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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 3128-3141.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63008

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comprehensive evaluation and screening of alkali-resistant hybrid maize varieties at the seedling stage

Chen Xing-Hua1,2,3(), Chen Ran-Ran1,2, Xia Yu-Xin1, Kang Yi-Ran2, Wang Chuang1,2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Microelement Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2 Xiangzhou Tomato Science and Technology Village, Huazhong Agricultural University, Xiangyang 441122, Hubei, China
    3 Jingzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
  • Received:2026-01-11 Accepted:2026-07-15 Online:2026-10-12 Published:2026-07-23
  • Contact: Wang Chuang, E-mail: chuang.wang@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1900705-4)

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Abstract:

To screen suitable alkali-resistant hybrid maize varieties, two soil treatments, alkaline soil and control soil, were established in this study. A total of 10 indicators, including plant height, SPAD value, stem diameter, and total fresh weight, were measured in 40 hybrid maize varieties to systematically evaluate alkali tolerance at the seedling stage, and key indicators for alkali resistance evaluation were further identified using stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that all 10 measured indicators were significantly affected by alkali stress, and strong correlations were observed among some indicators. Based on membership function analysis and hierarchical clustering, the 40 hybrid maize varieties were classified into five groups. Among them, varieties such as YK338 and YD903 were identified as highly alkali-resistant, whereas DK653, TL1, XY335, and GY351 were extremely alkali-sensitive. Furthermore, a prediction model for alkali-resistant in maize seedlings was established using stepwise regression analysis, and total fresh weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, and stem diameter were identified as core indicators for evaluating alkali resistance in maize seedlings (R2 = 0.99). Analysis of extreme varieties showed that alkali-resistant maize varieties maintained significantly better growth performance than sensitive varieties under alkali stress. These alkali-resistant varieties enhanced their resistance by maintaining lower sodium ion (Na+) content, higher potassium ion (K+) content, and more efficient uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In conclusion, this study established a comprehensive evaluation system for alkali resistance in maize under soil culture conditions. The alkali-resistant varieties and core evaluation indicators identified here provide a theoretical basis and technical support for alkali-resistant maize breeding and the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land.

Key words: hybrid maize, seedling stage, germplasm resources, alkali resistance, comprehensive evaluation

Table 1

Hybrid maize varieties used in this study"

编号
Number		 品种名称
Variety name		 亲本来源
Parental source		 编号
Number		 品种名称
Variety name		 亲本来源
Parental source
1 苏玉29 Suyu 29 (SY29) S95-1×JS0451 21 京丰86 Jingfeng 86 (JF86) JX027×J21
2 恩禾单1号 Enhedan 1 (EHD1) 12ED-27×12FW-07 22 蠡单26 Lidan 26 (LD26) L117×L813
3 华皖267 Huawan 267 (HW267) LH993×L239 23 延科338 Yanke 338 (YK338) 99A573×LH1805
4 高玉14022 Gaoyu 14022 (GY14022) KNL1088×FL306 24 泽玉5号 Zeyu 5 (ZY5) Z05×N601
5 康农玉868 Kangnongyu 868 (KNY868) SCL05×FL11144 25 东单816 Dongdan 816 (DD816) 16F39×16F35
6 先玉335 Xianyu 335 (XY335) PH6WC×PH4CV 26 农单476 Nongda 476 (ND476) NX3435×PH6WC
7 登海605 Denghai 605 (DH605) DH351×DH382 27 华玉11 Huayu 11 (HY11) Q736×Q1
8 迪卡653 Dika 653 (DK653) H3659Z×G4675Z 28 先玉1466 Xianyu 1466 (XY1466) PH1DP8×PH1T8W
9 先玉045 Xianyu 045 (XY045) PH1DP8×PHRKB 29 隆平206 Longping 206 (LP206) L239×L7221
10 高玉351 Gaoyu 351 (GY351) KNL1088×FL3095 30 鲁单9088 Ludan 9088 (LD9088) LX088×LX03-2
11 登海518 Denghai 518 (DH518) 521×Y365 31 中玉303 Zhongyu 303 (ZY303) CN3373×CNH3323
12 金玉666 Jinyu 666 (JY666) PCH6323×GD932 32 百农5号 Bainong 5 (BN5) BN03×BN09
13 腾龙1号 Tenglong 1 (TL1) W525×W020 33 蠡玉128 Liyu 128 (LY128) L953×L119
14 康农玉108 Kangnongyu 108 (KNY108) FL119×FL218 34 隆平243 Longping 243 (LP243) LG311×LA7359
15 DF818 X79×T18 35 湘玉10号 Xiangyu 10 (XY10) 7164×MB11
16 隆平208 Longping 208 (LP208) L238×L72-6 36 瑞华玉288 Ruihuayu 288 (RHY288) 288-1×W5-4
17 C1210 DJ773Z×D5752Z 37 名鼎26 Mingding 26 (MD26) JW1059×JW261
18 津北288 Jinbei 288 (JB288) BX144×BX143 38 承玉10号 Chengyu 10 (CY10) CX24×853
19 NK718 J464×J2416 39 YF3240 XA1237×X15673
20 豫单903 Yudan 903 (YD903) Y1122×Y14111 40 康农20 Kangnong 20 (KN20) FL706×FL598

