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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2588-2596.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13063

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Role of complementarity and select effect for yield advantage of maize/legumes intercropping systems

ZHAO Jian-Hua(), SUN Jian-Hao, CHEN Liang-Zhi, LI Wei-Qi   

  1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2021-11-04 Accepted:2022-02-25 Online:2022-10-12 Published:2022-04-01
  • Contact: ZHAO Jian-Hua E-mail:zhaojianhuatt@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060261);Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, China(21JR1RA360);Youth Foundation of Gansu Academy Agricultural Sciences(2020GAAS45)

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Abstract:

Competition and complementarity is one of main ecological principle for productivity advantage of intercropping system. To determine the effect of time niche differentiation on yield of intercropped species and the advantage of intercropping systems, a four-year field experiment was conducted during 2017-2020 in Zhangye city, Gansu province, China. The object of this study is to determine the role of complementarity effect and selection effect for yield advantage of maize/legumes intercropping systems. The experiment included 3 maize/legume intercropping systems of maize/pea (M/P), maize/faba bean (M/F), and maize/soybean (M/S), and 4 sole crops systems of sole pea (SP), sole faba bean (SF), sole soybean (SS), and sole maize (SM). The yield intercropped crops in different plant patterns were investigated, the overyielding of intercropped crops, aggressivity of legume relative to maize, land equivalent ratio (LER), net effect (NE), complementarity effect (CE), and selection effect (SE) were analyzed. The results showed that on average four years, the LER value of M/P, M/F, and M/S were 1.30, 1.31, and 1.13, respectively. The partial land equivalent ratio value of soybean was blow 0.5, the partial land equivalent ratio value of pea and faba bean were above 0.5, and also the partial land equivalent ratio value of maize was above 0.5. The overyielding of pea, faba bean, and soybean were 53.3%, 81.4%, and -14.9%, respectively. The overyielding of maize intercropped with pea, faba bean, and soybean were 13.0%, -5.8%, and 32.3%, respectively. The aggressivity of pea and faba bean relative to maize were above 0, the aggressivity of soybean relative to maize were below 0. The complementarity effect of M/P and M/F were significantly higher than that of M/S, whereas, the selection effect of M/S was greater than those of M/P and M/F. A positive correlation was observed between LER and CE, and a negative correlation was observed between LER and SE. A positive correlation was observed between the overyielding of legumes and SE. In conclusion, yield advantage of M/P and M/F was mainly result from the CE, yield advantage of M/S was mainly result from the SE.

Key words: maize/legumes intercropping, productivity, complementarity effect, selection effect

Fig. 1

Diagram of crops planting in different patterns in plots"

Fig. 2

Land equivalent ratio and partial land equivalent ratio in different maize/legume intercropping systems M/P, M/F, and M/S indicate maize intercropped with pea, maize intercropped with faba bean, and maize intercropped with soybean, respectively. PLERm and PLERl represent the partial land equivalent ratio of maize and legume crops, respectively."

Table 1

Yield and overyielding of crops in different intercropping systems"

年份
Year		 种植模式
Planting
patterns		 配对作物
Companion crops (kg hm-2)		 玉米
Maize (kg hm-2)		 配对作物增产率
Overyielding of companion crops (%)		 玉米增产率
Overyielding of maize (%)
间作
Intercropping		 单作
Sole		 间作
Intercropping		 单作
Sole
2017 玉米/豌豆M/P 1662.4 2718.8 11,730.5 a 14,125.4 29.0 ab 32.9 a
玉米/蚕豆M/F 1795.2 2501.1 8832.0 a 14,125.4 70.9 a 17.1 a
玉米/大豆M/S 621.1 1508.0 13,223.0 a 14,125.4 -1.9 b 48.2 a
2018 玉米/豌豆M/P 2652.4 4407.1 9245.6 b 19,151.2 66.8 b -19.6 b
玉米/蚕豆M/F 2695.7 2788.0 8453.0 b 19,151.2 118.3 a -29.1 b
玉米/大豆M/S 673.0 2085.0 13,643.3 a 19,151.2 -23.1 c 22.8 a
2019 玉米/豌豆M/P 1160.2 1826.8 19,336.2 a 24,992.8 58.8 a 28.9 a
玉米/蚕豆M/F 3855.7 6703.0 13,708.5 b 24,992.8 37.0 a -5.4 b
玉米/大豆M/S 1212.1 3745.5 18,297.3 a 24,992.8 -22.9 a 26.2 a
2020 玉米/豌豆M/P 1125.5 1878.8 14,343.4 b 21,760.5 58.8 ab 9.9 b
玉米/蚕豆M/F 2418.5 2888.9 11,919.2 c 21,760.5 99.3 a -5.6 c
玉米/大豆M/S 989.9 2670.7 16,652.2 a 21,760.5 -11.7 b 31.9 a
平均Mean 玉米/豌豆M/P 1657.3 2707.8 13,664.5 b 20,154.4 53.3 b 13.0 b
玉米/蚕豆M/F 2748.9 3821.2 10,873.0 c 20,154.4 81.4 a -5.8 c
玉米/大豆M/S 874.0 2502.2 15,308.8 a 20,154.4 -14.9 c 32.3 a

Fig. 3

Aggressivity of legumes relative to maize in different maize/legume intercropping systems Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Alm: aggressivity of legumes relative to maize. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among treatments in the same year. Error bar represent the standard errors of the means (n = 3)."

Fig. 4

Net effect, select effect and complementarity effect in different intercropping systems Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters above the bar indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among treatments in the same year. Error bar represent the standard errors of the means (n = 3)."

Fig. 5

Relationship between complementarity effect and select effect and intercropping advantage and overyielding of intercropped crops Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

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[8] Han Xiangling;Liu Xunhao;Kong Yangzhong. STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE CROPPING IN HUANG-HUAI-HAI PLAIN[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 1986, 12(02): 109 -116 .
[9] ZHANG Ding-Yi ;ZHANG Yong-Qing;YANG Wu-De;MIAO Guo-Yun. Biological Response of Roots in Different Spring Wheat Genotypes to Low Nitrogen Stress[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32(09): 1349 -1354 .
[10] Zhai Huqu;Cao Shuqing;Tang Yunlai;Zhang Rongxian;Sheng Shenglan;Gong Hongbing;Yang Tunan. Analysis on Combining Ability and Heritability of Photosynthetic Characters in Indica Hybrid Rice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2002, 28(02): 154 -160 .
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