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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1231-1248.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23035

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comprehensive evaluation of maize hybrids tested in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize regional trial based on GYT biplot analysis

YUE Hai-Wang1(), HAN Xuan2, WEI Jian-Wei1, ZHENG Shu-Hong1, XIE Jun-Liang1, CHEN Shu-Ping1, PENG Hai-Cheng1, BU Jun-Zhou1,*()   

  1. 1Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Hengshui 053000, Hebei, China
    2Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
  • Received:2022-04-18 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2023-05-12 Published:2022-10-26
  • Contact: *E-mail: bujunzhou@126.com
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Projects of Hebei Province(20326305D);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Maize, CARS-02);Science and Technology Support Program of Hebei Province(16226323D-X);HAAFS Science and Technology Innovation Special Project;“Three-Three-Three Talent Project” Funded Project in Hebei Province(A202101056);Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project of Hebei Province(21626310D)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to scientifically and accurately conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the tested hybrids participating in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize regional trials, and provide theoretical and practical basis for the rational distribution of hybrids and regional planning. GYT biplot analysis was applied to the data of 22 hybrids during 2020?2021 in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize regional trials to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the tested hybrids based on grain yield, growth period, grain moisture content at harvest, plant height, ear height, lodging rate, ear length, ear diameter, barren tip length, grain weight per ear, and hundred grain weight. The analysis of variance results showed that the genotype and environment main effects of the evaluated agronomic traits reached significant level at P < 0.05. Genotype and environment interaction effect of other traits had significant level, except for ear diameter, bald tip length, and grain weight per ear, which had no significant difference. The square sum of environmental effect on grain yield, growth period, grain moisture content, ear diameter, bare tip length, 100-seed weight, and the square sum of genotype and environment interaction effect on lodging rate were worth the largest in the square sum of total variance. The results of the correlation analysis showed that grain yield was significantly at P < 0.001 and positively correlated with 100-seed weight, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, and growth period, but negatively correlated with bald tip length. According to the GYT superiority index, Hengyu 868, Handyu 1806, and Sudan 908 had the best yield-trait combinations. The comprehensive performances of hybrids Shandan 686, Dunyu 291, Hanyu 17-6601, and Hanyu 573 were poor, and the performance of the control hybrid Zhengdan 958 was intermediate. Compared with other tested hybrids, Hengyu 868 had the widest adaptability in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area, indicating outstanding regional yield advantages, and great potential for maize production in the region. Compared with the GT biplot, the GYT biplot showed that the first two principal components explained a higher proportion of variance, a better fit, and a higher reliability of the analysis results. Through GYT biplot analysis, maize hybrids with superior yield-trait combinations were identified, the GYT biplot analysis was a useful analytic tool for graphical evaluation based on multiple traits, and also set up a reference base for comprehensive evaluation of other crops.

Key words: genotype × trait biplot (GT biplot), genotype × yield × trait biplot (GYT biplot), superiority index (SI), summer maize hybrids, yield-trait combination

Table 1

Maize hybrids information used in this study"

品种名称
Hybrid name		 品种缩写
Hybrid abbreviation		 试验年份
Year		 来源
Origin
敦玉286
Dunyu 286		 DY286 2020 甘肃省敦煌种业集团股份有限公司
Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd.
敦玉291
Dunyu 291		 DY291 2020 甘肃省敦煌种业集团股份有限公司
Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd.
邯玉1604
Hanyu 1604		 HY1604 2020 邯郸市农业科学院
Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
邯玉573
HY 573		 HY573 2021 邯郸市农业科学院
Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
邯玉17-6601
Hanyu 17-6601		 HY17-6601 2020−2021 邯郸市农业科学院
Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
鲁单719 LD719 2020 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所
Ludan 719 Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
鲁单0195 LD0195 2020 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所
Ludan 0195 Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
君育136 JY136 2020 河南技丰种业集团有限公司
Junyu 136 Henan Jifeng Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd.
陕单685
Shaandan 685		 SD685 2020 陕西荣华农业科技有限公司
Shaanxi Ronghua Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
新单96
Xindan 96		 XD96 2020 新乡市农业科学院
Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
宿单908
Sudan 908		 SD908 2020−2021 宿州市农业科学院
Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
郑单6162 ZD6162 2020 河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所
Zhengdan 6162 Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
郑单958 ZD958 2020−2021 河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所
Zhengdan 958 Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
鲁宁818
Luning 818		 LN818 2020 济宁市农业科学研究院
Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences
漯玉19
Luoyu 19		 LY19 2020 漯河市农业科学院
Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences
衡玉7182 HY7182 2020 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所
Hengyu 7182 Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
衡玉9186
Hengyu 9186		 HY9186 2021 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所
Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
衡玉868
Hengyu 868		 HY868 2020−2021 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所
Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