Table 2

Basic physicochemical properties of the soil"

处理
Treatment		 pH 碱解氮
AN (mg kg-1)		 速效磷
AP (mg kg-1)		 速效钾
AK (mg kg-1)		 有机质
SOM (g kg-1)		 电导率
EC (μS cm-1)		 含盐量
SC (%)		 钠吸附比
SAR
(mmol L-1)		 交换性钠百分比
ESP (%)
AT 8.76 13.13 12.33 70.00 3.61 108.93 0.17 14.26 17.56
CK 6.89 63.00 12.87 151.97 11.13 81.77 0.07 6.56 7.98

Fig. 1

Growth status of different maize seedlings under alkali stress Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. The numbers below the figure correspond to the variety numbers in Table 1. Scale bar = 10 cm."

Table 3

Changes in maize indicators under alkali stress"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 平均值±标准误
Mean ± SE		 最小值
Minimum		 最大值
Maximum		 变异系数
CV (%)		 品种
Variety (V)		 处理
Treatment (T)		 品种×处理
V×T
株高PH (cm) CK 40.97±0.50 19.50 51.50 13.24 *** *** ***
AT 28.40±0.68 9.50 44.40 26.07
SPAD CK 23.64±0.21 18.40 29.70 9.94 *** *** ***
AT 22.24±0.36 14.40 34.20 17.65
茎粗SD (cm) CK 3.33±0.03 2.12 4.41 10.87 *** *** ***
AT 2.94±0.04 1.47 3.94 16.42
总鲜重TFW (g) CK 3.66±0.10 0.95 5.93 30.63 *** *** ***
AT 2.03±0.07 0.51 4.03 37.81
根系鲜重RFW (g) CK 1.35±0.05 0.20 2.49 37.53 *** *** ***
AT 0.59±0.03 0.11 1.39 47.13
地上部鲜重SFW (g) CK 2.31±0.06 0.54 4.53 29.42 *** *** ***
AT 1.44±0.05 0.35 2.81 38.20
总干重TDW (g) CK 0.52±0.02 0.14 1.07 32.50 *** *** ***
AT 0.28±0.01 0.09 0.59 41.03
根系干重RDW (g) CK 0.22±0.01 0.05 0.53 39.45 *** *** ***
AT 0.11±0.01 0.02 0.88 76.03
地上部干重SDW (g) CK 0.30±0.01 0.08 0.54 32.05 *** *** ***
AT 0.18±0.01 0.05 0.47 44.82
根冠比RSR CK 0.74±0.02 0.34 1.47 27.16 *** *** ***
AT 0.60±0.02 0.21 1.17 34.00

Table 4

Changes in the ARC values of maize indicators under alkali stress"

