欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 86-98.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00086

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻品种氮肥群体最高生产力及其增长规律

张洪程*，马群，杨雄，李敏，李国业，戴其根，霍中洋，许轲，魏海燕，高辉，刘艳阳   

  1. 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2011-02-28 修回日期:2011-07-25 出版日期:2012-01-12 网络出版日期:2011-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979220
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30971732)，农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231)和国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A03)资助。

The Highest Population Productivity of Nitrogen Fertilization and Its Variation Rules in Rice Cultivars

ZHANG Hong-Cheng*,MA Qun,YANG Xiong,LI Min,LI Guo-Ye,DAI Qi-Gen,HUO Zhong-Yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GAO Hui,LIU Yan-Yang   

  1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Rive Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China?
  • Received:2011-02-28 Revised:2011-07-25 Published:2012-01-12 Published online:2011-11-07
  • Contact: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979220

PDF

1781

被引次数

50

摘要： 在提出氮肥群体最高生产力概念的前提下, 以长江中下游地区有代表性的50个早熟晚粳品种(系)为供试材料, 比较研究品种间氮肥群体最高生产力的差异及其与产量构成因素、株型和氮肥农学利用率的关系。结果表明: (1)在基础地力产量为6 t hm-2的沙壤土上, 50个早熟晚粳品种氮肥群体最高生产力对应的施氮量主要集中在225~300 kg hm-2, 各品种的氮肥群体最高生产力因种而异, 变动在7.42~11.02 t hm-2, 差异显著。(2)氮肥群体最高生产力与群体颖花量呈显著正相关(r = 0.865), 生产力处于顶层与高层水平品种的颖花量极显著高于中层、低层品种, 而颖花量的增加主要体现在每穗粒数的极显著增加。(3)氮肥群体最高生产力随高效叶面积与单穗重增加而增长, 顶层和高层水平品种的基本株型性状均显著优于中层和低层水平品种, 主要表现为株高105~110 cm, 基部节间粗0.65 cm左右, 高效叶面积大(高效LAI大于5), 穗型较大。(4)品种间理论氮肥群体最高生产力随对应施氮量增加而增长, 但相同对应施氮量下, 品种生产力亦有一定差异。(5)筛选出6个氮肥群体最高生产力(≥10.5 t hm-2)与氮肥农学利用率均较高且协调统一的品种。

关键词: 水稻, 生产力, 氮肥水平

Abstract: Based on the concept of the highest population productivity of N fertilization, we carried out a field experiments with 50 early-maturing late japonica rice varieties which were the representativein the region of Yangtze River, using seven nitrogen applying levels (0, 150, 187.5, 225, 262.5, 300, 337.5 kg ha-1), to investigate the difference of the most population productivity of N fertilization in varieties. Its relationships with yield components, plant-type characteristics and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were also analyzed. The main results were as follows. (1)With the basic yield capacity of sandy loam being 6 t ha-1, optimum N levels of 50 tested varieties which were corresponding to their highest population yield converged in the range of 225–300 kg ha-1, while the highest grain yield showed significant differences, varying from 7.42 to 11.02 t ha-1.(2) There was significantly positive correlation between the highest productivity of N fertilization and the total spikelet number, with the correlation coefficient of 0.865. The top- and high-level yielding varieties had extremely significantly larger amount of population spikelets than the middle- and low-level yielding varieties, and this superiority of total spikelets was mainly due to the extremely remarkable increase of spikelets per panicle. (3) The highest productivity of N fertilizer rose as the high-efficiency leaf area and the weight per panicle increased. Compared with middle- and low-level yielding cultivars, top- and high-level yielding cultivars performed superior plant type characteristics: the plant height ranged from 105–110 cm, the width of basal internodes was circa 0.65 cm, the high-efficiency leaf area index was higher than 5, and panicles were big. (4) Generally speaking, the theoretical highest population productivity of N fertilization increased with the increasing of corresponding applied N amount. But within each group of similar optimum N level, various rice cultivars produced significantly different grain yields. (5) Taking into consideration of the production capacity and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of all 50 rice varieties, six varieties with high yield and high efficiency were selected and recommended.

