作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (02): 283-300.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00283
张洪程1,许轲1,张军1,李国业1,董啸波1,花劲1,周培建2,程飞虎2,黄大山1,2,陈忠平2,陈国梁3,方明珍4,戴其根1,霍中洋1,魏海燕1,高辉1
ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,XU Ke1,ZHANG Jun1,LI Guo-Ye1,DONG Xiao-Bo1,HUA Jin1,ZHOU Pei-Jian2,CHENG Fei-Hu2,HUANG Da-Shan1,CHEN Zhong-Ping2,CHEN Guo-Liang4,FANG Ming-Zhen4,DAI Qi-Gen1,HUO Zhong-Yang1,WEI Hai-Yan1,GAO Hui1
摘要:
于江西鄱阳、上高县,选用代表性晚粳稻品种(武运粳24、南粳44、镇稻11、常优1号、常优5号、甬优8号)在高产栽培条件下以当地代表性晚籼稻品种为对照,系统比较了粳、籼稻间产量、品质和效益的差异,初步阐明了双季晚粳生产力优势,并从温光利用、株型、光合物质生产等方面探讨了其优势形成的生态生理特征。结果表明,3年晚粳平均产量分别为9.6、8.3、9.9 t hm-2 (2011年上高县甬优8号最高产量田块达10.6 t hm-2),极显著高于晚籼,而其产量高的主要原因是每穗粒数、结实率显著或极显著高于籼稻;晚粳加工品质、食味品质优于晚籼(晚粳出糙率、精米率、整精米率显著或极显著高;其直链淀粉、蛋白质含量显著或极显著低,胶稠度显著或极显著长),外观品质逊于晚籼(粳稻的垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度均显著或极显著高于籼稻);晚粳效益高于晚籼(3年晚粳的纯收益分别为11 890.6、10 252.1、16 565.9元 hm-2,分别高23.8%、23.6%、26.7%)。双季晚粳生产力优势形成的相关生理生态特征为,较籼稻全生育期特别是结实期明显延长,抽穗结实期较籼稻适应凉爽气候,增加对温光资源利用,能正常成熟;后期有较高光合生产能力,增大了群体光合物质生产积累量,源库协调性好,库容总充实量高;生育后期在偏低温气候下不早衰,维持较强根系和较大茎鞘强度,具有较强群体抗倒伏能力。
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