Table 2

Characteristics of the tested locations used in this study"

省份
Province		 试点
Testing site		 经度
Longitude		 纬度
Latitude		 海拔
Altitude (m)		 年降雨量
Annual rainfall (mm)		 年份
Year
安徽Anhui 阜南Funan 115°55′ 32°68′ 34 824 2020-2021
安徽Anhui 宿州Suzhou 117°11′ 33°60′ 29 865 2020-2021
安徽Anhui 濉溪Suixi 116°84′ 33°45′ 31 902 2020-2021
河北Hebei 藁城Gaocheng 114°85′ 38°02′ 59 494 2020-2021
河北Hebei 邯郸Handan 114°54′ 36°63′ 55 515 2020-2021
河北Hebei 深州Shenzhou 115°56′ 38°01′ 28 482 2020-2021
省份
Province		 试点
Testing site		 经度
Longitude		 纬度
Latitude		 海拔
Altitude (m)		 年降雨量
Annual rainfall (mm)		 年份
Year
河北Hebei 武强Wuqiang 115°98′ 38°06′ 18 556 2020-2021
河北Hebei 鸡泽Jize 114°75′ 37°03′ 38 490 2020-2021
河北Hebei 高阳Gaoyang 115°79′ 38°68′ 12 342 2020-2021
河北Hebei 靳庄Jinzhuang 114°66′ 38°01′ 52 485 2020-2021
河北Hebei 内丘Neiqiu 114°34′ 37°29′ 149 531 2020-2021
河北Hebei 晋州Jinzhou 115°07′ 38°02′ 43 412 2020-2021
河南Henan 鹤壁Hebi 114°28′ 35°74′ 88 727 2020
河南Henan 辉县Huixian 113°80′ 35°46′ 95 589 2020-2021
河南Henan 临颍Linying 113°93′ 33°83′ 62 716 2020-2021
河南Henan 洛阳Luoyang 112°46′ 34°61′ 140 803 2020-2021
河南Henan 孟州Mengzhou 112°79′ 34°91′ 115 557 2020-2021
河南Henan 南阳Nanyang 112°52′ 32°99′ 131 875 2020-2021
河南Henan 西华Xihua 114°53′ 33°76′ 52 624 2020-2021
河南Henan 荥阳Xingyang 113°38′ 34°79′ 144 655 2020-2021
河南Henan 原阳Yuanyang 113°97′ 35°05′ 78 529 2020-2021
河南Henan 驻马店Zhumadian 114°02′ 33°01′ 84 702 2020-2021
河南Henan 柘城Zhecheng 115°12′ 33°58′ 46 781 2020-2021
湖北Hubei 襄阳Xiangyang 112°12′ 32°01′ 70 878 2020-2021
湖北Hubei 宜城Yicheng 112°30′ 31°69′ 120 862 2020-2021
江苏Jiangsu 丰县Fengxian 116°43′ 34°70′ 42 630 2020-2021
江苏Jiangsu 睢宁Suining 117°94′ 33°91′ 23 916 2021
山东Shandong 昌邑Changyi 119°42′ 36°70′ 33 562 2020-2021
山东Shandong 茌平Chiping 116°14′ 36°34′ 31 570 2020-2021
山东Shandong 德州Dezhou 116°36′ 37°43′ 23 547 2020-2021
山东Shandong 寒亭Hanting 119°20′ 36°77′ 20 622 2020-2021
山东Shandong 济宁Jining 116°54′ 35°37′ 38 693 2020-2021
山东Shandong 莱州Laizhou 119°95′ 37°17′ 56 614 2020-2021
山东Shandong 聊城Liaocheng 115°99′ 36°46′ 37 540 2020-2021
山东Shandong 泰安Tai’an 117°09′ 36°20′ 167 763 2020-2021
山东Shandong 章丘Zhangqiu 117°52′ 36°68′ 143 633 2020-2021
山东Shandong 宁津Ningjin 116°78′ 37°72′ 23 721 2020-2021
山东Shandong 郓城Yuncheng 115°75′ 35°44′ 48 694 2020-2021
山西Shanxi 新绛Xinjiang 111°01′ 35°03′ 439 460 2020-2021
山西Shanxi 盐湖Yanhu 110°89′ 35°01′ 369 487 2020-2021
陕西Shaanxi 杨凌Yangling 108°08′ 34°27′ 465 631 2020-2021
陕西Shaanxi 渭南Weinan 109°78′ 34°95′ 405 465 2020-2021

Table S1

Key characteristics of 16 maize hybrids from the Huanghuaihai region trials in 2020"

品种
Hybrid name		 GY
(kg hm-2)		 GP
(d)		 PH
(cm)		 EH
(cm)		 LR
(%)		 GMC
(%)		 EL
(cm)		 ED
(cm)		 BTL
(cm)		 GWE
(g)		 HSW
(g)
邯玉1604 Hanyu 1604 11065.8 104.0 283 109 2.6 27.2 17.0 5.0 0.9 165.2 32.9
君育136 Junyu 136 10950.8 104.7 241 108 0.1 28.7 17.1 5.0 0.9 158.9 33.4
衡玉7182 Hengyu 7182 10842.3 104.3 245 86 0.5 28.3 16.1 5.1 1.2 161.6 34.1
鲁宁818 Luning 818 10798.2 105.0 265 110 0.7 28.6 18.1 4.9 0.9 160.3 33.1
衡玉868 Hengyu 868 10785.3 105.2 274 109 2.7 29.7 18.1 5.0 1.1 168.7 36.1
鲁单719 Ludan 719 10577.3 104.0 277 105 0.6 28.0 16.5 5.1 0.5 165.0 32.8
敦玉286 Dunyu 286 10564.5 104.8 273 109 2.7 27.0 17.2 4.6 0.7 151.9 33.0
新单96 Xindan 96 10515.9 104.4 273 108 1.1 28.7 17.6 5.1 0.6 167.2 32.4
漯玉19 Luoyu 19 10485.2 104.9 239 94 0.0 28.4 16.3 5.0 0.6 156.4 37.0
郑单6162 Zhengdan 6162 10422.2 105.3 289 116 1.9 28.0 16.7 4.9 1.3 157.6 31.6
宿单908 Sudan 908 10348.5 105.7 268 116 1.2 29.6 17.4 4.9 1.0 156.2 32.1
邯玉17-6601 Hanyu 17-6601 10296.6 104.4 295 108 0.5 27.5 18.4 4.8 1.1 155.5 34.8
敦玉291 Dunyu 291 10213.4 104.8 257 101 0.8 29.1 16.3 4.9 0.9 152.9 32.3
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 10091.1 105.3 257 115 1.1 28.7 16.5 5.0 0.5 155.5 33.6
鲁单0195 Ludan 0195 9898.4 104.3 269 104 0.9 27.9 17.4 4.9 1.6 150.2 35.7
陕单685 Shandan 685 7953.0 104.4 260 86 0.1 28.2 16.0 4.6 0.9 128.8 30.9

Table S2

Key characteristics of 6 maize hybrids from the Huanghuaihai region trials in 2021"

品种
Hybrid		 GY
(kg hm-2)		 GP
(d)		 PH
(cm)		 EH
(cm)		 LR
(%)		 GMC
(%)		 EL
(cm)		 ED
(cm)		 BTL
(cm)		 HSW
(g)
衡玉868 Hengyu 868 9074.4 107.1 267.9 93.0 0.3 30.9 18.1 4.8 1.4 31.7
宿单908 Sudan 908 8977.5 106.3 260.2 108.2 0.6 29.2 17.0 4.8 0.9 28.8
衡玉9186 Hengyu 9186 8572.2 104.9 243.0 93.4 0.4 25.2 17.3 4.3 0.4 25.7
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 8211.8 106.2 252.8 102.7 2.0 28.8 16.0 4.8 0.6 27.4
邯玉17-6601 Hanyu 17-6601 8195.9 105.9 287.9 99.6 0.3 27.8 17.3 4.6 1.2 28.0
邯玉573 Hanyu 573 8098.8 106.1 290.1 94.9 0.1 27.5 17.7 4.5 1.2 28.7

Table 3

Joint analysis of variance for various agronomic traits based on the 2020 dataset"

变异来源
Source of variations		 自由度
DF		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 生育期
Growth period (d)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 穗长
Ear length (cm)		 籽粒含水量
Grain moisture content (%)		 秃尖
Bare tip length (cm)
SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%)
基因型Genotype (G) 15 1,401,266.56** 15.54 161.27** 1.30 16.23** 27.36 340.63** 21.33 324.45** 0.87 55.38** 13.31
环境Environment (E) 40 5,849,359.39** 64.85 11,559.51** 93.09 16.44** 27.71 615.92** 38.56 35,323.17** 94.47 191.95** 46.13
互作 GE 600 1,768,956.03** 19.61 697.17** 5.61 26.65** 44.92 640.65** 40.11 1743.21** 4.66 168.80ns 40.56
残差 Residuals 544 968,945.72 544.89 4.65 501.51 1136.71 136.02
总变异 Total 655 9,019,581.99 12,417.95 59.32 1597.20 37,390.82 416.12
变异来源
Source of variations		 自由度
DF		 倒伏率
Lodging rate (%)		 百粒重
Hundred seed weight (g)		 穗位高
Ear height (cm)		 穗粗
Ear diameter (cm)		 穗粒重
Grain weight per ear (g)
SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%)
基因型Genotype (G) 15 39.98** 5.41 1749.95** 12.10 5.52** 36.41 13.95** 22.82 53,219.64** 7.48
环境Environment (E) 40 137.37** 18.60 9288.23** 64.25 5.32** 35.11 30.07** 49.18 489,725.83** 68.84
互作 GE 600 561.13** 75.99 3418.46** 23.65 4.32** 28.48 17.12ns 28.00 168,400.87** 23.67
残差 Residuals 544 299.16 2217.74 3.13 13.51 141,400.99
总变异 Total 655 738.48 14,456.64 15.16 61.13 711,346.35

Table 4

Joint analysis of variance for various agronomic traits based on the 2021 dataset"

变异来源
Source of variations		 自由度
DF		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 生育期
Growth period (d)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 穗长
Ear length (cm)		 籽粒含水量
Grain moisture content (%)
SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%)
基因型Genotype (G) 5 163,431.34** 3.76 107.79** 1.73 73,459.78** 34.58 105.95** 9.19 740.97** 13.45
环境Environment (E) 40 3,805,577.11** 87.66 5836.37** 93.89 108,081.84** 50.88 852.20** 73.95 4265.29** 77.43
互作 GE 200 372,322.27** 8.58 272.21** 4.38 30,867.77** 14.53 194.19** 16.85 502.61** 9.12
残差 Residuals 114 112,318.41 95.35 10,134.95 70.03 183.33
总变异 Total 245 4,341,330.71 6216.37 212,409.39 1152.34 5505.87
变异来源
Source of variations		 自由度
DF		 秃尖
Bare tip length (cm)		 倒伏率
Lodging rate (%)		 百粒重
Hundred seed weight (g)		 穗位高
Ear height (cm)		 穗粗
Ear diameter (cm)
SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%) SS PSS (%)
基因型Genotype (G) 5 32.45** 18.77 95.00** 3.68 824.08** 13.32 7508.64** 12.25 7.77** 12.19
环境Environment (E) 40 75.89** 43.90 896.29** 34.69 4287.08** 69.27 44,148.26** 72.05 50.29** 78.88
互作 GE 200 64.52ns 37.33 1592.45** 61.63 1077.74** 17.41 9621.09* 15.70 5.69ns 8.93
残差 Residuals 114 40.36 73.37 317.12 3973.98 2.51
总变异 Total 245 172.86 2583.74 6188.91 61,277.99 63.76

Fig. 1

Pearson correlations heatmaps between traits across evaluated genotypes GY: grain yield; GP: growth period; PH: plant height; EH: ear height; LR: lodging rate; GMC: grain moisture content; EL: ear length; ED: ear diameter; BTL: bare tip length; GWE: grain weight per ear; HSW: hundred seed weight. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001."

Fig. 2

Genotype by trait (GT) biplot in 2020 (A) and 2021 (B) GY: grain yield; GP: growth period; PH: plant height; EH: ear height; LR: lodging rate; GMC: grain moisture content; EL: ear length; ED: ear diameter; BTL: bare tip length; GWE: grain weight per ear; HSW: hundred-seed weight; DY286: Dunyu 286; DY291: Dunyu 291; HY1604: Hanyu 1604; HY573: Hanyu 573; HY17-6601: Hanyu 17-6601; LD719: Ludan 719; LD0195: Ludan 0195; JY136: Junyu 136; SD685: Shaandan 685; XD96: Xindan 96; SD908: Sudan 908; ZD6162: Zhengdan 6162; ZD958: Zhengdan 958; LN818: Luning 818; LY19: Luoyu 19; HY7182: Hengyu 7182; HY9186: Hengyu 9186; HY868: Hengyu 868."

