Guan R, Sun F, Fan G, Xiao Z, Zhou F, Phang T H, Liu X, Tong S W, Chan T F, Yiu S M, Tabata S, Wang J, Xu X, Lam H M . Identification of a novel salt tolerance gene in wild soybean by whole-genome sequencing. Nat Commun, 2014,5:4340.
doi: 10.1038/ncomms5340 pmid: 25004933
[19] Do T D, Vuong T D, Dunn D, Smothers S, Patil G, Yungbluth D C, Chen P, Scaboo A, Xu D, Carter T E . Mapping and confirmation of loci for salt tolerance in a novel soybean germplasm, Fiskeby III. Theor Appl Genet, 2018,131:513-524.
doi: 10.1007/s00122-017-3015-0 pmid: 29151146
[20] Liu Y, Yu L L, Qu Y, Chen J J, Liu X X, Hong H L, Liu Z X, Chang R Z, Gilliham M, Qiu L J, Guan R X . GmSALT3, which confers improved soybean salt tolerance in the field, increases leaf Cl- exclusion prior to Na+ exclusion but does not improve early vigor under salinity. Front Plant Sci, 2016,7:1485.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01485 pmid: 27746805
[21] Munns R, James R A . Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant Soil, 2003,253:201-218.
doi: 10.1023/A:1024553303144
[22] Khatun S, Flowers T J . Effects of salinity on seed set in rice. Plant Cell Environ, 1995,18:61-67.
doi: 10.1007/s10142-010-0203-2 pmid: 21213008
[23] Hosseini M, Powell A, Bingham I . Comparison of the seed germination and early seedling growth of soybean in saline conditions. Seed Sci Res, 2002,12:165-172.
doi: 10.1079/SSR2002108
[24] 邵桂花 . 大豆种质资源耐盐性田间鉴定方法. 作物杂志, 1986, (3):36-37.
Shao G H . Field identification method for salt tolerance of soybean germplasm resources. Crops, 1986, (3):36-37 (in Chinese).
[25] 罗庆云 . 野生大豆和栽培大豆耐盐机理及遗传研究. 南京农业大学博士学位论文, 江苏南京, 2003.
Luo Q Y . Study on Mechanism and Inheritance of Salt Tolerance in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) and Cultivated Soybean (G. max). PhD Dissertation of Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China, 2003 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[26] 张海波, 崔继哲, 曹甜甜, 张佳彤, 刘千千, 刘欢 . 大豆出苗期和苗期对盐胁迫的响应及耐盐指标评价. 生态学报, 2011,31:2805-2812.
Zhang H B, Cui J Z, Cao T T, Zhang J T, Liu Q Q, Liu H . Response to salt stresses and assessment of salt tolerability of soybean varieties in emergence and seedling stages. Acta Ecol Sin, 2011,31:2805-2812 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] Zhang W J, Niu Y, Bu S H, Li M, Feng J Y, Zhang J, Yang S X, Odinga M M, Wei S P, Liu X F, Zhang Y M . Epistatic association mapping for alkaline and salinity tolerance traits in the soybean germination stage. PLoS One, 2014,9:e84750.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084750 pmid: 24416275
[28] Kan G, Zhang W, Yang W, Ma D, Zhang D, Hao D, Hu Z, Yu D . Association mapping of soybean seed germination under salt stress. Mol Genet Genomics, 2015,290:2147-2162.
doi: 10.1007/s00438-015-1066-y pmid: 26001372
[29] 姬丹丹, 刘畅, 曹其聪, 向凤宁 . 不同大豆品种芽期和苗期耐盐性比较研究. 山东轻工业学院学报(自然科学版), 2011,25(2):4-7.
Ji D D, Liu C, Cao Q C, Xiang F N . Comparison of the salt tolerance at sprout and seedling in different soybean. J Shandong Polytechnic Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2011,25(2):4-7 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[30] 郭蓓, 邵桂花 . 大豆耐盐基因的PCR标记. 中国农业科学, 2000,33(1):10-16.
Guo B, Shao G H . Tagging salt tolerant gene using PCR marker in soybean. Sci Agric Sin, 2000,33(1):10-16 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[31] Flowers T J . Improving crop salt tolerance. J Exp Bot, 2004,55:307-319.
doi: 10.1093/jxb/erh003 pmid: 14718494
[32] Foolad M R, Lin G Y . Absence of genetic relationship between salt tolerance during seed germination and vegetative growth in tomato. Plant Breed, 1997,116:363-367.
doi: 10.1111/pbr.1997.116.issue-4
[33] Do T D, Chen H, Hien V T T, Hamwieh A, Yamada T, Sato T, Yan Y, Cong H, Shono M, Suenaga K . Ncl synchronously regulates Na+, K+, and Cl- in soybean and greatly increases the grain yield in saline field conditions. Sci Rep, 2016,6:19147.
doi: 10.1038/srep19147 pmid: 26744076
[1] Tang Kuan-Qiang, Li Gong-Yun, Song Mei-Yi, Zhao Xue, Chang Chun-Ling. Genome-wide association analysis and prediction model construction for soybean plant height [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1743-1756.
