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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 2268-2277.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04237

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

低磷条件下玉米大豆间作对大豆根瘤生长、固氮功能的影响

覃潇敏1(), 潘浩男1, 肖靖秀1, 汤利1, 郑毅1,2,*()   

  1. 1云南农业大学, 云南昆明 650201
    2云南开放大学, 云南昆明 650599
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-31 接受日期:2021-03-19 出版日期:2021-11-12 网络出版日期:2021-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 郑毅
  • 作者简介:E-mail: qinxiaomin89@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200200/207);国家自然科学基金项目(31760615);国家自然科学基金项目(31760611);国家自然科学基金项目(32060718);云南省科技人才与平台计划项目(2019IC026)

Effects of maize and soybean intercropping on nodule growth, nitrogen fixation of soybean under low phosphorus condition

QIN Xiao-Min1(), PAN Hao-Nan1, XIAO Jing-Xiu1, TANG Li1, ZHENG Yi1,2,*()   

  1. 1Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
    2Yunnan Open University, Kunming 650599, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2020-10-31 Accepted:2021-03-19 Published:2021-11-12 Published online:2021-04-13
  • Contact: ZHENG Yi
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0200200/207);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760615);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760611);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060718);Science and Technology Talent and Platform of Yunnan Province(2019IC026)

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摘要：

通过盆栽试验, 探讨在低磷水平(P50)和正常磷水平(P100)下, 玉米与大豆间作对大豆氮磷吸收、根瘤生长与固氮能力的影响。结果表明, 低磷水平(P50)和正常磷水平(P100)下, 与单作大豆相比, 大豆与玉米间作能显著增加根瘤数、根瘤重、根瘤豆血红蛋白含量以及固氮酶活性, 并促进大豆的生长与氮磷吸收。2个磷水平下, 间作大豆根瘤内的氮磷浓度、酸性磷酸酶以及植酸酶活性均显著高于单作大豆, 并且间作P50处理根瘤内酶活性最高。此外, 与正常磷水平(P100)下的单作相比, 间作P50处理的大豆根瘤内磷素浓度并未受到抑制。说明在低磷条件下, 大豆与玉米间作系统主要通过增强根瘤内酸性磷酸酶、植酸酶活性来提高了根瘤内的磷浓度, 以维持根瘤固氮所需的较大磷素, 进而促进大豆生长与氮素吸收。

关键词: 磷水平, 玉米与大豆间作, 根瘤, 固氮能力, 氮磷吸收

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of maize and soybean intercropping on nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, nodule growth, and nitrogen fixation in soybean, a pot experiment was conducted with two phosphorus (P) rates (low P -P50 and sufficient P -P100). The results showed that, compared with monocropped soybean, intercropping of soybean and maize significantly increased the nodule number, nodule weight, leghemoglobin content, and nitrogenase activity of nodule, and promoted the growth and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus uptake of soybean under P50 and P100 rates. The concentrations of N, P, and the activities of acid phosphatase, phytase in nodules in intercropped soybean were significantly higher than those of monocropped soybean under P50 and P100 rates, and the activities of acid phosphatase and phytase showed the highest values under IS-P50 treatment. In addition, the P concentration in the nodules of intercropped soybean under P50 rate was significantly higher than that of monocropped soybean under P90 rate. so In summary, to maintain the larger phosphorus content for nitrogen fixation of soybean under phosphorus deficiency, the soybean and maize intercropping system increased the phosphorus concentration in the nodules mainly by enhancing the activities of acid phosphatase and phytase in the nodules, and thus promoted the growth and nitrogen uptake of soybean.

Key words: P rates, maize and soybean intercropping, nodule, nitrogen fixation, N and P uptake

表1

不同磷水平下玉米与大豆间作对大豆生长的影响"

磷水平
P rates		 种植模式
Planting patterns		 叶
Leaf		 茎
Stem		 根
Root		 全株
Whole plant
P50 MS 4.09±0.20 c 4.05±0.32 c 1.16±0.11 d 9.44±0.13 c
IS 7.04±0.69 b 6.76±0.81 b 2.17±0.15 c 16.23±1.16 b
P100 MS 6.39±0.33 b 6.01±0.27 b 2.48±0.18 b 15.04±0.39 b
IS 8.75±0.44 a 8.27±0.63 a 3.52±0.15 a 20.85±0.76 a

表2

间作和磷水平对大豆根瘤生长及固氮能力的影响"

磷水平
P rates		 种植模式
Planting patterns		 根瘤数
Nodule number		 根瘤干重
Nodule dry weight		 豆血红蛋白
Leghemoglobin		 固氮酶活性
Nitrogenase activity
P50 29.04 b 0.197 b 4.56 b 1.53 b
P100 42.88 a 0.245 a 5.74 a 2.02 a
MS 24.92 b 0.155 b 4.76 b 1.62 b
IS 47.00 a 0.287 a 5.55 a 1.92 a
磷水平 P rates (P) ** ** ** **
种植模式 Planting patterns (PP) ** ** ** **
P×PP * ns ns ns