Fig. 3

Tester vector view of the genotypes by yield×trait (GYT) biplot in 2020 (A) and 2021 (B) DY286: Dunyu 286; DY291: Dunyu 291; HY1604: Hanyu 1604; HY573: Hanyu 573; HY17-6601: Hanyu 17-6601; LD719: Ludan 719; LD0195: Ludan 0195; JY136: Junyu 136; SD685: Shaandan 685; XD96: Xindan 96; SD908: Sudan 908; ZD6162: Zhengdan 6162; ZD958: Zhengdan 958; LN818: Luning 818; LY19: Luoyu 19; HY7182: Hengyu 7182; HY9186: Hengyu 9186; HY868: Hengyu 868. GY: grain yield; GP: growth period; PH: plant height; EH: ear height; LR: lodging rate; GMC: grain moisture content; EL: ear length; ED: ear diameter; BTL: bare tip length; GWE: grain weight per ear; HSW: hundred-seed weight."

Table S3

Standardized genotype by yield×trait (GYT) data and superiority index for the evaluated maize genotypes in 2020"

品种名称
Genotype name		 产量×生育期
Y×GP		 产量×株高
Y×PH		 产量×穗位高
Y×EH		 产量×倒伏率
Y×LR		 产量×含水量
Y× GMC		 产量×穗长
Y×EL		 产量×穗粗
Y×ED		 产量×秃尖长度
Y× BTL		 产量×穗粒重
Y× GWE		 产量×百粒重
Y×HSW		 理想指数
Superiority index
敦玉286 Dunyu 286 0 0.45 0.39 1.37 −0.34 0.35 −0.56 −0.60 −0.16 −0.09 0.00
敦玉291 Dunyu 291 −0.20 −0.53 −0.47 −0.32 0.20 −0.59 −0.22 0.06 −0.39 −0.45 −0.29
邯玉1604 Hanyu 1604 0.86 1.41 0.84 1.95 0.33 0.69 0.97 −0.05 1.03 0.76 0.88
邯玉17-6601 Hanyu 17-6601 −0.13 1.05 0.23 −0.59 −0.43 0.78 −0.38 0.63 −0.12 0.01 0.11
衡玉7182 Hengyu 7182 0.60 −0.43 −1.18 −0.63 0.57 −0.17 0.96 1.02 0.60 1.04 0.24
衡玉868 Hengyu 868 0.66 0.73 0.56 1.86 1.13 1.15 0.66 0.66 1.00 0.69 0.91
君育136 Junyu 136 0.81 −0.45 0.61 −1.10 0.94 0.62 0.89 0.30 0.55 1.02 0.42
鲁单0195 Ludan 0195 −0.69 −0.39 −0.46 −0.27 −0.77 −0.29 −0.66 2.03 −0.80 −0.40 −0.27
鲁单719 Ludan 719 0.19 0.73 0.10 −0.51 0.12 −0.17 0.56 −1.38 0.62 −0.04 0.02
鲁宁818 Luning 818 0.65 0.40 0.71 −0.42 0.67 1.18 0.39 0.05 0.57 0.36 0.46
鲁宁19 Luning 19 0.19 −0.97 −0.75 −1.15 0.18 −0.36 0.30 −1.05 0.04 1.33 −0.22
陕单685 Shandan 685 −3.40 −2.69 −2.98 −1.10 −3.25 −3.06 −3.19 −0.77 −3.17 −3.02 −2.66
宿单908 Sudan 908 0.11 0.02 0.77 0.13 0.51 0.16 −0.12 0.20 −0.14 −0.40 0.12
新单96 Xindan 96 0.17 0.39 0.26 −0.04 0.37 0.50 0.47 −1.13 0.70 −0.12 0.16
郑单6162 Zhengdan 6162 0.17 0.94 0.85 0.84 −0.03 −0.14 −0.03 1.37 0.03 −0.52 0.35
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 −0.30 −0.66 0.50 −0.04 −0.21 −0.66 −0.05 −1.33 −0.38 −0.17 −0.33
平均 Mean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
标准差Standard Deviation 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Table S4

