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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2575-2587.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14174

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Responses of soil diazotrophic diversity and community composition of nodulating and non-nodulating peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) to nitrogen fertilization

SUN Qi-Qi(), ZHENG Yong-Mei, YU Tian-Yi, WU Yue, YANG Ji-Shun, WU Zheng-Feng(), WU Ju-Xiang, LI Shang-Xia   

  1. Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-10-04 Accepted:2022-02-25 Online:2022-10-12 Published:2022-03-24
  • Contact: WU Zheng-Feng E-mail:sunshine19890707@163.com;wzf326@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000906);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13);Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR202103030197)

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Abstract:

Influencing mechanism of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil diazotrophs of legumes remains unclear. Further study on the effect of different nitrogen application rates on soil nitrogen-fixing is of critical importance for high-efficiency nitrogen application of peanut field and agricultural sustainability development. We used the non-nodulating (BL) and nodulating (Huayu 22, HY22) peanuts as experimental materials, with four N application rates arranged, including N0 (without N application, 0 kg hm-2), N60 (N reduced-application, 60 kg hm-2), N120 (N common-fertilization, 120 kg hm-2), and N180 (N over-application, 180 kg hm-2). The qRT-PCR and Illumina high-throughput sequencing of nifH gene were used to analyze soil diazotrophic abundance, diversity, and community composition. Results showed that: (1) N fertilization significantly increased the contents of soil N fraction. Especially at N120, the soil microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon of nodulating peanut were significantly higher than that of non-nodulating peanut. The podding yields of non-nodulating peanut increased positively and linearly with the increasing N rates, while those of nodulating peanut was unaffected by N fertilization. (2) Under N fertilization, soil nifH copies of non-nodulating peanut were inhibited, while that of nodulating peanut decreased firstly and then increased with N rates increased. (3) N fertilization reduced firstly and then enhanced the soil diazotrophic diversity from non-nodulating peanut with N rates, while N fertilization increased firstly and then decreased that from nodulating peanut, with peak value at N120. (4) Nonrank_Bacteria and Proteobacteria were the predominated phyla. N fertilization altered the soil diazotrophic community composition of non-nodulating peanut, with dominant genera being nonrank_Bacteria (N0), unclassified_Cyanoabcteria (N60), nonrank_Bacteria (N120), and Skermanella (N180), respectively, and NO3-N being the overriding determinative factor, while exerted no effect on that of nodulating peanut (being dominated by unclassified_Proteobacteria and Skermanella except N120). The different responses of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria to nitrogen application level between non-nodulating peanut and nodulating peanut may be due to the influence of different nitrogen sources (nitrogen fixed by nodules vs. N fertilizer). In conclusion, 120 kg hm-2 was the best for nitrogen-fixation of peanut field and thus agricultural production among the studied N rates.

Key words: peanut, nodulation characteristics, diazotrophs, nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen fixation by nodules

Table 1

Soil N fractions of non-nodulating (BL) and nodulating (HY22) peanuts under different N application rates and podding yields"

品种
Variety		 施氮水平
N application rates		 全氮
TN (g kg-1)		 硝态氮
NO3-N (mg kg-1)		 铵态氮
NH4-N (mg kg-1)		 可溶性有机氮
DON (mg kg-1)		 微生物量氮
MBN (mg kg-1)		 产量Yields (kg hm-2)
2019 2020
BL N0 0.68±0.02 Ab 8.71±2.48 Ab 1.04±0.12 Aab 5.27±1.09 Ab 8.62±2.14 Aa 3514.1±36.7 Bb 1578.5±28.3 Bc
N60 0.68±0.00 Ab 7.97±0.45 Ab 0.84±0.07 Ab 9.19±1.32 Aab 10.90±1.21 Aa 3736.3±70.5 Ab 2091.6±154.1 Abc
N120 0.78±0.00 Aa 16.60±2.37 Aab 1.79±0.30 Aa 15.02±3.57 Ba 9.54±0.95 Ba 4236.3±152.8 Aa 2392.3±40.8 Bab
N180 0.68±0.01 Ab 23.15±5.92 Aa 1.77±0.33 Aa 9.59±0.98 Aab 9.39±1.10 Aa 4312.7±0.0 Aa 2817.1±306.4 Ba
HY22 N0 0.68±0.02 Ab 4.28±1.92 Ab 0.84±0.03 Ab 12.97±7.31 Abc 1.79±0.06 Bb 5236.4±160.2 Aa 4052.5±693.7 Aa
N60 0.67±0.01 Ab 6.37±2.60 Aab 0.92±0.03 Ab 8.83±0.31 Ac 2.30±1.80 Bb 5090.6±498.1 Aa 4346.6±855.8 Aa
N120 0.75±0.01 Ba 9.72±1.08 Ba 1.14±0.19 Aa 43.38±12.93 Aa 26.10±5.76 Aa 5375.3±445.6 Aa 4666.9±367.0 Aa
N180 0.70±0.04 Aab 8.71±1.08 Aa 0.87±0.01 Ab 34.17±18.85 Aab 5.05±1.39 Bb 5229.4±271.1 Aa 4810.7±260.7 Aa
显著性Significance (F-value)
品种Variety ns ** ** ** ns ** **
施氮水平N rates ** ** ** ** ** ns ns
品种×施氮水平Variety × N rates ns ns * * ** ns ns

Fig. 1

Correlations between podding yields of non-nodulating (BL) and nodulating (HY22) peanuts and N fertilization rates HY22: Huayu 22."

Fig. 2

Soil nifH gene copy quantities of non-nodulating (BL) and nodulating (HY22) peanuts under different N application rates Lower case letters within a group (BL/HY22) indicate significant difference among different N application rates at P < 0.05, upper case letters between groups (BL and HY22) indicate significant difference between different peanut cultivars at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. HY22: Huayu 22."

Fig. 3

Rarefaction curves (a, b) and Venn figures (c, d) of the soil diazotrophic communities of non-nodulating (BL) and nodulating (HY22) peanuts with different N application rates Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. HY22: Huayu 22."

Fig. 4

Chao1 richness (a, b) and Shannon diversity (c, d) indices of diazotrophic communities of non-nodulating (BL) and nodulating (HY22) peanuts and their correlations with N application rates(e, f) HY22: Huayu 22. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. **: significant difference at the 0.01 probability level; *: significant difference at the 0.05 probability level; ns: no significant difference."

Fig. 5

Relative abundances of the abundant diazotrophs at the phylum (a, b), class (c, d), and genus (e, f) levels of non-nodulating (BL) and nodulating (HY22) peanuts with different N application rates Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. HY22: Huayu 22."

Fig. 6

Ordination plots of the results from the RDA to identify relationships between diazotrophic communities (red dotted lines) and soil N fractions (black arrows) of non-nodulating (a) and nodulating (b) DON: dissolved organic nitrogen; MBN: microbial biomass nitrogen; NO3-N: nitrate nitrogen; NH4-N: ammonium nitrogen; TN: total notrogen. HY22: Huyu 22."

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