Key words: Rice, Productivity, Nitrogen application

[1]Prasertsak A, Fukai S. Nitrogen availability and water stress interaction on rice growth and yield. Field Crops Res, 1997, 52: 249-260
[2]Wu J-X(伍菊仙), Ren W-J(任万军), Yang W-Y(杨文钰). Effects of nitrogen management on the growth and yield of rice by broadcasting seedlings among high standing-stubbles under no-tillage conditions. Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻), 2006, 21(4): 74-77 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]He F(贺帆). Effects of N rates on canopy microclimate and community health in irrigated rice. J Anhui Agric Sci (安徽农业科学), 2010, 38(5): 2285-2287 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Liu W(刘武), Xie M-D(谢明德), Huang L(黄林), Cheng Z-W(程兆伟), Mo Y-L(莫亚丽), Zhan K(詹可), Zou Y-B(邹应斌). Effects of transplanting density and nitrogen rate on dry matter accumulation and growth of leaves and tillers in super early rice. Crop Res (作物研究), 2008, 22(4): 243-248 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Zhou J-M(周江明), Zhao L(赵琳), Dong Y-Y(董越勇), Xu J(徐进), Bian W-Y(边武英), Mao Y-C(毛杨仓), Zhang X-F(章秀福). Nitrogen and transplanting density interactions on the rice yield and N use rate. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2010, 16(2): 274-281 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Ohnishi M, Horie T, Homma K, Supapoj N, Takano H, Yamamoto S. Nitrogen management and cultivar effects on rice yield and nitrogen use effciency in Northeast Thailand. Field Crops Res, 1999, 64: 109-120
[7]Wada G, Aragones R C, Ando H. Effect of low-release fertilizer (meister) on nitrogen uptake and yield of rice plant. Jpn J Crop Sci, 1990, 60: 101-106
[8]Nie J(聂军), Zheng S-X(郑圣先), Dai P-A(戴平安), Xiao J(肖剑), Yi G-Y(易国英). Regulation of senescence and photosynthetic function of rice leaves by controlled release nitrogen fertilizer. Chin J Rice Sci (中国水稻科学), 2005, 19(3): 255-261 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Jiang Z-W(姜照伟), Lin W-X(林文雄), Li Y-Z(李义珍), Zhuo C-Y(卓传营), Yang H-J(杨惠杰), Xie H-A(谢华安). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on some physiological characteristies of ratoon rice. Fujian J Agric Sci (福建农业学报), 2005, 20(3): 168-171 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Anzoua K G, Junichi K, Toshihiro H, Kazuto I, Yutaka J. Genetic improvements for high yield and low soil nitrogen tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under a cold environment. Field Crops Res, 2010, 116: 38-45
[11]Zhao Y(赵越). Effect of amount of N-fertilizer on yield of rice. J Anhui Agric Sci (安徽农业科学), 2009, 37(19): 8937-8938 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Ma G-H(马国辉), Long J-R(龙继锐), Dai Q-M(戴清明), Zhou J(周静). Studies on the optimized allocation of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer application and planting density for medium super hybrid rice combination Y Liangyou1. Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻), 2008, 23(6): 73-77 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Li H(李华), Xu C-Q(徐长青), Li S-F(李世峰), Qian Z-H(钱宗华). Effects of different nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen utilization of machine-transplanted rice. Guizhou Agric Sci (贵州农业科学), 2008, 36(5): 39-41 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]Su Z-F(苏祖芳), Zhou P-N(周培南), Xu N-X(许乃霞), Zhang Y-J(张亚洁). Effects of nitrogen and planting density on N-absorption and yield of rice. Chin J Rice Sci (中国水稻科学), 2001, 15(4): 281-286 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Ye Q-B(叶全宝). Study on Differences in Response of Rice Genotypes to Nitrogen Fertilization and Nitrogen Use Efficiency. PhD Dissertation of Yangzhou University, 2005 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Jiang L-G(江立庚), Dai T-B(戴廷波), Wei S-Q(韦善清), Gan X-Q(甘秀芹), Xu J-Y(徐建云), Cao W-X(曹卫星). Genotypic differences and valuation in nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in rice. Acta Phytoecol Sin (植物生态学报), 2003, 27(4): 466-471 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Yin C-Y(殷春渊), Zhang Q(张庆), Wei H-Y(魏海燕), Zhang H-C(张洪程), Dai Q-G(戴其根), Huo Z-Y(霍中洋), Xu K(许轲), Ma Q(马群), Hang J(杭杰), Zhang S-F(张胜飞), Wang Y-G(王艳国). Genotypic differences and evaluation of yield and N accumulation in japonica rice under different N fertilizer levels. Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis (江西农业大学学报), 2009, 31(6): 975-984 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]Liang X Q, Chen Y X, Li H, Tian G M, Zhang Z J, Ni W Z, He M M. Nitrogen interception in floodwater of rice field in Taihu region of China. J Environ Sci, 2007, 19: 1474-1481
[19]Zhao Y(赵营), Tong Y-A(同延安), Zhang S-L(张树兰), Liang J-X(梁锦秀), Zhou T(周涛). Effect of different N, P2O5, K2O rates on yield and fertilizer using efficiency of paddy rice in irrigation-warping soil of Ningxia. Acta Agric Boreali-Occident Sin (西北农业学报), 2010, 19(2): 118-121 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Wang S-W(王松文), Liu D-M(刘冬梅), Wu B-Y(吴宝艳), Chen B-S(陈宝山), Shi L-L(施利利). Study on the ideal plant morphology of rice. J Tianjin Agric Coll (天津农学院学报), 1998, 5(2): 9-14 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Xu Z-J(徐正进), Chen W-F(陈温福), Zhang W-Z(张文忠), Liu L-X(刘丽霞), Zhou S-Q(周淑清), Zhang L-B(张龙步), Yang S-R(杨守仁). The yield potentiality of rice and it's development of plant type. J Shenyang Agric Univ (沈阳农业大学学报), 2000, 31(6): 534-536 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Fan Y-Y(樊叶杨), Zhuang J-Y(庄杰云), Li Q(李强), Francisco S L, Zheng K-L(郑康乐). Analysis of quantitative trait loci(QTL)for plant height and the relation between these QTL and QTL for yield traits in rice. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2001, 27(6): 915-922 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Wan Y-Z(万宜珍), Ma G-H(马国辉). A probe into the dynamic to lodging resistant of super hybrid rice. J Hunan Agric Univ (Nat Sci)(湖南农业大学学报•自然科学版), 2003, 29(2): 92-94 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Zhang Z-X(张忠旭), Chen W-F(陈温福), Yang Z-Y(杨振玉), Hua Z-T(华泽田), Gao R-L(高日玲), Gao Y(高勇), Zhao Y-C(赵迎春). Effect of lodging resistance on yield and its relationship with stalk physical characteristics. J Shenyang Agric Univ (沈阳农业大学学报), 1999, 30(2): 81-85 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Fang X-Q(方秀琴), Du X-L(都兴林), Liu M-L(刘曼玲). Effect of nitrogen level on yield of rice with different panicle types and its yield components. J Jilin Agric Sci (吉林农业科学), 2005, 30(4): 37-40 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]Li Q(李强), Wang J-G(王敬国), An G-R(安光日), Zhang M(张明), Zou D-T(邹德堂), Cui C-H(崔成焕), Wang F-Y(王凤义), Han L-Z(韩龙植) Correlation and path coefficient analysis between grain yield and traits of plant type in rice. J Agric Sci Technol (中国农业科技导报), 2008, 10(4): 48-55 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]Li H-Y(李红宇), Hou Y-M(侯昱铭), Chen Y-H(陈英华), Quan C-Z(权成哲), Yan P(闫平), Liu M-H(刘梦红), Wu H-T(武洪涛), Chen W-F(陈温福), Xu Z-J(徐正进). Comparison of rice plant types in northeast region of China. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2009, 35(5): 921-929 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Wu G-C(吴桂成), Zhang H-C(张洪程), Qian Y-F(钱银飞), Li D-J(李德剑), Zhou Y-Y(周有炎), Xu J(徐军), Wu W-G(吴文革), Dai Q-G(戴其根), Huo Z-Y(霍中洋), Xu K(许轲), Gao H(高辉), Xu Z-J(徐宗进), Qian Z-H(钱宗华), Sun J-Y(孙菊英), Zhao P-H(赵品恒). Rule of grain yield components from high yield to super high yield and the characters of super-high yielding Japonica super rice. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2010, 43(2): 266-276 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]Xu F-X(徐富贤), Xiong H(熊洪), Xie R(谢戎), Zhang L(张林), Zhu Y-C(朱永川), Guo X-Y(郭晓艺), Yang D-J(杨大金), Zhou X-B(周兴兵), Liu M(刘茂). Advance of rice fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2009, 15(5): 1215-1225 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]Wu W-G(吴文革), Ruan X-M(阮新民), Shi F-Z(施伏芝). Effects of different nitrogen application rates on grain yields of mid-season indica rice and nitrogen uptake and utilization. J Anhui Agric Sci (安徽农业科学), 2007, 35(5): 1403-1405 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[1] 胡赵, 钱润, 谢丰璞, 应素平. 水稻SPX基因家族鉴定及响应磷处理的表达分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1902-1912.
[2] 邹仪妹, 徐敏, 汪海洋, 姚辉, 王加峰, 刘浩, 任代胜. 两系不育系水稻幼苗根系响应盐胁迫的转录因子调控网络鉴定[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1728-1742.
[3] 闫安, 蒋昆炜, 王蓉圆, 田林, 张璐, 王韵, 徐建龙. 水稻剑叶小维管束数基因SVN7的鉴定与克隆[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372.
[4] 陈伟, 卫万娟, 赵其兵, 常东伟, 余凌波, 翟鹏飞, 冯志明, 陈宗祥, 任仰涛, 杨鹏, 刘海浪, 李珍富, 杨永乐, 金彦刚, 左示敏. 利用CRISPR/Cas9编辑Hd6基因创制优质早熟水稻新种质[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1046-1056.
[5] 石少阶, 刘凯, 陈姿夷, 王卉颖, 李三和, 周雷, 游艾青. 水稻矮化多分蘖基因DMT1的克隆与功能分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1022-1034.
[6] 覃奕琰, 付瑶, 苏畅, 李娜, 徐静茹, 程笑然, 张琪, 赵明辉. OsST41调控水稻苗期耐盐性的功能分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 802-812.
[7] 叶凡, 李帅, 李思宇, 陈云, 窦超银, 刘立军. 不同节水灌溉方式对东北稻区水稻产量和群体质量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 895-907.
[8] 王婵, 吴莹莹, 李文奇, 李霞, 王芳权, 周彤, 杨杰. 基于HRM技术开发水稻抗条纹叶枯病基因STV11功能标记[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(9): 2547-2556.
[9] 陈惠莹, 何嘉欣, 朱斌, 黄士轩, 周星佑, 伍君权, 杨美艳. 水稻黄单胞菌噬菌体vB_XaS_HDB2的全基因组分析和生物学特性研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(8): 2087-2099.
[10] 杨海洋, 吴林宣, 李博纹, 石翰峰, 袁禧龙, 刘金朝, 蔡海荣, 陈诗怡, 郭涛, 王慧. 基于QTL定位发现的OsWRI3调控水稻种子的落粒性[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1712-1724.
[11] 雷松翰, 范骏扬, 车艳奕, 代永东, 郑雨萌, 田维江, 桑贤春, 王晓雯. 水稻内卷叶突变体acl3的鉴定及调控基因的功能分析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1467-1479.
[12] 李福媛, 杨奕, 马继琼, 许明辉, 林良斌, 孙一丁. 水稻OsPUB4基因克隆、激素诱导表达分析与互作蛋白筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1690-1700.
[13] 王梦宁, 谢可冉, 高逖, 王飞, 任孝俭, 熊栋梁, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 崔克辉. 水稻幼穗分化期至抽穗期高温对籽粒形态和充实的影响及其与粒重的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1347-1362.
[14] 盛倩男, 方娅婷, 赵剑, 杜思垚, 胡行珍, 余秋华, 朱俊, 任涛, 鲁剑巍. 不同养分管理措施对稻田和旱地油菜产量的影响及其对冻害的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1286-1298.
[15] 翁文安, 邢志鹏, 胡群, 魏海燕, 廖萍, 朱海滨, 瞿济伟, 李秀丽, 刘桂云, 高辉, 张洪程. 无人化旱直播水稻产量形成特征及其能量与经济效益研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1363-1377.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2