[2] Yao Shu, Guo Kai-Yue, Zhai Hui-Hui, Yao Jia-Hui, Deng Wen-Qi, Yan Ling, Huang Chi, Gao Yang, Yu Yan-Ran, Zhao Zhen-Bang, Li Ying-Hui, Wang Xiao-Bo, Li Jia-Jia. Comprehensive evaluation of low-iron tolerance and screening of elite germplasm at the soybean seedling stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1373-1387.
[3] Wang Ling, Hu Hao, Song Jia-Feng, Cheng Jie-Lan, Chen Ying, Zheng Ting-Ting, Lyu Zhao-Yan, Zhu Xiao-Biao, Hou Hua-Lan. Cloning and functional validation of UDP-glycosyltransferase gene StUGT52 in potato [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 665-676.
[4] Niu Li, Wang Yong-Sheng, Wang Chang-Jie, Zhang Hong, Meng Ya-Xiong, Li Bao-Chun, Yang Ke, Ma Xiao-Le, Yao Li-Rong, Si Er-Jing, Wang Hua-Jun, Wang Jun-Cheng. Identification and analysis of the NAC gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and functional validation of HvNAC38 in salt tolerance [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 688-707.
[5] Li Shi-Qing, Wang Qian, Wang Su-Hua, Zhang Yao-Wen, Wang Li-Xia. Evaluation of salt tolerance at the seedling stage and related gene mining in mung bean germplasm resources [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(2): 376-388.
[6] Huang Li-Xia, Zhang Wei-Wei, Zhen Yi-Yue, Wang Qiu-Bao, Tian Hong-Ling, Li Guo-Dong, Liu Long-Long, Zhang Li-Jun. Evaluation of salinity tolerance and germplasm screening of buckwheat during germination under salt stress [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(2): 459-479.
[7] Zhang Qing, Yang Yu, Guo Qian, Yue Pei-Yao, Yin Cong-Cong, Niu Jing-Ping, Zhao Jin-Zhong, Du Wei-Jun, Yue Ai-Qin. Cloning and functional analysis of the soybean GmARA6a gene in response to salt stress [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(2): 480-493.
[8] Qi Qing-Song, Niu Xiang-Yu, Liu Bing-Ke, Kang Lu, Wang Chen, Feng De-Shun. Salt tolerance identification, screening and salt tolerance index evaluation of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium radiation mutagenesis germplasm at germination and seedling stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(2): 389-404.
[9] Wang Fei-Fei, Zhang Sheng-Zhong, Yang Gui-Hua, Miao Hua-Rong, Hu Xiao-Hui, Zhang Ze-Lin, Liu Sha-Sha, Qiao Li-Xian, Shan Shi-Hua, Chen Jing. Comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance and identification of elite salt-tolerant germplasm in 331 peanut accessions at seedling stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(1): 279-294.
[10] WANG Ke-Jing, LI Xiang-Hua. Endangerment assessment of the perennial species G. tabacina and G. tomentella of the genus Glycine Willd. in China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2009-2019.
[11] MENG Ran, LI Zhao-Jia, FENG Wei, CHEN Yue, LIU Lu-Ping, YANG Chun-Yan, LU Xue-Lin, WANG Xiu-Ping. Comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance at different growth stages of soybean and screening of salt-tolerant germplasm [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 1991-2008.
[12] HE Hong-Li, ZHANG Yu-Han, YANG Jing, CHENG Yun-Qing, ZHAO Yang, LI Xing-Nuo, SI Hong-Liang, ZHANG Xing-Zheng, YANG Xiang-Dong. Creation and physiological analysis of an e1-as gene mutant in soybean [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2228-2239.
[13] HU Meng, SHA Dan, ZHANG Sheng-Rui, GU Yong-Zhe, ZHANG Shi-Bi, LI Jing, SUN Jun-Ming, QIU Li-Juan, LI Bin. QTL mapping and candidate gene screening for branch number in soybean [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1747-1756.
[14] WANG Qiong, ZOU Dan-Xia, CHEN Xing-Yun, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Hong-Mei, LIU Xiao-Qing, JIA Qian-Ru, WEI Li-Bin, CUI Xiao-Yan, CHEN Xin, WANG Xue-Jun, CHEN Hua-Tao. Genome-wide association analysis and candidate genes prediction of flowering time and maturity date traits in soybean (Glycine max L.) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1558-1568.
[15] YIN Cong-Cong, LI Rui-Qi, YUE Pei-Yao, LI Chen, NIU Jing-Ping, ZHAO Jin-Zhong, DU Wei-Jun, YUE Ai-Qin. Establishment and application of a visual detection method for soybean mosaic virus SC15 based on closed dumbbell mediated isothermal amplification [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1248-1260.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Add: No. 80 Xueyuan South Rd, Beijing 100081, P. R. China E-mail: zwxb301@caas.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd