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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 2373-2384.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24242

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐胁迫对花生幼苗离子动态及耐盐基因表达的影响

徐扬1(), 张岱2, 康涛3, 温赛群4, 张冠初1, 丁红1, 郭庆1, 秦斐斐1, 戴良香1,*(), 张智猛1,*()   

  1. 1山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100
    2河北农业大学植保学院, 河北保定 071001
    3泰安市农业科学院, 山东泰安 271001
    4河北省农林科学院, 河北石家庄 050050
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-28 接受日期:2023-02-21 出版日期:2023-09-12 网络出版日期:2023-03-15
  • 通讯作者: *张智猛, E-mail: qinhdao@126.com; 戴良香, E-mail: liangxiangd@163.com
  • 作者简介:徐扬, E-mail: xy52120092661@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31971856);国家自然科学基金项目(31901574);国家自然科学基金项目(31971854);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-04-06)

Effects of salt stress on ion dynamics and the relative expression level of salt tolerance genes in peanut seedlings

XU Yang1(), ZHANG Dai2, KANG Tao3, WEN Sai-Qun4, ZHANG Guan-Chu1, DING Hong1, GUO Qing1, QIN Fei-Fei1, DAI Liang-Xiang1,*(), ZHANG Zhi-Meng1,*()   

  1. 1Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    3Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271001, Shandong, China
    4Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050050, Hebei, China
  • Received:2022-10-28 Accepted:2023-02-21 Published:2023-09-12 Published online:2023-03-15
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971856);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901574);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971854);Modern Agricultural Industry Technical System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-04-06)

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摘要：

不同花生品种的耐盐能力各有差异, 本研究以耐盐花生品种花育25 (Huayu 25, HY25)和盐敏感品种花育20 (Huayu 20, HY20)为材料, 利用非损伤微测技术, 测定盐胁迫下花生幼苗根尖中Na+、K+、Ca2+、NH4+、NO3-、Cl-的流速; 并同期检测了幼苗的生长性状、主要耐盐基因的表达及渗透调节物质(可溶性糖、脯氨酸)含量的变化, 以明确花生的耐盐能力与离子吸收、转运及抗逆调控的关系。结果表明: (1) 盐胁迫下Na+内流减弱, 外排速率增加, K+内流提高, 但是相对而言, HY25的Na+外排速率及K+内流速率均高于HY20, 表明HY25通过排Na+保K+提高耐盐性; (2) 盐胁迫促进Ca2+迅速内流, 并且耐盐品种比盐敏感品种Ca2+内流速率更高, 可能与耐盐有关; (3) 盐胁迫导致两品种NO3-外排, 但耐盐品种HY25的外排流速更低, 表明HY25可通过减缓NO3-的流失以抵御盐胁迫的危害; (4) 盐胁迫促使耐盐品种HY25 Cl-外排, 但盐敏感品种Cl-的内流速率提高, 表明HY25可通过加快Cl-的外排减轻Cl-的毒害; (5) 盐胁迫显著诱导耐盐品种HY25耐盐相关基因AhNHX1、AhHA1、AhSAMDC1、AhLeaD的表达, 可帮助其提高盐耐受性。综上, HY25的高耐盐能力与较强的离子稳态和较高的耐盐基因表达量密切相关。明确盐胁迫下花生根系的离子流动规律和抗逆机制, 将为改善盐碱地花生出苗、立苗、健苗及其调控技术的建立提供理论支撑。

关键词: 花生, 盐胁迫, 动态离子流, 耐盐基因, 非损伤微测技术

Abstract:

