作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (02): 273-282.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00273
张祖建1,王晴晴2,郎有忠1,王春哥1,朱庆森1,杨建昌1,*
ZHANG Zu-Jian1,WANG Qing-Qing2,LANG You-Zhong1,WANG Chun-Ge1,ZHU Qing-Sen1,YANG Jian-Chang1,*?
摘要:
水稻抽穗期高温障碍导致结实性降低已经成为长江中下游水稻的重要自然灾害之一。以现代常规粳稻、三系杂交籼稻和两系法杂交籼稻为试料,研究了抽穗期高温处理对现代水稻品种和组合受精率的影响。现代粳型品种表现出较好的抽穗期高温耐性;杂交稻特别是两系杂交稻抽穗期高温耐性相对较弱,抽穗期39℃的高温胁迫下,受精率几乎接近于零;在杂交稻中,汕优63在较轻高温胁迫下表现较好耐性,但在较强的高温胁迫下高温耐性迅速下降。相同处理下抽穗期高温耐性在品种间有较大差异。2个两系超级杂交稻的单药花粉数均在1750粒以上,数量最多,宁粳1号数量最少,为979.8粒药-1。总体趋势为杂交稻多于常规稻,籼型品种多于粳型品种,分析表明单药花粉数与高温耐性不相关。高温胁迫导致花药开裂系数显著下降,宁粳1号在较强的高温胁迫条件下还能维持一定程度的纵裂率,开花后柱头上花粉数量相对较多。可见水稻抽穗期高温耐性与花粉生产能力无关,与花药开裂和柱头捕获的花粉量关系较大。
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