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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 714-727.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01048

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Seedling root characteristics and drought resistance of wheat in Shanxi province

ZHAO Jia-Jia1,2(), QIAO Ling2, WU Bang-Bang2, GE Chuan1, QIAO Lin-Yi1, ZHANG Shu-Wei1, YAN Su-Xian2, ZHENG Xing-Wei2,*(), ZHENG Jun2,*()   

  1. 1Academy of Organic Dry Farming Agricultural Research, Shanxi Agriculture University, the Key Laboratory of Organic Dry Farming of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
    2Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agriculture University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-06-08 Accepted:2020-09-13 Online:2021-04-12 Published:2020-09-25
  • Contact: ZHENG Xing-Wei,ZHENG Jun E-mail:jjzh1990@163.com;smilezxw@126.com;sxnkyzj@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Key Laboratory of Organic Dry Farming of Shanxi Province(201805D111015-2);Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(201901D211567);Agricultural Science and Technology Project(YCX2018413);Shanxi Province Key Research and Development Program(201803D421021)

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Abstract:

Wheat root morphology at the seedling stage is the basis of root distribution at the adult stage. It is closely related to stress resistance and yield. A comprehensive understanding of the root system characteristics at seedling stage and drought resistance is of great significance for the excellent germplasm utilization and early screening of drought resistance. Using 239 wheat varieties (lines) from Shanxi province, the root traits at seedling stage and their response to water stress were evaluated. The results showed that under normal growth, Shanxi wheat had a great variation in root traits at seedling stage, with the greatest variation in landraces. The maximum root length (MRL) tended to decrease slightly with the years, while other root traits were first increased and then decreased. There were differences among the root traits in response to water stress. The total root length (TRL) is the most sensitive to water, followed by root surface area (RSA), root volume (RV) and root biomass. The maximum root length (MRL) and the average number of roots (RN) were insensitive. The drought resistance of seedling roots showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the years. Landraces and varieties released from 1970 to 1979 had moderately resistance to water stress, varieties released from 1980 to 1999 had lower drought resistance, and varieties released after 2000 had the better resistance, of which the dryland varieties were the best resistance. Correlation analysis of the seedling root characteristics and yield related traits suggested that the maximum root length, total root length, root volume and root biomass were significantly positively correlated with 1000-kernel weight and yield under rain-fed conditions, and the maximum root length and root biomass were also significantly positively correlated with adult plant drought resistance. The present study suggests that the maximum root length and root biomass at the seedling stage can be used as early generation selection parameters for drought resistance and yield in dryland breeding in semi-arid areas.

Key words: Shanxi wheat, seedling root system, drought resistance characteristics, evolution trend.

Table S1

Wheat cultivars bred in Shanxi province and the approval of the year"

编号
No.		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 类型
Type		 编号
No.		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 类型
Type
1 晋麦1号 Jinmai 1 1973 旱DC 121 晋麦88 Jinmai 88 2009 旱DC
2 晋麦5号 Jinmai 5 1973 旱DC 122 山农129 Shannong 129 2009 水IC
3 晋春3号 Jinchun 3 1974 旱DC 123 太13606 Tai 13606 2009 水IC
4 晋麦11 Jinmai 11 1980 水IC 124 长麦5973 Changmai 5973 2009 水IC
5 晋麦12 Jinmai 12 1980 水IC 125 长5222 Chang 5222 2009 水IC
6 晋麦13 Jinmai 13 1980 旱DC 126 晋麦88 Jinmai 88 2009 旱DC
7 晋麦16 Jinmai 16 1982 旱DC 127 NC206 2009 水IC
8 晋麦17 Jinmai 17 1982 旱DC 128 临Y7287 Lin Y7287 2009 水IC
9 晋麦18 Jinmai 18 1983 水IC 129 晋春16 Jinchun 16 2009 水IC
10 晋麦19 Jinmai 19 1983 水IC 130 长麦6135 Changmai 6135 2010 水IC
11 晋麦20 Jinmai 20 1984 水IC 131 临远8号 Linyuan 8 2010 水IC
12 晋麦21 Jinmai 21 1985 水IC 132 长麦251 Changmai 251 2011 水IC
13 晋麦22 Jinmai 22 1985 旱DC 133 长8744 Chang 8744 2011 旱DC
14 晋麦23 Jinmai 23 1985 水IC 134 晋麦90 Jinmai 90 2011 旱DC
15 晋麦24 Jinmai 24 1987 水IC 135 晋麦91 Jinmai 91 2011 旱DC
16 晋麦25 Jinmai 25 1988 水IC 136 运旱805 Yunhan 805 2011 旱DC
17 晋麦9号 Jinmai 9 1988 水IC 137 尧麦16 Yaomai 16 2011 水IC
18 晋麦27 Jinmai 27 1989 旱DC 138 舜麦1718 Shunmai 1718 2011 水IC
19 晋麦28 Jinmai 28 1989 旱DC 139 晋麦92 Jinmai 92 2013 旱DC
20 晋麦29 Jinmai 29 1989 旱DC 140 晋太182 Jintai 182 2013 水IC
21 晋麦30 Jinmai 30 1990 水IC 141 长4853 Chang 4853 2013 旱DC
22 晋麦31 Jinmai 31 1990 水IC 142 晋麦94 Jinmai 94 2014 水IC
23 晋麦32 Jinmai 32 1990 水IC 143 晋麦95 Jinmai 95 2014 水IC
24 晋麦33 Jinmai 33 1990 旱DC 144 晋麦96 Jinmai 96 2014 水IC
25 晋麦35 Jinmai 35 1990 水IC 145 晋太102 Jintai 102 2014 水IC
26 晋麦36 Jinmai 36 1991 旱DC 146 晋麦97 Jinmai 97 2014 旱DC
27 晋麦37 Jinmai 37 1991 水IC 147 晋麦98 Jinmai 98 2014 旱DC
28 晋麦38 Jinmai 38 1991 旱DC 148 太春3473 Taichun 3473 2014 水IC
29 晋麦39 Jinmai 39 1991 旱DC 149 晋麦99 Jinmai 99 2015 旱DC
30 晋麦40 Jinmai 40 1991 旱DC 150 良星67 Liangxing 67 2016 水IC
31 晋麦41 Jinmai 41 1992 水IC 151 运旱137 Yunhan 137 2016 旱DC
32 晋麦42 Jinmai 42 1992 旱DC 152 太113 Tai 113 2016 水IC
33 晋麦44 Jinmai 44 1992 旱DC 153 晋作80 Jinzuo 80 2016 水IC
34 晋麦43 Jinmai 43 1992 旱DC 154 晋太114 Jintai 114 2016 水IC
35 晋麦45 Jinmai 45 1993 水IC 155 长6794 Chang 6794 2016 水IC
36 晋麦46 Jinmai 46 1994 旱DC 156 晋太1310 Jintai 1310 2016 旱DC
37 晋麦47 Jinmai 47 1995 旱DC 157 长6990 Chang 6990 2016 旱DC
38 晋麦48 Jinmai 48 1995 水IC 158 中麦247 Zhongmai 247 2016 水IC
39 晋麦49 Jinmai 49 1996 水IC 159 润麦2号 Runmai 2 2016 旱DC
40 晋麦50 Jinmai 50 1996 旱DC 160 长6197 Chang 6197 2017 旱DC
41 晋麦51 Jinmai 51 1996 旱DC 161 长7080 Chang 7080 2017 旱DC
42 晋麦52 Jinmai 52 1996 水IC 162 临Y8161 Lin Y8161 2017 旱DC
