西北地区马铃薯基因型与环境互作效应分析及优异品种筛选

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64020

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to analyze the phenotypic performance of potato genotypes across years and environments, clarify the effects of genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions, and identify superior and stable genotypes for key traits, together with their suitable environments, thereby providing a basis for targeted breeding and rational variety deployment in specific regions. Seventeen potato varieties were used as test materials and cultivated from 2023 to 2025 at three sites in Qingquan town, Weiqi town, and Huocheng town, Shandan county, Zhangye city, Gansu province. Plant traits, including plant height, stem diameter, and number of main stems, as well as tuber yield components, including number of tubers per plant, tuber weight per plant, and plot yield, were evaluated. Genotype adaptability and stability, together with the discriminating ability and representativeness of test environments, were first assessed using combined ANOVA and GGE biplot analysis, followed by comprehensive selection using the multi-trait stability index (MTSI). Combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, years, and test sites for all measured agronomic and yield traits, except stem diameter. Genotype effects and their interactions with years and sites were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Among the genotype effects, the number of tubers per plant contributed the most to variation, accounting for 50.04%, followed by tuber weight per plant (36.72%) and plot yield (20.92%). Among the interaction effects, the genotype × year × test site interaction explained the largest proportion of variation in stem diameter (36.85%), followed by number of stems (27.35%), plot yield (25.89%), and tuber weight per plant (25.04%). GGE biplot and MTSI analyses identified Atlantic (CK), Longshu 23, and Zhongshu 18 as superior and stable genotypes for key traits, including plant height and yield. Environmental evaluation identified Qingquan town and Huocheng town as the most discriminating and representative test environments for genotype assessment. In addition, the overall discriminating ability of the test sites improved from 2023 to the 2024-2025 period. These results indicate that GGE biplot and MTSI analyses can effectively identify superior genotypes and select optimal trial environments. In particular, Atlantic and Longshu 23 showed both high performance and strong stability across key traits, while the Qingquan and Huocheng sites in the 2024-2025 trials represented ideal environments for reliable variety evaluation and targeted promotion.

Key words: potato, interaction effects, pilot evaluation, GGE biplot, multivariate trait stability index, variety screening

Zhang Lian-Rui, Tang Zhen-San, He Zhen-Ming, Song Jin-Feng, Luan Qian-Qian, Yang Qiu-Hua. Deciphering genotype×environment interaction effect and selection of superior potato varieties in the oasis irrigation area of Northwest China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(10): 3142-3152.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Analysis of variance for agronomic and yield traits of potato"

