水氮运筹对冬小麦籽粒GMP合成和面粉加工品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51007

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of delayed nitrogen application on the flour processing quality and glutenin formation in winter wheat under rain-fed and irrigated conditions, two wheat cultivars—Zhongmai 886 (ZM886, strong gluten) and Zhongmai 30 (ZM30, medium gluten)—were used as experimental materials. Under rain-fed (W) and irrigation (D) conditions, two nitrogen topdressing strategies were applied with a total nitrogen input of 210 kg hm^-²: conventional nitrogen application (N1: 50% as basal fertilizer + 50% at jointing stage) and delayed nitrogen application (N2: 50% basal + 30% at jointing + 20% at booting stage). The effects of delayed nitrogen application on glutenin macropolymer (GMP) formation and flour processing quality were evaluated under shallow-buried drip irrigation. Results showed that the highest grain yields for both cultivars occurred under the WN2 treatment. Compared with other treatments, ZM30 yield under WN2 increased by 12.36% (2021–2022) and 13.97% (2022–2023), while ZM886 yield increased by 9.85% and 18.31%, respectively. High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) were detected in grains 10 days after anthesis. The contents of HMW-GS, LMW-GS, free-SH, and -S-S-S- in ZM886 were highest under DN2, while ZM30 peaked under WN2. GMP formation was detected at 30 days after anthesis. Compared with other treatments, GMP content in ZM886 increased by 5.40%–33.90% under DN2, and in ZM30 by 2.50%–14.70% under WN2. Additionally, the volume and surface area percentages of large GMP particles increased under these treatments, contributing to improvements in flour processing quality. GMP content was positively correlated with HMW-GS and LMW-GS contents. In ZM886, GMP content showed a positive correlation with dough development and stability times, but a negative correlation with yield. In contrast, GMP content in ZM30 was significantly positively correlated with yield, but negatively correlated with water absorption. In conclusion, delayed nitrogen application enhanced GMP content and optimized its particle size distribution by regulating glutenin subunit synthesis. Based on yield performance, the suitable water-nitrogen strategy is: under irrigation, apply nitrogen as 50% basal + 30% jointing + 20% booting. In terms of quality, the suitable strategy varies by variety: for strong gluten wheat ZM886, the best result was achieved under rain-fed conditions with delayed nitrogen application, while for medium gluten wheat ZM30, the best quality was obtained under irrigation with delayed nitrogen application.

Key words: wheat, rain-fed conditions, irrigation conditions, nitrogen fertilizer postponing, GMP, processing quality

WANG Yao-Kuo, WANG Wen-Zheng, ZHANG Min, LIU Xi-Wei, YANG Min, LI Hao-Yu, ZHANG Ling-Xin, YAN Yan-Fei, CAI Rui-Guo. Effects of water and nitrogen treatments on GMP synthesis and flour processing quality of winter wheat grain[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2176-2189.

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Effects of water and nitrogen treatments on GMP synthesis and flour processing quality of winter wheat grain

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