43 晋麦53 Jinmai 53 1996 水、旱IC, DC 163 晋太141 Jintai 141 2017 旱DC
44 晋春13 Jinchun 13 1996 水IC 164 晋太146 Jintai 146 2017 水IC
编号
No.		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 类型
Type		 编号
No.		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 类型
Type
45 晋麦54 Jinmai 54 1997 旱DC 165 太412 Tai 412 2017 水IC
46 黑小麦76 Heixiaomai 76 1997 水IC 166 石农086 Shinong 086 2017 水IC
47 晋麦56 Jinmai 56 1998 旱DC 167 翔麦23 Xiangmai 23 2017 水IC
48 晋麦57 Jinmai 57 1998 旱DC 168 运旱139-2 Yunhan 139-2 2017 旱DC
49 晋麦58 Jinmai 58 1998 水IC 169 翔麦8156 Xiangmai 8156 2017 旱DC
50 晋麦59 Jinmai 59 1998 旱DC 170 晋麦104 Jinmai 104 2017 旱DC
51 晋麦60 Jinmai 60 1999 旱DC 171 晋春17 Jinchun 17 2017 水IC
52 晋麦61 Jinmai 61 1999 旱DC 172 鲁科298 Luke 298 2018 水IC
53 晋麦62 Jinmai 62 1999 水IC 173 太1305 Tai 1305 2018 旱DC
54 晋麦63 Jinmai 63 1999 旱DC 174 运14观74 Yun 14 guan 74 2018 水IC
55 晋春14 Jinchun 14 1999 水IC 175 晋麦101 Jinmai 101 2018 旱DC
56 晋麦65 Jinmai 65 2000 水IC 176 晋麦102 Jinmai 102 2018 旱DC
57 晋麦66 Jinmai 66 2000 水IC 177 运旱1512 Yunhan 1512 2018 旱DC
58 晋麦67 Jinmai 67 2000 水IC 178 临旱9号 Linhan 9 2018 旱DC
59 晋麦68 Jinmai 68 2000 旱DC 179 沃麦323 Womai 323 2018 旱DC
60 晋麦70 Jinmai 70 2001 旱DC 180 金麦919 Jinmai 9191 2018 旱DC
61 晋麦71 Jinmai 71 2001 水IC 181 长6789 Chang 6789 2018 水IC
62 晋麦72 Jinmai 72 2001 水IC 182 运旱1411-2 Yunhan 1411-2 2018 旱DC
63 晋麦73 Jinmai 73 2002 旱DC 183 太麦101 Taimai 101 2018 水IC
64 晋麦74 Jinmai 74 2002 水IC 184 晋太1510 Jintai 1510 2018 旱DC
65 晋麦75 Jinmai 75 2002 水IC 185 长麦3897 Changmai 3897 2018 旱DC
66 临汾615 Linfen 615 2002 水IC 186 运黑14207 Yunhei 14207 2018 水IC
67 运引1号 Yunyin 1 2002 水IC 187 运黑161 Yunhei 161 2018 水IC
68 晋农207 Jinnong 207 2002 水IC 188 运糯32 Yunnuo 32 2018 水IC
69 中旱110 Zhonghan 110 2002 旱DC 189 临7006 Lin 7006 2018 水IC
70 长6878 Chang 6878 2002 旱DC 190 临Y8012 Lin Y8012 2018 水IC
71 晋太170 Jintai 170 2002 旱DC 191 中麦110 Zhongmai 110 2019 水IC
72 长治5608 Changzhi 5608 2002 旱DC 192 龙麦1号 Longmai 1 2019 水IC
73 临优145 Linyou 145 2003 水IC 193 晋麦105 Jinmai 105 2019 旱DC
74 临汾138 Linfen 138 2003 水IC 194 ZM148 2019 水IC
75 长6154 Chang 6154 2003 旱DC 195 长5638 Chang 5638 2019 水IC
76 河东TX-006
Hedong TX-006		 2003 旱DC 196 晋太1508 Jintai 1508 2019 水IC
77 晋太65 Jintai 65 2003 水IC 197 太麦103 Taimai 103 2019 水IC
78 运旱21-30 Yunhan 21-30 2003 旱DC 198 临研151 Linyan 151 2019 水IC
79 临丰3号 Linfeng 3 2004 旱DC 199 气死风 Qisifeng — 地方种 Landrace
80 临远3158 Linyuan 3158 2004 水IC 200 红和尚 Hongheshang — 地方种 Landrace
81 临抗11 Linkang 11 2004 旱DC 201 西安麦 Xianmai — 地方种 Landrace
82 泽优2号 Zeyou 2 2004 旱DC 202 笨麦 Benmai — 地方种 Landrace
83 冬黑1号 Donghei 1 2004 水IC 203 白壳红 Baikehong — 地方种 Landrace
