超高产春玉米根系特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00735

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以西辽河平原地区广泛种植的金山27为试材，以当地普通高产栽培模式为对照，研究了超高产栽培下春玉米的根系特征。结果表明，超高产春玉米深层根系占总根重比例较大，最大根幅下移，下层土壤根条数增加，且随土层深度增加与对照的差异增大。单株根重随生育进程呈先升后降的变化趋势，吐丝期达到最大且与对照的差异达到显著水平。各生育时期0~20 cm土层根重所占比例明显低于对照，40 cm以下各土层根重所占比例均高于对照。冠根比生育前期与对照接近，生育后期低于对照。根系活力变化随生育进程呈单峰型变化曲线，在吐丝期达到最大。超高产栽培下各生育时期根系活力随土层深度增加均呈单峰型变化曲线，而对照在不同生育时期有较大的差异。SOD和POD活性在吐丝期和乳熟期各土层超高产栽培均高于对照，而MDA含量低于对照。深松土和优化施肥改善了根系环境条件和养分供应水平，在高密度种植下促进了下层根系的发生，并保持较高的生理活性，为超高产的实现奠定了基础。

关键词: 玉米, 超高产栽培, 根系特征

Abstract: Using cultivar Jinshan 27 as test material and high-yield maize cultivar as the control, we analyzed the root characteristics of super high-yield maize. The results showed that the percentage of roots in deep soil was higher, the biggest roots width tended to be deeper, the number of root per plant in deep soil layer increased for super high-yield maize, and the difference of root parameters enlarged with the increase of the soil depth compared with the control. The root dry weight was first up then down in the growing process, and the maximum value appeared at silking stage and showed extremely difference from the control. The percentage of root weight at 0–20 cm soil layer was lower obviously than the control, and that at the soil layer over 40 cm was more than the control at every growing stage. Ratio of shoot/root was close to the control at early growth stage, and lower than the contrastat later growing stage. Changes of rootvigor showed a single apex curveingrowing and the peak value appeared at silking stage. Root vigor at every growing stage changed as a single apex curve with the increase of soil depth under super high-yield cultivation, but root vigor of the control changed greatly in different growing stages. The activities of SOD&POD of root system per soil layer were higher than the control at silking and milking stages in super high-yield maize, but MDA content was lower than the contrast. The root growing condition and nutrient supply were improved by deep ploughing, optimizing fertilization and high planting density, which not only improve the deep root growing, but also keep root a higher physiological activity, providing a basis for production of super high-yield maize.

Key words: Maize, Super high-yield cultivation, Root characteristics

张玉芹, 杨恒山, 高聚林, 张瑞富, 王志刚, 徐寿军, 范秀艳, 毕文波. 超高产春玉米根系特征[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(04): 735-743.

ZHANG Yu-Qin, YANG Heng-Shan, GAO Ju-Lin, ZHANG Rui-Fu, WANG Zhi-Gang, XU Shou-Jun, FAN Xiu-Yan, BI Wen-Bo. Root Characteristics of Super High-Yield Spring Maize[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(04): 735-743.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00735

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2011/V37/I04/735

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