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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 3038-3051.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54054

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Microbial community succession during in situ degradation of potato stems and leaves

ZENG Yu1,2(), GUO Hua-Chun1, YANG Yong-Tao1, WANG Yu-Long1, HE An-Le1, WANG Qiong1, BAI Lei1, LI Jun1,*(), ZHANG Rui1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
    2 College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Accepted:2025-08-13 Online:2025-11-12 Published:2025-08-14
  • Contact: *E-mail: nxy8mm@163.com; E-mail: 2021050@ynau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1601802);Regional Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260543);Basic Research Special Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202301AU070118)

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Abstract:

To investigate the decomposition characteristics, nutrient release patterns, and dynamics of microbial community structure across different parts of potato straw, this study employed the nylon mesh bag method. Fresh stem, leaf, and whole-plant straw (not previously returned to the field) were used as controls, with three treatments: stem decomposition (S), leaf decomposition (L), and whole-plant decomposition (W). Samples were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after soil incorporation to assess differences in decomposition behavior, nutrient release, and microbial community composition under each treatment. The results showed that cumulative decomposition rates for stem, leaf, and whole-plant straw followed a rapid-then-slow pattern, with leaves exhibiting the highest decomposition rate of 67.96% during the first 30 days, compared to 52.43% and 40.22% for whole-plant and stem, respectively. The cumulative nutrient release rates across treatments followed the order K > P > N. By day 120, nitrogen release was highest from leaves, while phosphorus release was highest from stems. In terms of microbial diversity, both bacterial and fungal α-diversity showed an initial increase followed by a decline, peaking at day 90. The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (34.57%-62.44%) and Actinobacteriota (10.64%-33.79%), while fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota (87.35%-99.77%). Leaf and whole-plant treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, whereas stem decomposition significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Firmicutes. At the genus level, dominant bacterial genera included unclassified_f__Rhizobiaceae (2.31%-13.57%), Devosia (2.29%-10.27%), and Gordonia (0.29%-11.07%), while dominant fungal genera included Gibellulopsis (10.56%-59.85%), unclassified_f__Plectosphaerellaceae (8.29%-44.16%), and Plectosphaerella (8.92%-44.88%). Correlation analysis revealed that bacterial genera such as Steroidobacter and Bacillus were strongly positively correlated with cumulative decomposition rates but negatively correlated with residual straw nutrients. In contrast, fungal genera such as Zopfiella and Arthrobotrys were positively correlated with both decomposition rates and nutrient release. In conclusion, leaf straw decomposed most efficiently within the first 30 days, while whole-plant and stem straw showed relatively effective decomposition between 60 and 120 days. All treatments enhanced microbial richness, diversity, and species abundance within 90 days. Compared to bacterial genera, fungal genera played a more prominent role in promoting straw decomposition and nutrient release.

Key words: potato straw, in situ degradation, decomposition rate, nutrient release, microbial community of straw

Fig. 1

Monthly average temperature and precipitation during the experimental period"

Fig. 2

Changes in the cumulative decomposition rate of straw Error bars indicate the standard deviation of three replicates."

Fig. 3

Differences in straw nutrient content among treatments Different lowercase letters within the same period indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 level. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates."

Fig. 4

Inter-group comparison of microbial community alpha diversity indices S30, S60, S90, and S120 represent 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of stem decomposition, respectively; L30, L60, L90, and L120 represent 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of leaf decomposition, respectively; W30, W60, W90, and W120 represent 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of whole plant decomposition. a-e: inter-group differences in bacterial community α-diversity indices; A-E: inter-group differences in fungal community α-diversity indices. a, A: Chao index of ASV level; b, B: Shannon index of ASV level; c, C: Simpson index of ASV level; d, D: Sobs index of ASV level; e, E: Coverage index of ASV level. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. Statistical significance between selected sample groups is indicated as follows: *: 0.01 < P ≤ 0.05, **: 0.001 < P ≤ 0.01, ***: P ≤ 0.001."

Fig. 5

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of bacterial and fungal communities in straw at the ASV level In panels a and b, abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 4. T30: 30 days of decomposition; T60: 60 days of decomposition; T90: 90 days of decomposition; T120: 120 days of decomposition. Panels a and c show the PCoA of bacterial communities; panels b and d show the PCoA of fungal communities, all at the ASV level."

Fig. 6

Number of ASVs in straw bacterial and fungal communities Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 4. a: number of ASVs in straw bacterial communities; b: number of ASVs in straw fungal communities."

Fig. 7

Distribution of straw microbial communities at the phylum level Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 4. a: distribution of straw bacterial communities at the phylum level; b: distribution of straw fungal communities at the phylum level."

Fig. 8

Distribution of straw microbial communities at the genus level Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 4. a: distribution of straw bacterial communities at the genus level; b: distribution of straw fungal communities at the genus level."

Fig. 9

Spearman correlation heatmap of bacteria (a) and fungi (b) at the genus level across different treatments DR: cumulative decomposition rate of straw; TN: nitrogen content in straw; TP: phosphorus content in straw; TK: potassium content in straw. Red and blue colors indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively. *, **, and *** indicate significant correlations at 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively."

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[1] LI Rong, MIAN You-Ming, HOU Xian-Qing, LI Pei-Fu, WANG Xi-Na. Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returning straw, soil fertility, and maize yield [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(7): 2012-2022.
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