84 运黑28 Yunhei 28 2004 水IC 204 红水麦 Hongshuimai — 地方种 Landrace
85 冬黑10号 Donghei 10 2004 旱DC 205 金裹银 Jinguoyin — 地方种 Landrace
86 运麦2064 Yunmai 2064 2004 水IC 206 游白兰 Youbailan — 地方种 Landrace
87 吕旱1608 Lyuhan 1608 2004 旱DC 207 白线麦 Baixianmai — 地方种 Landrace
88 晋春15 Jinchun 15 2004 水IC 208 白梗茬 Baigengcha — 地方种Landrace
编号
No.		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 类型
Type		 编号
No.		 品种
Variety		 年份
Year		 类型
Type
89 临优2018 Linyou 2018 2005 水IC 209 新城雪里梅Xinchengxuelimei — 地方种 Landrace
90 临优2069 Linyou 2069 2005 水IC 210 白山麦 Baishanmai — 地方种 Landrace
91 运旱2335 Yunhan 2335 2005 旱DC 211 白火麦 Baihuomai — 地方种 Landrace
92 长6359 Chang 6359 2005 旱DC 212 白三月黄 Baisanyuehuang — 地方种 Landrace
93 长麦5079 Changmai 5079 2005 旱DC 213 大白麦 Dabaimai — 地方种 Landrace
94 长6452 Chang 6452 2005 水IC 214 小红皮 Xiaohongpi — 地方种 Landrace
95 长4640 Chang 4640 2005 旱DC 215 牛趾甲(离石) Niuzhijia (Lishi) — 地方种 Landrace
96 汾黑麦1831 Fenheimai 1831 2005 旱DC 216 红粒麦 Honglimai — 地方种 Landrace
97 晋麦78 Jinmai 78 2006 旱DC 217 绛州红 Jiangzhouhong — 地方种 Landrace
98 晋麦79 Jinmai 79 2006 旱DC 218 假红麦 Jiahongmai — 地方种 Landrace
99 晋麦80 Jinmai 80 2006 旱DC 219 牛趾甲(中阳) Niuzhijia (Zhongyang) — 地方种 Landrace
100 晋麦81 Jinmai 81 2006 旱DC 220 四月黄 Siyuehuang — 地方种 Landrace
101 汾4846 Fen 4846 2006 水IC 221 三月黄 Sanyuehuang — 地方种 Landrace
102 汾4439 Fen 4439 2006 水IC 222 白芒糙 Baimangcao — 地方种Landrace
103 临旱6号 Linhan 6 2006 旱DC 223 有芒大红茎 Youmangdahongjing — 地方种 Landrace
104 运麦218 Yunmai 218 2006 水IC 224 竹秆青 Zhuganqing — 地方种 Landrace
105 晋麦82 Jinmai 82 2007 水IC 225 红秃麦(屯留) Hongtumai (Tunliu) — 地方种 Landrace
106 临汾8050 Linfen 8050 2007 水IC 226 白秃麦(屯留) Baitumai (Tunliu) — 地方种 Landrace
107 晋麦83 Jinmai 83 2007 水IC 227 白秃麦(吉县) Baitumai (Jixian) — 地方种 Landrace
108 临汾6510 Linfen 6510 2007 水IC 228 红秃麦(吉县) Hongtumai (Jixian) — 地方种 Landrace
109 运旱20410 Yunmai 20410 2007 旱DC 229 红蚰麦 Hongyoumai — 地方种 Landrace
110 长麦6686 Changmai 6686 2007 水IC 230 红皮冬麦 Hongpidongmai — 地方种 Landrace
111 长7016 Chang 7016 2007 旱DC 231 白山疙瘩 Baishangeda — 地方种 Landrace
112 中麦175 Zhongmai 175 2007 水IC 232 红叶蚰 Hongyeyou — 地方种 Landrace
113 晋麦84 Jinmai 84 2008 水IC 233 玉兰麦 Yulanmai — 地方种 Landrace
114 晋麦85 Jinmai 85 2008 旱DC 234 紫麦 Zimai — 地方种 Landrace
115 晋太9923 Jintai 9923 2008 水IC 235 大同小麦 Datongxiaomai — 地方种 Landrace
116 晋麦86 Jinmai 86 2008 水IC 236 齐穗麦 Qisuimai — 地方种 Landrace
117 太5902 Tai 5902 2008 水IC 237 大红麦 Dahongmai — 地方种 Landrace
118 长麦6135 Changmai 6135 2008 旱DC 238 火烧头 Huoshaotou — 地方种 Landrace
119 晋麦87 Jinmai 87 2009 旱DC 239 定兴寨小麦 Dingxingzhaixiaomai — 地方种 Landrace
120 运旱719 Yunhan 719 2009 旱DC

