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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 26-36.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84060

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic diversity analysis and distinctness identification of peanut cultivars based on morphological traits and SSR markers

Hong LIU1(),Zhen-Jiang XU1(),De-Hua RAO1,Qing LU2,3,Shao-Xiong LI2,3,Hai-Yan LIU2,3, 2,3,Xuan-Qiang LIANG2,3,Yan-Bin HONG2,3,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    2 Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
    3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2018-04-27 Accepted:2018-08-20 Online:2018-09-19 Published:2018-09-19
  • Contact: Yan-Bin HONG E-mail:laoliuhongscau@163.com;zhenjiangxu521@scau.edu.cn;hongyanbin@gdaas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771841);2015 Variety Resource Protection Project(2015-18);Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province(2013B020301014);Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province(2013B050800021);Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province(2017A030311007);Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province(2016B020201003);Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province(2015A030313565);Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance Construction Project of Guangdong Province.(2016LM3161)

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Abstract:

The genetic diversity and distinctness of 101 peanut varieties participated in the South China peanut field trial were analyzed based on their morphological traits and SSR markers. Among 29 morphological traits seven were no difference while 22 demonstrated diversity indexes ranging from 0.23 to 0.77, with an average of 0.43. The varieties were divided into seven groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.76, and those released by the same breeding institution tended to converge into one cluster. Molecular characterization with 40 highly informative SSRs generated a total of 167 alleles ranging from 2 to 6 (averaged 4.18) alleles per marker. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of these markers varied from 0.79 to 0.26 with an average of 0.55/marker. The varieties were divided into six groups based on the similarity coefficient of 0.70, and those released by the same province tended to converge into one cluster. Mantel testing revealed that the correlations of the similarity coefficient matrixes between the morphological traits and SSR markers were weak (r = 0.36), implying that SSR markers are unable to replace morphological traits to be solely adopted to identify the distinctness of peanut varieties, but the combination of morphological traits and SSR markers will effectively increase the accuracy of distinctiveness identification.

Key words: peanut, morphology, SSR, genetic diversity, DUS

Table 1

Numbers and sources of the peanut varieties"

品种
Variety		 数量
Number		 育种单位
Breeding unit		 省份
Province
粤油系列
YY series		 16 广东省农业科学院作物研究所
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 广东
Guangdong
航花系列
HH series		 2 广东省农业科学院作物研究所
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 广东
Guangdong
汕油系列
SY series		 10 汕头市农业科学研究所
Shantou Agricultural Science Research Institute		 广东
Guangdong
仲恺花系列
ZKH series		 8 仲恺农业工程学院
Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering		 广东
Guangdong
湛油系列
ZY series		 9 湛江市农业科学研究院
Zhanjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 广东
Guangdong
泉花系列
QH series		 8 泉州市农业科学研究所
Quanzhou Agricultural Science Research Institute		 福建
Fujian
闽花系列
MH series		 8 福建农林大学
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University		 福建
Fujian
金花系列
JH series		 2 福建农林大学
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University		 福建
Fujian
龙花系列
LH series		 7 龙岩市农业科学研究所
Longyan Agricultural Science Research Institute		 福建
Fujian
莆花系列
PH series		 5 莆田市农业科学研究所
Putian Agricultural Science Research Institute		 福建
Fujian
福花系列
FH series		 3 福建省农业科学院作物研究所
Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 福建
Fujian
桂花系列
GH series		 11 广西农业科学院经济作物研究所
Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 广西
Guangxi
贺油系列
HY series		 8 贺州市农业科学研究所
Hezhou Agricultural Science Research Institute		 广西
Guangxi
湘花系列
XH series		 2 湖南农业大学
Hunan Agricultural University		 湖南
Hunan
云花系列
YH series		 2 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所
Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 云南
Yunnan

Table 2

Morphological traits of the tested varieties"

序号
No.		 形态学性状
Morphological trait		 性状代码
Code of traits		 Simpson指数
Simpson’s index
1 开花期 Flowering stage 3/4/5 0.31
2 植株: 开花习性 Plant: flowering general pattern 2 0
3 主茎: 开花习性 Main stem: flowering general pattern 3 0
4 叶: 小叶形状 Leaflet :shape 2 0
5 叶: 绿色程度 Leaflet: green degree 5/6/7 0.29
6 花: 花冠颜色 Flower: corolla color 2 0
7 植株: 生长习性 Plant: growth habit 1 0
8 叶: 小叶大小 Leaflet: size 5/6/7 0.36
9 主茎: 花青甙显色 Main stem: anthocyanin coloration 1/9 0.32
10 主茎: 茸毛密度 Main stem: pubescence density 1/2/3/5/6 0.37
11 植株: 主茎高度 Plant: main stem height 4/5/6 0.44
12 植株: 分枝数量 Plant: branching 3/4 0.38
13 植株: 侧枝长度 Plant: side branch length 4/5/6/7 0.43
14 成熟期 Mature period 4/5/6 0.31
15 荚果: 籽仁率Pod: rate of seed produced 2 0
16 植株: 荚果数 Plant: pods number 3/4/5 0.61
17 籽仁: 休眠期 Kernel: dormancy period 2/3/4/5 0.41
18 荚果: 长度 Pod: length 4/5/6 0.59
19 荚果: 缢缩程度 Pod: constrictions degree 3/4/5/6 0.48
20 荚果: 果嘴明显程度 Pod: prominence of beak 1/2/3/4/5/6 0.73
21 荚果: 果嘴形状 Pod: beak shape 1/2 0.24
22 荚果: 表面质地 Pod: surface texture 2/3/4/5 0.46
23 荚果: 出仁率 Pod: kernel percentage 3/4/5/6 0.67
24 籽仁: 百仁重 Kernel: weight per 100 kernels 1/2/3/4/5/6/7 0.77
25 籽仁: 形状 Kernel: shape 1/2 0.23
26 籽仁: 种皮颜色数量 Kernel: testa color number 1 0
27 籽仁: 种皮颜色 Kernel: testa color 2/4 0.38
28 籽仁: 种皮裂纹 Kernel: testa crack 1/2/3/4/5 0.52
29 籽仁: 种皮内表面颜色 Kernel: endortesta color 1/2 0.23

Fig. 1

Cluster dendrogram based on the morphological traits"

Table 3

Result of amplifying by selcted primers"

Fig. 3

Comparison of genetic similarity coefficient matrix between morphological traits and SSR markers"

Fig. 2

Cluster dendrogram based on the SSR markers"

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