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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 912-921.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84107

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷对花生氮素吸收和利用的影响

于天一1,*,李晓亮2,*,路亚3,孙学武1,郑永美1,吴正锋1,沈浦1,王才斌1,*()   

  1. 1 山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100
    2 烟台市农业科学院, 山东烟台 265500
    3 湖南农业大学农学院, 湖南长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-04 接受日期:2019-01-12 出版日期:2019-06-12 网络出版日期:2019-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 于天一,李晓亮,王才斌
  • 作者简介:E-mail: tianyi_1984@126.com, Tel: 0532-87632130
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31571617, 41501330);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2018E21, CXGC2018B05);山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GGH4518)

Effect of phosphorus (P) on nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in peanut

Tian-Yi YU1,*,Xiao-Liang LI2,*,Ya LU3,Xue-Wu SUN1,Yong-Mei ZHENG1,Zheng-Feng WU1,Pu SHEN1,Cai-Bin WANG1,*()   

  1. 1 Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
    3 College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2018-08-04 Accepted:2019-01-12 Published:2019-06-12 Published online:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Tian-Yi YU,Xiao-Liang LI,Cai-Bin WANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571617, 41501330);the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2018E21, CXGC2018B05);Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program.(2016GGH4518)

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摘要：

磷是植物必需营养元素之一, 以多种方式影响作物氮吸收、利用。花生属于豆科作物, 氮素营养来源包括土壤、肥料和根瘤固氮。本研究以山东省主推品种花育22号(大花生)和花育20号(小花生)为材料, 设置5个施磷(P2O5)水平(0、45、90、135和180 kg hm -2), 利用 15N示踪技术, 进行了2年桶栽试验。结果表明, 施磷提高了两花生品种肥料氮、土壤氮及根瘤固氮积累量, 其中根瘤固氮积累量的增幅大于土壤氮和肥料氮, 年份和品种间表现基本一致; 随施磷量增加, 根瘤数量、鲜重及根瘤固氮积累比例呈增加趋势, 土壤氮、肥料氮积累比例呈降低趋势; 施磷量在45~90 kg hm -2范围内, 氮肥利用效率、荚果氮素利用效率及产量均呈增加趋势, 施磷量超过90 kg hm -2, 上述三指标呈降低趋势或不再增加; 磷肥农学效率随施磷量增加而降低; 根瘤固氮积累量与荚果产量、植株全氮积累量呈极显著正相关, 与土壤氮、肥料氮积累比例及氮素荚果利用效率呈极显著负相关。根瘤固氮积累比例与土壤氮和肥料氮积累量、供氮比例及氮肥利用率呈极显著负相关。综上, 施磷能增加花生根瘤固氮供氮量及供氮比例, 降低对肥料氮和土壤氮的依赖, 但过量施磷不利于氮、磷效率和产量的提高。45~90 kg hm -2(P2O5)为花生适宜施磷量。

关键词: 磷肥, 花生, 氮源, 氮吸收, 氮利用

Abstract:

P is one of the essential nutrients to plant and influences N uptake and utilization of crops by various ways. Peanut belongs to leguminous plant, which N nutrition is obtained from soil, fertilizer and nodule N fixation. This study is significant for fully developing the potential of N fixation and reducing dependence on N fertilizer. Two popularized cultivars (big pod cultivar Huayu 22 and small pod cultivar Huayu 20) in Shandong province were chosen and five P (P2O5) application levels (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha -1) were applied in a two-year barrel experiment, to investigate the influences of P on uptake and utilization of three N sources for peanut with 15N isotope tracing analysis. The N accumulation amounts from the three N sources in two varieties all increased with increasing P-level. The increment of N accumulation amount from nodule N fixation was larger than that from soil N and fertilizer N. And the change trends for different varieties and years were almost the same. Nodule numbers, fresh weights and percentages of N accumulation amounts form nodule N fixation increased with the increase of P application rate, while the percentages of N accumulation amounts form soil N and fertilizer N declined. In the P range of 45-90 kg ha -1, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen pod production efficiency (NPPE), and pod yield increased with increasing P-level. However, the three parameters decreased or did not increase any more with further more P application. In addition, the agronomic efficiency of P fertilizer decreased with the increase of P application rate. N accumulation amount from nodule N fixation had extremely significant and positive correlation with pod yield and total N accumulation amount of plant, and significantly negative correlation with percentages of N accumulation amounts from soil N and fertilizer N, NUE, and NPPE. And the percentage of N accumulation amount from nodule N fixation had extremely significant and negative correlation with N accumulation amounts and percentages of fertilizer N, soil N and NUE. In conclusion, applying P fertilizer could increase N supplying amount and percentage from nodule N fixation of peanut and reduce dependence on fertilizer N and soil N. However, excess P fertilizer is not benefit for N, P efficiency and pod yield. The suitable P rate for peanut is 45-90 kg ha -1.