Fig. 1

Monthly rainfall of two years during whole growth stage in wheat"

Fig. 2

Root traits of wheat at seedling stage in Shanxi province A: diversity of seedling root with five plants under control in wheat; 1: Jinchun 16; 2: Yulanmai; 3: Jinmai 79; 4: Linyou 145; 5: Jinmai 73; 6: Jinmai 86. B: difference of root traits at seedling stage between control and drought stress. YH 21-30: Yunhan 21-30; CM 6973: Changmai 6973."

Table 1

Analysis of root traits at seedling stage in Shanxi province under normal condition in wheat"

性状
Trait		 地方种Landrace 旱地品种Dryland cultivar 水地品种 Irrigated cultivar
变幅
Range		 均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)		 变幅
Range		 均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)		 变幅
Range		 均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)
最大根长MRL (cm) 13.42-25.10 17.99±0.40 14.10 11.50-22.33 16.95±0.24 13.77 11.75-22.77 17.27±0.24 14.21
总长度TRL (cm) 48.85-194.20 114.75±6.31 35.24 45.45-219.74 123.66±3.56 28.03 58.79-250.98 135.79±3.81 28.45
表面积RSA (cm2) 5.82-20.97 11.67±0.51 27.79 6.59-23.35 13.79±0.34 23.95 7.76-21.46 14.73±0.29 19.92
体积RV (cm3) 0.06-0.27 0.125±0.006 29.14 0.08-0.31 0.16±0.005 27.07 0.09-0.29 0.17±0.004 21.01
平均根数RN 3.00-5.67 4.71±0.09 12.89 3.00-7.33 5.35±0.07 13.01 3.33-7.00 5.26±0.06 11.38
地上鲜重SFW (g) 0.07-0.16 0.11±0.003 17.86 0.09-0.19 0.136±0.002 16.68 0.09-0.20 0.135±0.002 14.93
地上干重SDW (g) 0.01-0.02 0.013±0.0004 20.31 0.01-0.03 0.018±0.0003 17.92 0.01-0.02 0.018±0.0003 14.75
根鲜重RFW (g) 0.06-0.14 0.099±0.003 19.94 0.08-0.20 0.124±0.003 21.30 0.08-0.19 0.132±0.0025 19.04
根干重RDW (g) 0.005-0.012 0.008±0.0002 18.89 0.01-0.02 0.011±0.0003 22.11 0.01-0.02 0.011±0.0002 17.28
鲜根冠比FRSR 0.56-1.24 0.90±0.023 16.36 0.48-1.37 0.92±0.018 19.24 0.54-1.45 0.99±0.017 17.41
干根冠比DRSR 0.39-0.92 0.64±0.017 16.66 0.37-0.92 0.62±0.012 18.82 0.37-1.01 0.65±0.011 17.76
地上含水量SWC 0.86-0.90 0.88±0.001 0.98 0.84-0.90 0.87±0.001 1.29 0.84-0.89 0.87±0.001 1.17
地下含水量RWC 0.9-0.93 0.92±0.001 0.89 0.89-0.94 0.91±0.001 1.14 0.89-0.93 0.91±0.001 0.93

