作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1621-1630.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01621
陶怡然,熊毓贞,谢佳,田维江,张晓琼,张孝波,周倩,桑贤春,王晓雯()
Yi-Ran TAO,Yu-Zhen XIONG,Jia XIE,Wei-Jiang TIAN,Xiao-Qiong ZHANG,Xiao-Bo ZHANG,Qian ZHOU,Xian-Chun SANG,Xiao-Wen WANG()
摘要:
适度矮化有利于提高水稻的抗倒伏性, 进而影响产量和品质, 是水稻育种中重要的选择性状之一, 因此研究矮秆形成的分子机制具有重要的意义。为鉴定新的矮秆资源, 探讨株高形成的分子调控机制, 我们对籼型恢复系缙恢10号的EMS (甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变体库进行了鉴定, 从中筛选到1个植株半矮化且籽粒变大的突变体sdb1。本文对其进行了形态鉴定、细胞学观察、遗传分析和基因定位等研究。田间种植条件下, 全生育期sdb1的株高都明显矮于野生型, 成熟期仅76.66 cm, 与野生型的117.43 cm相比, 下降了34.72%, 差异达极显著水平, 进一步分析发现sdb1的穗和各节间长均显著变短。在茎秆石蜡切片中发现, 纵向细胞的长度与野生型相比无显著变化, 横向细胞面积极显著变小、数量则极显著增加, 纵向细胞变少是导致sdb1植株半矮化的主要原因。除植株变矮外, sdb1的另一典型特征是籽粒变大, 千粒重由野生型的24.83 g变为突变体的29.00 g, 差异达极显著水平; 颖壳中薄壁细胞数量增加了22.05%, 致使籽粒的长、宽、厚均极显著变大, 从而提高了sdb1的粒重。此外, sdb1叶肉细胞层数增多, 导致其光合色素含量极显著高于野生型, 叶片呈现深绿色。遗传分析发现, sdb1的突变表型受单隐性核基因调控, 利用中花11/sdb1杂交组合的F2隐性植株, 最终将调控基因定位在第4染色体SSR标记RM16632和Indel标记J50-7之间约406 kb的物理范围内。这为SDB1的克隆和功能研究奠定了基础, 也有助于水稻株高发育分子机制的进一步阐释。
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