Key words: phosphorus fertilizer, peanut, nitrogen resources, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen utilization

表1

不同处理肥料用量"

肥料种类 Fertilizer type P0 P45 P90 P135 P180
磷酸二氢钾 KH2PO4 0 0.98 1.96 2.94 3.92
硫酸钾 K2SO4 3.78 3.15 2.52 1.89 1.26
尿素 CO(NH2)2 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85

图1

不同品种及磷水平条件下花生3种氮源氮积累量 标以不同小写字母的柱值于处理间0.05水平上差异显著。NN: 根瘤固氮; SN: 土壤氮; FN: 肥料氮; P0: 施磷量0 kg hm-2; P45: 施磷量45 kg hm-2; P90: 施磷量90 kg hm-2; P135: 施磷量135 kg hm-2; P180: 施磷量180 kg hm-2。"

表2

不同品种及磷水平条件下花生3种氮源氮积累比例"

年份
Year		 施磷量
P rate		 肥料氮 N from fertilizer 土壤氮 N from soil 根瘤固氮 N fixed by root nodule
花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20		 花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20		 花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20
2015 0 11.34±0.51 a 17.01±1.77 a 37.19±1.81 a 55.79±3.45 a 51.53±0.42 b 27.21±4.98 b
45 11.17±1.29 a 15.63±1.91 ab 36.49±0.28 ab 51.23±2.88 ab 53.15±1.78 ab 33.14±4.33 ab
90 11.05±1.77 a 15.26±0.75 ab 35.93±0.04 ab 50.05±2.45 ab 53.20±1.25 ab 34.70±3.19 ab
135 10.89±1.21 a 14.96±1.09 ab 35.56±0.01 ab 49.08±3.58 b 53.76±1.11 ab 35.95±4.67 a
180 10.43±0.99 a 14.40±0.56 b 34.18±2.91 b 47.22±1.85 b 55.62±2.75 a 38.39±2.42 a
2016 0 10.23±0.45 a 12.17±1.12 a 33.32±1.51 a 39.89±0.83 a 56.59±2.33 b 48.19±1.89 b
45 9.87±1.21 ab 11.68±2.08 a 32.37±3.95 a 38.31±2.05 a 58.37±2.45 ab 51.03±4.29 ab
90 9.75±0.25 ab 11.32±1.29 a 31.98±0.82 a 37.14±4.24 a 58.27±0.52 ab 51.93±4.34 ab
135 9.52±0.30 ab 11.15±1.51 a 31.21±0.99 a 36.59±4.96 a 59.30±1.84 ab 53.00±1.73 a
180 8.90±0.42 b 11.01±1.58 a 29.19±1.37 a 36.04±0.20 a 61.99±3.10 a 53.30±1.92 a
显著性Significance (F-value)
年份Year (Y) ** ** **
品种Variety (V) ** ** **
施磷量P rate (P) ns ** **
年份×品种 Y×V ** ** **
年份×施磷量Y×P ns ns ns
品种×施磷量V×P ns ns ns

图2

不同品种及磷水平条件下花生根瘤数量 标以不同小写字母的柱值于处理间0.05水平上差异显著。P0: 施磷量0 kg hm-2; P45: 施磷量45 kg hm-2; P90: 施磷量90 kg hm-2; P135: 施磷量135 kg hm-2; P180: 施磷量180 kg hm-2。"

图3

不同品种及磷水平条件下花生根瘤鲜重 标以不同小写字母的柱值于处理间0.05水平上差异显著。P0: 施磷量0 kg hm-2; P45: 施磷量45 kg hm-2; P90: 施磷量90 kg hm-2; P135: 施磷量135 kg hm-2; P180: 施磷量180 kg hm-2。"

表3

不同品种及磷水平条件下氮肥利用率、氮肥荚果利用效率和磷肥农学效率"