Table 2

Analysis on seedling root traits under drought treatment in wheat"

Fig. 3

DTC (drought-tolerance coefficient) of root traits at seedling stage of wheat in Shanxi province"

Fig. 4

Evolution of seedling root traits of wheat in Shanxi province Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 5

Drought-tolerance evaluation of wheat root at seedling stage in Shanxi province"

Fig. 6

Osmotic potential of wheat seedling under drought treatments A: osmotic potential of leaf; B: osmotic potential of root. JM88: Jinmai 88; JM83: Jinmai 83; JM82: Jinmai 82; YH 21-30: Yunhan 21-30; JM90: Jinmai 90; JC16: Jinchun 16; JC14: Jinchun 14; YH 20410: Yunhan 20410; CM 5973: Changmai 5973."

Table 3

Correlation analysis between seedling root traits and yield-related traits"

DTCi′ 成株期
D值
D-value at
adult stage		 雨养Rain-fed 灌溉Well-watered
株高
PH		 小穗数
SNPP		 穗粒数
GNPS		 有效
分蘖
EPT		 千粒重
TKW		 单株
产量
YPP		 株高
PH		 小穗数
SNPP		 穗粒数
GNPS		 有效
分蘖
EPT		 千粒重
TKW		 单株产量
YPP
MRL 0.193* 0.025 -0.043 -0.043 0.186 0.186* 0.189* -0.084 -0.111 -0.163* 0.079 0.111 -0.093
TRL 0.195 -0.059 0.011 -0.046 0.098 0.181* 0.167* -0.089 -0.024 -0.119 0.049 0.170* -0.016
RSA 0.114 -0.031 0.071 -0.004 0.112 0.225** 0.116 -0.034 0.029 -0.111 0.043 0.206** 0.011
RV 0.086 -0.004 0.120 0.068 0.112 0.201* 0.190* 0.038 0.097 -0.052 0.024 0.190* 0.056
RN -0.175* -0.183* 0.131 0.140 -0.051 -0.075 0.064 -0.063 0.022 0.006 0.128 0.048 0.032
SFW 0.172* 0.009 0.076 -0.008 0.182 0.162* 0.078 -0.045 -0.008 -0.123 0.090 0.112 -0.043
SDW 0.207** 0.026 0.006 -0.008 0.236 0.229** 0.112 -0.032 -0.056 -0.124 0.071 0.141 -0.030
RFW 0.175* 0.004 0.059 0.059 0.189 0.239** 0.179* 0.012 -0.019 -0.117 0.089 0.164* -0.017
RDW 0.184* 0.020 0.108 0.019 0.154 0.346** 0.198* -0.004 0.019 -0.079 0.072 0.277** 0.082
FRSR 0.054 -0.007 -0.052 -0.016 -0.010 0.061 0.022 0.082 -0.022 -0.008 -0.019 -0.002 -0.011
DRSR -0.045 -0.039 0.147 -0.019 -0.136 0.114 0.045 0.049 0.108 -0.007 0.002 0.147 0.071
SWLR -0.050 0.004 0.187* 0.042 -0.009 -0.054 0.008 0.018 0.115 -0.045 0.061 0.014 -0.027
RWLR 0.131 -0.025 -0.025 0.012 0.093 -0.060 -0.017 -0.022 -0.058 -0.134 0.061 -0.160* -0.210**
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