Standardized genotype by yield × trait (GYT) data and superiority index for the evaluated maize genotypes in 2021"

品种名称
Genotype name		 产量×生育期
Y×GP		 产量×株高
Y×PH		 产量×穗位高
Y×EH		 产量×倒伏率
Y×LR		 产量×含水量
Y×GMC		 产量×穗长
Y×EL		 产量×穗粗
Y×ED		 产量×秃尖
Y× BTL		 产量×百粒重
Y× HSW		 理想指数
Superiority index
邯玉17-6601 Hanyu 17-6601 −0.78 0.63 −0.32 −0.48 −0.55 −0.39 −0.54 0.41 −0.57 −0.29
邯玉573 Hanyu 573 −0.91 0.51 −1.05 −0.79 −0.70 −0.27 −0.99 0.45 −0.30 −0.45
衡玉868 Hanyu 868 1.42 1.00 0.03 −0.40 1.56 1.54 1.33 1.38 1.75 1.07
衡玉9186 Hengyu 9186 −0.11 −1.25 −0.58 −0.31 −1.01 0.12 −0.85 −1.31 −0.84 −0.68
宿单908 Sudan 908 1.04 0.39 1.86 0.00 0.85 0.47 1.11 0.06 0.62 0.71
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 −0.67 −1.28 0.05 1.97 −0.16 −1.47 −0.07 −0.99 −0.66 −0.36
平均Mean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
标准差Standard Deviation 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91

Table 5

Pearson’s correlations among various yield-trait combinations based on the 2020 dataset"

组合Combination Y×GP Y×PH Y×EH Y×LR Y×GMC Y×EL Y×ED Y×BTL Y×GWE Y×HSW
产量×生育期Y×GP 1
产量×株高Y×PH 0.749** 1
产量×穗位高Y×EH 0.797** 0.823** 1
产量×倒伏率Y×LR 0.377ns 0.634** 0.532* 1
产量×籽粒含水量Y×GMC 0.952** 0.626** 0.748** 0.289ns 1
产量×穗长Y×EL 0.893** 0.829** 0.835** 0.430ns 0.847** 1
产量×穗粗Y×ED 0.953** 0.653** 0.686** 0.259ns 0.942** 0.794** 1
产量×突尖长度Y×BTL 0.150ns 0.216ns 0.106ns 0.161ns 0.140ns 0.239ns 0.084ns 1
产量×穗粒重Y×GWE 0.963** 0.783** 0.755** 0.397ns 0.934** 0.883** 0.969** 0.072ns 1
产量×百粒重Y×HSW 0.901** 0.502* 0.544* 0.151ns 0.860** 0.758** 0.911** 0.106ns 0.866** 1

Table 6

Pearson’s correlations among various yield-trait combinations based on the 2021 dataset"

组合Combination Y×GP Y×PH Y×EH Y×LR Y×GMC Y×EL Y×ED Y×BTL Y×HSW
产量×生育期Y×GP 1
产量×株高Y×PH 0.374ns 1
产量×穗位高Y×EH 0.642ns 0.138ns 1
产量×倒伏率Y×LR -0.154ns -0.648ns 0.248ns 1
产量×籽粒含水量Y×GMC 0.878* 0.529ns 0.623ns 0.038ns 1
产量×穗长Y×EL 0.842* 0.612ns 0.237ns -0.630ns 0.665ns 1
产量×穗粗Y×ED 0.902* 0.414ns 0.760ns 0.125ns 0.976** 0.612ns 1
产量×突尖长度Y×BTL 0.422ns 0.960** 0.053 -0.532ns 0.630ns 0.634ns 0.485ns 1
产量×百粒重Y×HSW 0.877* 0.673ns 0.429ns -0.247ns 0.947** 0.832* 0.876* 0.769 1

Fig. 4

Average tester coordination view, which-won-where view and genotype ranking view of GYT biplot in 2020 and 2021 A, B, and C are the average tester correlation view, which-won-where view and genotype ranking view of the GYT biplot of the tested genotypes in 2020, respectively. D, E, and F are the average tester correlation view, which-won-where view and genotype ranking view of the GYT biplot of the tested genotypes in 2021, respectively."

Fig. 5

Comparison of two genotypes in GYT biplots based on the 2020 (A) and 2021 (B) Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize regional trials"

Fig. 6

Comparison of two genotypes in the GGE biplot for grain yield based on the 2020 (A) and 2021 (B) datasets"

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