年份
Year		 施磷量
P rate		 氮肥利用率
Nitrogen use efficiency
(%)		 氮素荚果利用率
Nitrogen pod production efficiency (kg kg-1)		 磷肥农学效率
Agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer (kg kg-1)
花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20		 花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20		 花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20
2015 0 30.93±0.83 b 40.81±3.00 a 18.64±0.61 ab 19.06±0.35 a — —
45 32.54±0.45 ab 42.60±0.16 a 19.08±0.68 a 19.08±0.13 a 8.00±0.85 a 10.51±1.19 a
90 33.17±2.66 ab 43.23±1.24 a 19.02±0.27 a 18.72±0.14 ab 5.57±0.74 b 6.13±0.49 b
135 34.01±2.01 a 43.43±1.84 a 18.56±0.37 ab 18.70±0.23 ab 4.01±0.45 bc 4.53±0.92 bc
180 34.10±0.58 a 41.60±0.94 a 17.77±0.27 b 18.55±0.23 b 3.08±0.61 c 3.19±0.16 c
2016 0 20.18±0.90 b 17.05±0.96 b 19.40±1.33 a 21.34±0.95 a — —
45 22.61±1.68 a 18.32±1.76 ab 19.60±0.37 a 21.51±0.70 a 7.42±0.68 a 6.73±1.13 a
90 22.83±0.46 a 18.51±1.18 ab 19.00±0.32 a 21.40±0.60 a 5.11±0.67 b 3.36±1.08 b
135 23.34±0.35 a 18.90±1.53 ab 18.36±0.30 ab 21.29±0.18 a 3.72±0.57 bc 3.53±0.42 b
180 22.94±0.67 a 19.93±2.00 a 17.31±0.53 b 19.73±0.59 b 2.61±0.27 c 2.48±0.46 b
显著性 Significance (F-value)
年份Year (Y) ** ** **
品种Variety (V) ** ** ns
施磷量P rate (P) ** ** **
年份×品种 Y×V ** ** ns
年份×施磷量Y×P ns ns ns
品种×施磷量V×P ns ns ns

表4

不同品种及磷水平条件下花生荚果产量和生物产量"

年份
Year		 施磷量
P rate		 荚果产量 Pod yield 生物产量 Biomass yield
花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20		 花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20
2015 0 43.25±1.62 b 39.09±3.15 b 84.73±2.68 b 72.40±5.37 b
45 47.38±1.72 ab 44.44±3.19 a 92.83±3.55 ab 80.60±6.53 ab
90 48.98±4.45 a 45.34±1.64 a 97.13±6.90 a 81.73±2.71 a
135 49.44±2.35 a 46.00±1.72 a 97.63±5.63 a 83.17±4.87 a
180 49.57±3.23 a 45.59±1.42 a 97.80±4.94 a 83.33±2.42 a
2016 0 32.64±0.78 b 25.46±1.23 b 86.06±5.97 b 57.45±3.59 b
45 36.39±2.50 a 28.89±1.96 a 94.56±9.24 ab 62.14±3.64 ab
90 37.81±0.84 a 29.84±1.35 a 93.74±3.88 ab 65.66±5.48 ab
135 38.29±1.07 a 30.85±2.30 a 103.33±1.37 a 66.49±5.46 ab
180 37.93±1.44 a 30.52±2.72 a 103.51±6.00 a 67.75±2.85 a
年份
Year		 施磷量
P rate		 荚果产量 Pod yield 生物产量 Biomass yield
花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20		 花育22号
Huayu 22		 花育20号
Huayu 20
显著性Significance (F-value)
年份Year (Y) ** **
品种Variety (V) ** **
施磷量P rate (P) ** **
年份×品种 Y×V ** **
年份×施磷量 Y×P ns ns
品种×施磷量 V×P ns ns

表5

花生产量与氮素积累、利用相关性状的相关系数"

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9
X2 0.988**
X3 0.816** 0.785**
X4 0.815** 0.783** 0.999**
X5 0.641** 0.696** 0.100 0.100
X6 0.236 0.170 0.743** 0.745** -0.583**
X7 0.235 0.170 0.743** 0.745** -0.584** 1.000**
X8 -0.236 -0.170 -0.740** -0.745** 0.583** -1.000** -1.000**
X9 0.818** 0.787** 1.000** 1.000** 0.110 0.740** 0.740** -0.741**
X10 -0.733** -0.825** -0.531** -0.522** -0.712** 0.053 0.054 -0.053 -0.534**
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