作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 448-461.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91031
徐银萍,潘永东(),刘强德,姚元虎,贾延春,任诚,火克仓,陈文庆,赵锋,包奇军,张华瑜
Yin-Ping XU,Yong-Dong PAN(),Qiang-De LIU,Yuan-Hu YAO,Yan-Chun JIA,Cheng REN,Ke-Cang HUO,Wen-Qing CHEN,Feng ZHAO,Qi-Jun BAO,Hua-Yu ZHANG
摘要:
干旱是影响大麦生产的主要因素之一。在鉴定大麦种质资源成株期抗旱性的基础上, 筛选抗旱指标, 可为培育抗旱品种提供依据。本研究在2016和2017年在大麦生长主要需水期平均降雨量不足40 mm的甘肃省武威市进行田间试验, 以30份大麦种质资源为研究对象, 设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫处理, 测定大麦株高、穗长、分蘖数、单株粒数、单株粒重、穗粒数、千粒重和产量, 采用抗旱性度量值(D)、综合抗旱系数(CDC)、加权抗旱系数(WDC)、相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析和逐步回归分析相结合的办法, 对其进行抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标的筛选。干旱胁迫对测定的各指标均有极显著影响。频次分析表明, 各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感程度依次为产量、株高、单株粒重、穗长、单株粒数、分蘖数、穗粒数和千粒重。相关分析表明, 产量与株高、穗长、分蘖数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著正相关, 与穗粒数呈显著正相关、与千粒重呈不显著正相关。主成分分析表明, 5个主成分可以代表大麦抗旱性86.39%的原始数据信息量。基于D值、CDC值和WDC值的大麦种质资源抗旱性排序基本一致。灰色关联度分析表明, 各指标单项抗旱系数值与D值间的关联度依次为产量、单株粒重、单株粒数、穗长、株高、分蘖、穗粒数和千粒重, 各指标DC值与WDC值间的关联大小依次为单株粒重、产量、单株粒数、分蘖、穗长、穗粒数、株高和千粒重。根据D值进行聚类分析, 将供试大麦种质资源依据抗旱性从强到弱分为5个抗旱等级, 其中1级5份、2级1份、3级11份、4级10份、5级3份。除分蘖和千粒重外, 其余指标的隶属函数值、CDC值、D值和WDC值均随着抗旱级别的升高而增大。回归分析表明, 5个测定指标均与D值密切相关。干旱胁迫对大麦种质资源成株期各指标均有极显著影响。确定了D值为适宜的抗旱鉴定指标。筛选出成株期抗旱性强的大麦种质资源甘啤7号、Z06-278-9、MERIT、NEVADA和西藏25, 可为大麦抗旱育种、抗旱机制以及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供技术支持。穗长、单株粒数、单株粒重、穗粒数、产量可作为大麦种质资源成株期简单、直观的抗旱评价指标。
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