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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1516-1526.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11038

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Effects of different forms and application methods of selenium fertilizers on wheat selenium uptake and utilization and its residual availability

HUANG Ting-Miao1,2(), YU Rong1, WANG Zhao-Hui1,*(), HUANG Dong-Lin1, WANG Sen1, JIN Jing-Jing1   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2021-04-04 Accepted:2021-06-16 Online:2022-06-12 Published:2021-07-15
  • Contact: WANG Zhao-Hui E-mail:huangtingmiao@126.com;w-zhaohui@263.net
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200400);Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program by Shanxi Agricultural University(2020BQ72)

Abstract:

A two-year positioning field experiment was conducted to determine the reasonable regulation measures of selenium (Se) fertilizer for improving wheat grain Se nutrition, and to explore the feasibilities of different Se application approaches in Se agronomic biofortification of wheat grown in the typical Se-deficient soils of Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province. To study the effects of different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers on wheat yield, Se concentration and its accumulation and utilization, with the goal of producing wheat grain with Se concentration of 100 μg kg -1, five Se application rates of 0, 15, 18, 700, and 45 g hm-2 were calculated for the treatments of no Se application (control), soil- and foliar-sodium selenate, and soil- and foliar-sodium selenite in the first year, respectively. In the following wheat season, for further investigating the residual Se availability, no Se fertilizer was applied and each plot was divided into straw removal and straw return. These results showed that the wheat grain yield and straw biomass were not influenced by Se forms and application methods. For the first wheat season, grain Se concentration reached the expected target value with a range of 109-397 μg kg -1, and the flour Se concentration varied from 101 μg kg -1 to 356 μg kg -1 for all the Se application treatments. In the next year, both grain and white flour Se concentrations were 100 μg kg -1 higher than under the treatment of soil-sodium selenite, and there was no significant difference of straw removal and straw return. Grain Se biofortification index was 4.7, 16, 0.3, 8.0 (μg kg-1) (g hm-2)-1 for soil- and foliar-sodium selenate, and soil- and foliar-sodium selenite, respectively. The Se use efficiency was the highest for foliar-sodium selenate (7.3%), whereas its cumulative use efficiency was only 0.3% in soil-sodium selenite treatment with the long-term residue effects. At wheat harvest, the highest soil available Se was observed for soil-sodium selenite, with 91 μg kg -1 and 107 μg kg -1 for the straw removal and straw return, respectively. In conclusion, both soil- and foliar-sodium selenate /selenite were beneficial for producing wheat grain with target Se concentration of 100 μg kg -1, and the sodium selenite requirement was the highest, and its residual availability should be taken into consideration for Se biofortification in wheat production in the Se-deficient area of Chinese Loess Plateau.

Key words: sodium selenate, sodium selenite, soil application, foliar application, Se use efficiency, residual Se availability

Table 1

Basic physical and chemical properties of the 0-20 cm soil layer before winter sowing in 2012"

项目 Item 数值或含量 Value or content
pH 8.66
有机质OM (g kg-1) 12.7
全氮Total N (g kg-1) 0.88
硝态氮NO3--N (mg kg-1) 2.90
铵态氮NH4+-N (mg kg-1) 1.06
有效磷 Olsen-P (mg kg-1) 11.2
速效钾 NH4OAc-K (mg kg-1) 130
总硒Total Se (mg kg-1) 0.120
有效硒 Available Se (μg kg-1) 19.7

Fig. 1

Grain yield and straw biomass of winter wheat affected by different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers and its residue effects"

Table 2

Se concentration in grain, straw, white flour, and bran of winter wheat affected by different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers and its residue effects (μg kg-1)"

处理
Treatment
籽粒硒含量Grain Se concentration 秸秆硒含量Straw Se concentration
2012-2013 2013-2014 2012-2013 2013-2014
秸秆不还田
Straw removal
秸秆还田
Straw return
秸秆不还田
Straw removal
秸秆还田
Straw return
对照 CK 38 d 20 c 19 c 46 e 9 c 8 c
土施硒酸钠 S-Na2SeO4 109 c 23 c 30 bc 98 d 20 b 24 b
叶喷硒酸钠 F-Na2SeO4 320 b 32 b 29 bc 286 b 24 b 51 a
土施亚硒酸钠 S-Na2SeO3 256 b 110 a 113 a 158 c 56 a 53 a
叶喷亚硒酸钠 F-Na2SeO3 397 a 26 bc 32 b 507 a 28 b 20 b
处理
Treatment
面粉硒含量Se concentration in white flour 麸皮硒含量Se concentration in barn
2012-2013 2013-2014 2012-2013 2013-2014
秸秆不还田
Straw removal
秸秆还田
Straw return
秸秆不还田
Straw removal
秸秆还田
Straw return
对照 CK 36 d 21 c 19 b 45 e 15 c 18 b
土施硒酸钠 S-Na2SeO4 101 c 24 bc 30 b 134 d 20 bc 29 b
叶喷硒酸钠 F-Na2SeO4 288 b 33 b 29 b 417 b 31 b 25 b
土施亚硒酸钠 S-Na2SeO3 247 b 109 a 116 a 283 c 114 a 101 a
叶喷亚硒酸钠 F-Na2SeO3 356 a 27 bc 35 b 520 a 24 bc 23 b

Fig. 2

Se accumulation and distribution in aerial wheat part affected by different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers and its residue effects Different lowercase letters in the same wheat organs indicate significant difference among five treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 3

Se accumulation and distribution in wheat grain affected by different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers and its residue effects Different lowercase letters in the same wheat organs indicate significant difference among five treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

Grain and white flour Se biofortification index of winter wheat affected by different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers in 2012-2013 growing season Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among five treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Se use efficiency and cumulative use efficiency of winter wheat affected by different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among five treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 6

Soil available Se at the top of 20 cm layer affected by different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers after two wheat growing seasons Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among five treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

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