Different peanut varieties have different salt tolerance. In this study, to determine the flow rates of ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, NH4+, NO3-, and Cl- in root tips of peanut seedlings under salt stress via Non-invasive Micro-test technique, a salt-tolerant peanut variety Huayu 25 (HY25) and a salt-sensitive variety Huayu 20 (HY20) were used as the experimental materials. The growth traits, the relative expression level of major salt tolerance genes, and the contents of osmotic regulatory substances (soluble sugar and proline) were also measured to establish the difference of ion absorption and stress resistance regulation in different varieties. The results showed as follows: (1) Under NaCl stress, Na+ influx was inhibited, and its efflux increased, but promoted the influx of K+. The efflux rate of Na+ and influx rate of K+ in HY25 were higher than HY20, which may improve salinity tolerance by preserving K+ and discharging Na+. (2) Salt stress promoted Ca2+ influx, and the Ca2+ influx rate of salt-tolerant varieties was higher than the salt-sensitive varieties, which might be related to salt tolerance. (3) NO3- exhibited efflux in both varieties under salt stress, but the efflux rate of the salt-tolerant variety HY25 was lower, indicating that HY25 could resist the harm of salt stress by slowing the loss of NO3-. (4) Salt stress induced Cl- efflux in HY25 but influx in salt-sensitive variety, indicating that HY25 could reduce the toxicity of Cl- by accelerating the efflux of Cl-. (5) Salt stress significantly up-regulated the relative expression level of salt-tolerant genes AhNHX1, AhHA1, AhSAMDC1, and AhLeaD in salt-tolerant variety HY25, which could help improve its salt tolerance. Clarifying the dynamic changes of root ion flow and resistance mechanism under salt stress can provide the theoretical support for improving the emergence, establishment, and development of peanut seedlings in saline-alkali land and the establishment of regulation technology.

Key words: peanut, salt stress, dynamic ion, salt tolerance genes, non-invasive micro-test technique (NMT)

图1

盐胁迫对根尖Na+瞬时流速和平均流速的影响 A: 盐胁迫和正常条件下的根尖Na+瞬时动态变化; B: NMT测定10 min时Na+平均流速。HY20CK: 对照条件下培养的HY20幼苗; HY20S: 150 mmol L-1 NaCl下培养的HY20幼苗; HY25CK: 对照条件下培养的HY25幼苗; HY25S: 150 mmol L-1 NaCl下培养的HY25幼苗。"

图2

盐胁迫对根尖K+瞬时流速和平均流速的影响 A: 盐胁迫和正常条件下根尖K+瞬时动态变化; B: NMT测定10 min时根尖K+平均流速。缩写同图1。"

图3

盐胁迫对根尖Ca2+瞬时流速和平均流速的影响 A: 盐胁迫和正常条件下的根尖Ca2+瞬时动态变化; B: NMT测定10 min时根尖Ca2+平均流速。缩写同图1。"

图4

盐胁迫对根尖NH4+瞬时流速和平均流速的影响 A: 盐胁迫和正常条件下的根尖NH4+瞬时动态变化; B: NMT测定10 min时NH4+平均流速。缩写同图1。"

图5

盐胁迫对根尖NO3-瞬时流速和平均流速的影响 A: 盐胁迫和正常条件下的根尖NO3-瞬时动态变化; B: NMT测定10 min时NO3-平均流速。缩写同图1。"

图6

盐胁迫对根尖Cl-瞬时流速和平均流速的影响 A: 盐胁迫和正常条件下的根尖Cl-瞬时动态变化; B: NMT测定10 min时Cl-平均流速。缩写同图1。"

表1

各离子与Na+平均速率间平衡关系"

K+/Na+ Ca2+/Na+ NH4+/Na+ NO3-/Na+ Cl-/Na+
HY20CK -0.00845 0.0115 0.0134 0.00119 -0.0107
HY20S 1.369 0.139 -0.0276 -0.0362 0.329
HY25CK -0.683 0.0312 -0.0364 -0.00737 0.0307
HY25S -6.108 -0.527 -0.254 0.0400 0.387

图7

盐胁迫处理前后耐盐基因表达量检测 HY25: 花育25; HY20: 花育20。统计学差异用小写字母表示, 不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图8

盐胁迫处理前后的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量测定 HY25: 花育25; HY20: 花育20。统计学差异用小写字母表示, 不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表2

盐胁迫对不同花生品种幼苗生长的影响"

品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 主根长
Primary root length		 主茎高
Main shoot height		 每株地下干重Underground dry weight per plant (g) 每株地上干重
Aboveground dry weight per plant (g)		 根冠比
Root/shoot ratio
花育25
Huayu 25		 CK 4.450±0.308 a 19.320±1.071 a 0.240±0.0163 a 1.640±0.0829 a 0.146±0.00303 a
150 mmol L-1 NaCl 2.553±0.244 b 12.470±0.474 b 0.130±0.00816 c 1.107±0.0946 c 0.119±0.00347 c
花育20
Huayu 20		 CK 4.997±0.418 a 12.380±0.849 b 0.210±0.00817 b 1.433±0.184 b 0.148±0.0138 a
150 mmol L-1 NaCl 1.920±0.153 c 7.867±0.818 c 0.113±0.0125 d 0.820±0.0993 d 0.139±0.00984 b
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