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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 248-255.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83042

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Photosynthetic characteristics of senescent leaf induced by high planting density of maize at heading stage in the field

Han-Yu WU1,2,Ya-Jun ZHANG2,Wang-Feng ZHANG1,3,*(),Ke-Ru WANG4,Shao-Kun LI4,Chuang-Dao JIANG2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
    3 College of Agriculture, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    4 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-05-03 Accepted:2018-10-08 Online:2019-02-12 Published:2019-01-07
  • Contact: Wang-Feng ZHANG,Chuang-Dao JIANG E-mail:wfzhang65@163.com;jcdao@ibcas.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571576);and the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB150401)

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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted using maize variety “Xianyu 335” at heading stage to study the influences of planting density (15,000 plants ha -1, 75,000 plants ha -1, and 135,000 plants ha -1) on canopy light intensity, specific leaf weight, nitrogen content, chlorophyll content, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics of the ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear. With increasing the density, the light intensity within the canopy significantly reduced, especially around the fourth leaf below ear, and the specific leaf weight and content of nitrogen and chlorophyll in the ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear reduced. The fluorescence induction kinetics of the ear leaf revealed little changes under different planting densities. Compared with low density, the J and I phases of the fluorescence induction kinetics curves increased slightly in the fourth leaf below ear under high density. In addition, at high planting density, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the both leaves decreased. The intercellular CO2 concentration decreased in the ear leaf, while increased in the fourth leaf below ear. Therefore, we believe that the heterogeneity of light environment can rapidly induce senescence in the lower leaves of the canopy (such as the fourth leaf below ear) at heading stage under high planting density in the field. In the process of leaf senescence within canopy, the limiting factor of photosynthesis is not light energy capture and electron transport, while may be the decrease of carbon assimilation.

Key words: photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics curves, planting density, low light, senescence

Fig. 1

Effects of planting density on light intensity (A) and specific leaf weight (B) of ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear of maize at heading period LD: low planting density; MD: medium planting density; HD: high planting density. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level among different treatments."

Fig. 2

Effects of planting density on nitrogen content and nitrogen/carbon ratio of ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear of maize at heading period LD: low planting density; MD: medium planting density; HD: high planting density. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level among different treatments."

Fig. 3

Effects of planting density on chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll b (B), carotenoid (C), and total chlorophyll contents (D) of ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear of maize at heading period LD: low planting density; MD: medium planting density; HD: high planting density. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level among different treatments."

Fig. 4

Effects of planting density on chlorophyll a fluorescence transient(OJIP) of ear leaf (A) and the fourth leaf below ear (B) of maize at heading period LD: low planting density; MD: medium planting density; HD: high planting density."

Fig. 5

Effects of planting density on fluorescence parameters of ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear of maize at heading period LD: low planting density; MD: medium planting density; HD: high planting density. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level among different treatments."

Fig. 6

Effects of planting density on gas exchange parameters of ear leaf and the fourth leaf below ear of maize at heading period (A): net photosynthetic rate; (B): stomatal conductance; (C): transpiration rate; (D): intercellular CO2 concentration. LD: low planting density; MD: medium planting density; HD: high planting density. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level among different treatments."

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