作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2945-2952.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13077
曲梦雪(), 宋杰, 孙菁, 胡旦旦, 王洪章, 任昊, 赵斌, 张吉旺, 任佰朝, 刘鹏*(
)
QU Meng-Xue(), SONG Jie, SUN Jing, HU Dan-Dan, WANG Hong-Zhang, REN Hao, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-Wang, REN Bai-Zhao, LIU Peng*(
)
摘要:
土壤镉污染严重威胁农作物生产, 选用耐镉性能差异的玉米品种为试验材料, 研究其对玉米苗期根系生长发育的影响, 对耐镉玉米新品种选育及镉污染地块玉米栽培具有重要意义。以耐镉型品种鑫瑞57 (Xinrui 57, XR57)和镉敏感型品种立原296 (Liyuan 296, LY296)为试验材料, 采用水培方式, 设置不同镉浓度处理(0 mg L-1、10 mg L-1), 研究镉胁迫后2个品种苗期根系形态、生理特性和根系呼吸的差异。结果表明, 镉胁迫后2类型玉米品种根系均积累过量的镉, 严重影响根系生长, 其中LY296单株根系镉积累量达到1219.77 μg, 较XR57提高16.17%, 导致其根系各指标较其对照均显著降低, 表现为总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根干重以及节根的侧根密度, 分别下降43.92%、40.84%、39.34%、33.33%和62.54%。镉胁迫后2品种的细胞保护酶活性变化趋势不同, XR57和LY296根系的SOD活性均显著降低, 与各自对照相比分别下降43.05%和57.54%, XR57的POD和CAT活性显著上升, 分别为其对照的1.26倍和1.58倍; 而LY296的POD和CAT活性则呈下降趋势, 导致其H2O2含量显著上升, 氧化胁迫加重。镉胁迫显著增加了XR57根中可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量, 而LY296二者含量无显著变化。2类型玉米品种根系呼吸速率受镉胁迫抑制, 其中XR57的降幅较大, XR57还通过增大交替氧化酶(alternative oxidase, AOX)呼吸途径所占比例, 进一步增强其抗氧化能力。综合分析可知, 根系积累的过量镉显著抑制玉米苗期根系生长, 但是低镉积累的耐镉型玉米品种可以通过调控根系生理特性的变化和改变根系呼吸链传递途径来缓解镉毒害, 还可以通过更低的呼吸消耗减少代谢成本, 维持植株生长发育, 而镉敏感型玉米品种则无此优势。
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