性状 Trait	变异来源 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of square	自由度 df	均方 Mean square	F-value	P-value
株高 Plant height (cm)	基因型 Genotype (G)	33,321.67	16	2082.60	119.15	< 0.001
	环境 Environment (E)	12,462.63	2	6231.32	356.61	< 0.001
	年份 Year (Y)	13,329.06	2	6664.53	381.30	< 0.001
	基因型×环境G×E	54,022.80	32	1688.21	96.59	< 0.001
	基因型×年份G×Y	60,155.33	32	1879.85	107.55	< 0.001
	年份×环境Y×E	53,796.76	4	13,449.19	769.47	< 0.001
	基因型×年份×环境G×Y×E	7885.57	64	1231.34	70.45	< 0.001
	残差 Residual	5033.79	288	17.48
	总变异Total	311,315.29	458
茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	基因型 Genotype (G)	4.97	16	0.31	98.68	< 0.001
	环境 Environment (E)	1.63	2	0.82	259.38	< 0.001
	年份 Year (Y)	2.73	2	1.37	433.23	< 0.001
	基因型×环境G×E	10.35	32	0.32	102.66	< 0.001
	基因型×年份G×Y	11.47	32	0.36	113.80	< 0.001
	年份×环境Y×E	1.13	4	0.28	89.59	< 0.001
	基因型×年份×环境G×Y×E	19.39	64	0.30	96.16	< 0.001
	残差 Residual	0.91	288	0.00
	总变异Total	52.62	458
主茎数 Number of main stems per plant	基因型 Genotype (G)	69.33	16	4.33	9.04	< 0.001
	环境 Environment (E)	3.29	2	1.65	3.43	0.034
	年份 Year (Y)	8.94	2	4.47	9.32	< 0.001
	基因型×环境G×E	99.37	32	3.11	6.48	< 0.001
	基因型×年份G×Y	133.73	32	4.18	8.71	< 0.001
	年份×环境Y×E	2.59	4	0.65	1.35	0.025
	基因型×年份×环境G×Y×E	174.76	64	2.73	5.69	< 0.001
	残差 Residual	138.11	288	0.48
	总变异Total	638.86	458
单株结薯数 Number of tubers per plant	基因型 Genotype (G)	579.35	16	36.21	572.12	< 0.001
	环境 Environment (E)	2.70	2	1.35	21.48	< 0.001
	年份 Year (Y)	3.31	2	1.66	26.32	< 0.001
	基因型×环境G×E	105.95	32	3.31	52.59	< 0.001
	基因型×年份G×Y	239.14	32	7.47	118.70	< 0.001
	年份×环境Y×E	14.91	4	3.73	59.21	< 0.001
	基因型×年份×环境G×Y×E	193.01	64	3.02	47.90	< 0.001
	残差 Residual	18.13	288	0.06
	总变异Total	1157.75	458
单株薯重 Weight per potato plant	基因型 Genotype (G)	27.77	16	1.74	1217.17	< 0.001
	环境 Environment (E)	1.09	2	0.56	383.88	< 0.001
	年份 Year (Y)	1.36	2	0.68	477.86	< 0.001
	基因型×环境G×E	12.55	32	0.39	274.76	< 0.001
	基因型×年份G×Y	12.92	32	0.40	283.14	< 0.001
	年份×环境Y×E	0.54	4	0.14	95.23	< 0.001
	基因型×年份×环境G×Y×E	18.94	64	0.30	207.52	< 0.001
	残差 Residual	0.41	288	0.00
	总变异Total	75.63	458
小区产量 Plot yield of small-sized tuber	基因型 Genotype (G)	208,631.61	16	13,039.48	241.14	< 0.001
	环境 Environment (E)	45,300.25	2	22,650.13	418.87	< 0.001
	年份 Year (Y)	111,508.21	2	55,754.10	1031.05	< 0.001
	基因型×环境G×E	131,286.24	32	4102.70	75.87	< 0.001
	基因型×年份G×Y	137,598.89	32	4299.97	79.52	< 0.001
	年份×环境Y×E	87,950.41	4	21,987.60	406.61	< 0.001
	基因型×年份×环境G×Y×E	258,185.04	64	4034.14	74.60	< 0.001
	残差 Residual	15,573.55	288	54.07
	总变异Total	997,052.96	458

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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序号 Code	品种 Variety	来源 Source	序号 Code	品种 Variety	来源 Source
G1	克新1号 Kexin 1	黑龙江农业科学院 Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China	G10	陇薯23号Longshu 23	甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
G2	陇薯红1号 Longshuhong 1	甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China	G11	甘农薯9号Gannongshu 9	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University, China
G3	云薯304 Yunshu 304	云南省农业科学院 Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China	G12	甘农薯7号Gannongshu 7	甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University, China
G4	Innovator	荷兰 Netherlands	G13	青薯2号Qingshu 2	青海省农林科学院 Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China
G5	甘引9号 Ganyin 9	定西马铃薯研究所 Dingxi Potato Research Institute, China	G14	青薯9号Qingshu 9	青海省农林科学院 Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China
G6	夏波蒂 Shepody	加拿大 Canada	G15	陇薯17号Longshu 17	甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
G7	冀张薯12号Jizhangshu 12	张家口市农业科学院 Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China	G16	中薯18号Zhongshu 18	中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
G8	陇薯10号Longshu 10	甘肃省农业科学院 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China	G17	大西洋 Atlantic (CK)	美国 USA
G9	天薯11号Tianshu 11	天水市农业科学研究所 Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, China

试点 Location	土壤类型 Soil type	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降雨量 Annual rainfall (mm)	年日照时数 Annual sunshine duration (h)	年均温度 Mean annual temperature (℃)	无霜期 Frostless period (d)
清泉镇 Qingquan town (QQ)	灌漠土 Irrigated desert soil	1760	177	2819	5.6	142
位奇镇 Weiqi town (WQ)	灌漠土 Irrigated desert soil	2041	210	2821	5.5	108
霍城镇 Huocheng town (HC)	栗钙土 Chestnut soil	2380	230	2620	7.0	123

Deciphering genotype×environment interaction effect and selection of superior potato varieties in the oasis irrigation area of Northwest China

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