图1

不同磷水平下间作对大豆根瘤生长及固氮能力的影响 缩写和处理同表1。不同大小写字母分别表示在P50和P100水平下单作与间作之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。"

表3

不同磷水平下玉米与大豆间作对大豆不同组织氮素吸收量的影响"

磷水平
P rates		 种植模式
Planting patterns		 叶
Leaves		 茎
Stems		 根
Roots		 根瘤
Nodules		 全株
Whole plant
P50 MS 13.76±1.51 a 11.61±1.78 a 1.24±0.09 a 1.22±0.01 a 27.83±1.07 a
IS 25.05±2.46 a 17.31±0.36 a 2.80±0.32 a 2.72±0.19 a 47.88±2.87 a
P100 MS 24.03±1.58 a 21.36±0.61 a 3.41±0.15 a 1.81±0.20 a 50.60±0.97 a
IS 34.63±1.86 a 26.67±2.20 a 5.53±0.24 a 3.59±0.32 a 70.43±3.52 a
施磷量 P rates
P50 19.41 b 14.46 b 2.02 b 1.97 b 37.86 b
P100 29.33 a 24.02 a 4.47 a 2.70 a 60.51 a
种植模式 Planting pattern
MS 18.90 b 16.48 b 2.32 b 1.51 b 39.22 b
IS 29.84 a 21.99 a 4.17 a 3.16 a 59.15 a
显著性 Significance
磷水平 P rates (P) ** ** ** ** **
种植模式 Planting patterns (PP) ** ** ** ** **
P×PP ns ns ns ns ns

表4

不同磷水平下玉米与大豆间作对大豆不同组织磷素吸收量的影响"

磷水平
P rates		 种植模式
Planting patterns		 叶
Leaves		 茎
Stems		 根
Roots		 根瘤
Nodules		 全株
Whole plant
P50 MS 12.13±0.56 a 7.66±0.78 a 1.75±0.25 a 1.55±0.07 a 23.09±0.61 a
IS 26.39±2.15 a 15.35±1.91 a 4.46±0.47 a 3.55±0.33 a 49.75±0.57 a
P100 MS 23.74±2.18 a 14.41±0.94 a 5.39±0.67 a 2.17±0.24 a 45.71±3.27 a
IS 37.16±1.54 a 22.36±1.79 a 9.32±0.15 a 4.60±0.22 a 73.45±0.43 a
施磷量 P rates
P50 19.26 b 11.50 b 3.11 b 2.55 b 36.42 b
P100 30.45 a 18.39 a 7.36 a 3.38 a 59.58 a
种植模式 Planting pattern
MS 17.93 b 11.04 b 3.57 b 1.88 b 34.40 b
IS 31.78 a 18.85 a 6.89 a 4.08 a 61.60 a
显著性Significance
磷水平 P rates (P) ** ** ** ** **
种植模式 Planting patterns (PP) ** ** ** ** **
P×PP ns ns * ns ns

表5

间作和磷水平对大豆氮磷浓度的影响"

磷水平
P rates		 种植模式
Planting patterns		 氮素浓度N concentrations 磷素浓度P concentrations
叶Leaf 根系Root 根瘤Nodule 叶Leaf 根系Root 根瘤Nodule
P50 34.58 b 11.86 b 98.07 b 3.36 b 1.78 b 12.63 a
P100 38.58 a 14.73 a 107.98 a 3.98 a 2.41 a 13.43 a
MS 35.57 b 12.28 b 96.75 b 3.34 b 1.84 b 11.93 b
IS 37.59 a 14.31 a 109.30 a 4.01 a 2.35 a 14.14 a
磷水平 P rates (P) ** ** * ** ** ns
种植模式 Planting patterns (PP) * * * ** ** **
P×PP ns ns ns ns ns ns

图2

不同磷水平下玉米与大豆间作对大豆不同组织氮素浓度的影响 缩写和处理同表1。不同大小写字母分别表示在P50和P100水平下单作与间作之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。"

图3

不同磷水平下玉米与大豆间作对大豆不同组织磷素浓度的影响 缩写和处理同表1。不同大小写字母分别表示在P50和P100水平下单作与间作之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。"

表6

间作和磷水平对大豆根瘤酶活性的影响"

磷水平
P rates		 种植模式
Planting patterns		 酸性磷酸酶Acid phosphatase 植酸酶Phytase
叶Leaf 根系Root 根瘤Nodule 叶Leaf 根系Root 根瘤Nodule
P50 21.19 a 7.74 a 28.89 a 37.17 a 10.00 a 52.84 a
P100 18.37 b 6.38 b 25.35 b 26.67 b 7.80 b 40.56 b
MS 18.48 b 6.22 b 25.60 b 29.45 b 8.18 b 43.67 b
IS 21.07 a 7.90 a 28.64 a 34.40 a 9.62 a 49.73 a
磷水平 P rates (P) ** ** ** ** ** **
种植模式 Planting patterns (PP) ** ** ** ** ** **
P×PP ns ns ns ns ns ns

图4

不同磷水平下间作对大豆根瘤酶活性的影响 缩写和处理同表1。不同大小写字母分别表示在P50和P100水平下单作与间作之间的差异显著性(P < 0.05)。"

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