指标
Index		 平均值±标准误
Mean ± SE		 显著性
Significance		 最小值
Minimum		 最大值
Maximum		 变异系数
CV (%)
株高耐碱系数ARCPH 0.70±0.02 *** 0.21 1.19 31.89
SPAD耐碱系数ARCSPAD 0.95±0.02 *** 0.49 1.66 24.21
茎粗耐碱系数ARCSD 0.89±0.02 *** 0.36 1.35 22.44
总鲜重耐碱系数ARCTFW 0.56±0.03 *** 0.10 1.80 53.55
根系鲜重耐碱系数ARCRFW 0.44±0.03 *** 0.06 1.74 68.21
地上部鲜重耐碱系数ARCSFW 0.62±0.03 *** 0.13 1.93 51.17
总干重耐碱系数ARCTDW 0.55±0.03 *** 0.13 1.79 58.85
根系干重耐碱系数ARCRDW 0.47±0.03 *** 0.06 2.22 71.09
地上部干重耐碱系数ARCSDW 0.60±0.03 *** 0.14 1.49 57.19
根冠比耐碱系数ARCRSR 0.80±0.03 *** 0.23 1.63 42.12

Table 5

Comprehensive evaluation D values and rankings of different maize varieties"

品种Variety D-value 排序Rank 品种Variety D-value 排序Rank
YK338 2.90 1 LD9088 1.25 21
YD903 2.78 2 BN5 1.25 22
DF818 2.60 3 XY1466 1.23 23
XY10 2.53 4 LP243 1.21 24
JF86 2.37 5 KN20 1.21 25
DH518 2.32 6 CY10 1.20 26
KNY108 2.25 7 HW267 1.15 27
LY128 2.00 8 YF3240 1.13 28
KNY868 1.91 9 JY666 1.11 29
LD26 1.89 10 C1210 1.08 30
DD816 1.89 11 ZY303 0.98 31
DH605 1.86 12 LP206 0.95 32
HY11 1.64 13 MD26 0.89 33
LP208 1.62 14 JB288 0.84 34
ND476 1.62 15 NK718 0.82 35
EHD1 1.39 16 SY29 0.79 36
XY045 1.36 17 GY351 0.71 37
RHY288 1.36 18 XY335 0.66 38
GY14022 1.35 19 TL1 0.61 39
ZY5 1.26 20 DK653 0.57 40

Fig. 2

Cluster analysis of alkali resistance in 40 maize varieties I: highly alkali-resistant varieties; II: alkali-resistant varieties; III: neutral varieties; IV: alkali-sensitive varieties; V: extremely alkali-sensitive varieties. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Correlation analysis of ARC values for different indicators Abbreviations are the same as given in Tables 3 and 4. *, **, and *** indicate significant correlations at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively."

Table 6

Grey relational analysis between ARC values and D values for different maize varieties"

指标Index 关联度Correlation degree 权重Weight (%) 排序Rank
茎粗SD 0.94 10.48 1
地上部鲜重SFW 0.92 10.33 2
总鲜重TFW 0.92 10.30 3
株高PH 0.91 10.16 4
总干重TDW 0.89 9.92 5
根系鲜重RFW 0.88 9.88 6
根冠比RSR 0.88 9.86 7
SPAD 0.88 9.83 8
地上部干重SDW 0.87 9.76 9
根系干重RDW 0.85 9.48 10

Table 7

Optimal prediction model for alkali stress resistance in different maize varieties"

胁迫Stress 模型Model R2 F-value P-value
碱胁迫
Alkali stress		 D = -0.075+2.85×XTFW 0.90 371.20 ***
D = -0.041+1.38×XTFW+0.098×XRDW 0.96 464.62 ***
D = -0.058+1.49×XTFW+0.54×XRDW+0.84×XTDW 0.98 682.83 ***
D = -0.31+XTFW×1.38+XRDW×0.48+XTDW×0.83+XSD×0.39 0.99 706.37 ***

Fig. 4

Phenotypic differences among extreme varieties under different treatments a: growth status of alkali-sensitive and alkali-resistant varieties; b: stem diameter (SD), total fresh weight (TFW), total dry weight (TDW), and root dry weight (RDW) of sensitive and resistant varieties. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among varieties under the same treatment at the 0.05 level."

Fig. 5

Differences in Na+, K+ contents and Na+/K+ among extreme varieties under different treatments Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among varieties under the same treatment at the 0.05 level."

Fig. 6

Differences in TN and TP contents among extreme varieties under different treatments TN: total nitrogen content; TP: total phosphorus co ntent. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among varieties under the same treatment at the 0.05 level."

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