大田长期水氮处理对土壤氮素及小麦籽粒淀粉糊化特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01067

Abstract

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) and water contents in soil are primary elements affecting grain yield and quality of wheat. For optimizing the water and fertilizer management in high-quality and high-efficiency wheat production, a split-plot experiment was carried out in the long-term fertilization fields in Wenxian county, Henan province in the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 winter wheat seasons. The main-plot factor was irrigation in three levels (W0 for no irrigation, W1 for 750 m ³ ha ^-1 at jointing, and W2 for 750 +750 m ³ ha ^-1 at jointing + anthesis), and the split-plot factor was N rate in four levels (0, 180, 240, and 300 kg ha ^-1). Yumai 49-198, a medium-gluten variety, was the unique variety used in the experiment. The soil NO₃ ^--N content in the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly lower, whereas, the amylopectin and starch contents, starch peak viscosity and final viscosity were significantly higher in W1 and W2 treatments than in W0 treatment. Under irrigation conditions, the volume of small starch granule (<5.0 μm) increased as compared with that under W0 condition, with the increase of 3.4% in W1 and 4.8% in W2 in the 2014-2015 wheat season. Nitrogen application improved soil NO₃ ^--N content but negatively affected amylose content and the percentage of small starch granules. Amylopectin and starch contents, peak viscosity, through viscosity, and final viscosity increased with N application ranging from 0 to 240 kg ha ^-1. The correlation analysis revealed positive correlations (P < 0.01) of NO₃ ^--N with starch yield, peak viscosity, through viscosity, and final viscosity. Results showed that under N 240 kg ha ^-1 and W1 condition the nitrate content in topsoil layer was 19.64-20.55 mg kg ^-1 having higher grain yield and good starch property.

Key words: irrigation and nitrogen interaction, NO₃ ^--N in soil, starch content, starch compositions, paste properties

Sha-Sha LI,Geng MA,Wei-Xing LIU,Juan KANG,Yu-Lu CHEN,Yang-Yang HU,Pan-Pan ZHANG,Chen-Yang WANG. Effects of Long-Term Irrigation and Nitrogen Regimes on Soil Nitrogen Content and Paste Property of Wheat Grain[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(7): 1067-1076.

Figures/Tables 7

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生长季 Growth season	全氮 Total nitrogen (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Hydrolysable nitrogen (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	pH
2014-2015	0.83±0.11	78.31±11.63	12.44±1.35	182.6±60.06	15.96±1.00	8.31±0.08
2015-2016	0.81±1.13	80.48±12.80	13.21±0.56	184.0±62.04	15.92±1.06	8.26±0.11

处理 Treatment	2014-2015			2015-2016
处理 Treatment	小淀粉粒 Small granule	中淀粉粒 Medium granule	大淀粉粒 Large granule	小淀粉粒 Small granule	中淀粉粒 Medium granule	大淀粉粒 Large granule
W0N0	12.64 a	85.65 c	1.73 a	17.28 a	75.82 c	6.87 b
W0N1	11.93 b	86.30 bc	1.64 ab	16.80 ab	76.35 b	6.65 b
W0N2	11.84 b	86.77 ab	1.32 ab	15.16 c	76.41 b	8.43 a
W0N3	11.74 b	87.08 a	1.15 c	15.60 bc	76.86 a	7.54 ab
W1N0	12.29 a	86.19 a	1.12 a	15.24 a	83.64 a	1.35 b
W1N1	11.42 b	86.16 a	1.07 a	15.21 a	82.72 a	2.10 ab
W1N2	11.41 b	87.72 a	0.86 b	14.58 a	83.67 a	2.30 ab
W1N3	11.40 b	86.77 a	0.86 b	14.30 a	82.96 a	3.01 a
W2N0	12.08 a	86.39 a	0.92 a	14.96 a	84.65 a	0.74 b
W2N1	11.36 b	86.63 a	0.88 a	13.66 a	85.41 a	1.66 a
W2N2	11.23 bc	86.69 a	0.79 b	13.54 a	85.57 a	1.04 b
W2N3	11.15 c	86.65 a	0.76 b	13.90 a	85.37 a	0.73 b
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
灌水Irrigation (W)	58.52^***	0.59	53.63^***	18.53^***	413.93^***	374.02^***
氮素Nitrogen (N)	88.70^***	5.16^**	9.98^***	4.85^**	2.14	3.23^*
W × N	0.38	1.49	1.33	0.57	0.44	3.70^*

处理 Treatment	2014-2015					2015-2016
	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity	谷值黏度 Through viscosity	稀澥值Breakdown	最终黏度 Final viscosity	反弹值 Setback	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity	谷值黏度 Through viscosity	稀澥值Breakdown	最终黏度 Final viscosity	反弹值Setback
	W0N0	2950 g	1951 e	999 e	3769 h	2950 g	2946 f	1977 e	970 d	3746 h	2946 f
	W0N1	3458 d	2369 c	1090 d	4380 b	3458 d	3158 d	2041 d	1118 b	3960 e	3158 d
W0N2	3669 b	2439 b	1230 a	4469 a	3669 b	3455 a	2233 b	1222 a	4041 d	3455 a
W0N3	3542 c	2426 b	1116 bcd	4268 cd	3542 c	3377 b	2139 c	1239 a	3854 fg	3377 b
W1N0	3284 f	2180 d	1104 cd	3860 g	3284 f	3069 e	2078 d	990 cd	3822 g	3069 e
W1N1	3562 c	2444 b	1118 bcd	4355 bc	3562 c	3279 c	2245 b	1034 bcd	4045 d	3279 c
W1N2	3767 a	2544 a	1223 a	4550 a	3767 a	3440 a	2332 a	1109 b	4238 b	3440 a
W1N3	3428 d	2380 c	1048 d	4247 d	3428 d	3370 b	2141 c	1229 a	3876 f	3370 b
W2N0	3360 e	2171 d	1188 ab	3952 f	3360 e	3125 d	2069 d	1056 bc	4045 d	3125 d
W2N1	3526 c	2355 c	1171 abc	4152 e	3526 c	3364 b	2249 b	1116 b	4187 c	3364 b
W2N2	3640 b	2444 b	1196 a	4269 cd	3640 b	3461 a	2358 a	1102 b	4388 a	3461 a
W2N3	3462 d	2352 c	1110 cd	4183 de	3462 d	3143 d	2145 c	998 cd	4160 c	3143 d
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
灌水Irrigation (W)	55.06^***	41.26^***	6.28^**	16.04^***	9.67^**	9.94^**	62.85^***	7.50^**	478.92^***	181.77^***
氮素Nitrogen (N)	522.36^***	392.52^***	18.75^***	204.43^***	14.72^***	257.87^***	155.91^***	21.43^***	358.98^***	22.48^***
W × N	62.30^***	25.45^***	5.53^**	12.68^***	3.71^**	34.52^***	10.00^***	11.36^***	10.99^***	17.62^***

Effects of Long-Term Irrigation and Nitrogen Regimes on Soil Nitrogen Content and Paste Property of Wheat Grain

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