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基于耐性指数的青稞苗期耐低氮种质筛选及不同氮效率类型综合评价

文璇1,2，钟秀丽1,2，王尚文1,2，金涛3,4，彭君3，刘恩科1,2,3,*   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京100081; 2农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京100081; 3西藏自治区农牧科学院, 西藏拉萨850002; 4省部共建青稞和耗牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室, 西藏拉萨850002
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-07 修回日期:2025-03-26 接受日期:2025-03-26 网络出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由省部共建青稞和耗牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室项目(XZNKY-CZ-2022-016-04), 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301302-2)和西藏自治区科技计划揭榜挂帅项目(XZ202101ZY0008N-KT02-Z05)资助。

Screening of low nitrogen tolerant germplasm in seedling highland barley based on tolerance index and comprehensive evaluation of different nitrogen efficiency types

WEN Xuan1,2,ZHONG Xiu-Li1,2,WANG Shang-Wen1,2,JIN Tao3,4,PENG Jun3,LIU En-Ke1,2,3,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100081, China; 3 Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, Xizang, China; 4 State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, Xizang, China
  • Received:2024-11-07 Revised:2025-03-26 Accepted:2025-03-26 Published online:2025-04-01
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the the Project of the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Resources of Barley and Yak Co-built by the Ministry and the Province (XZNKY-CZ-2022-016-04), National Key Research and Development Program Project (2022YFD2301302-2), and Xizang Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program’s Project Selection through Public Challenge (XZ202101ZY0008N-KT02-Z05).

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摘要：

氮素是作物生长发育的关键营养元素，但在旱地土壤中常常缺乏，这会对青稞的生长和经济产量产生负面影响，因此，筛选耐低氮和氮高效的青稞种质资源是提高氮素利用效率的有效途径。本研究以143份青稞种质为材料，采用苗期水培法进行试验，设置正常氮素处理(5.0 mmol L-1)和低氮胁迫处理(0.1 mmol L-1)。通过测定不同氮处理下的农艺性状及氮素利用相关的10个指标，结合主成分分析、氮效率综合值和聚类分析，全面评价不同青稞种质的耐低氮能力。结果表明，1) 低氮处理下青稞苗期的茎叶鲜重、根系鲜重、茎叶干重、根系干重、植株干重、氮含量和氮积累量均显著降低，而根冠比、氮利用效率及其吸收效率均显著增加；2) 青稞的各性状在不同氮素水平下表现出一定程度的变异性，变异系数的范围介于14.01%~49.80%之间，且均达到10.00%以上；3) 对不同氮素水平下青稞的12个测定指标进行了主成分分析，在正常氮和低氮处理下，各自提取了3个主成分，且其累计贡献率分别达到了91.91%和93.13%；4) 结合性状的变异性、相关性和主成分分析确定了氮效率综合评价指标。然后通过氮效率综合值与耐性指数结合筛选出了ZDM04507黑青稞、ZDM0468贡觉1号、ZDM04284达兴、ZDM04643尼玛麻、ZDM04480白青稞、ZDM05597扎仁和ZDM04469灰四棱7份耐低氮青稞种质。

关键词: 青稞, 耐低氮, 种质筛选, 氮效率综合值, 聚类分析

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for crop growth and development; however, its deficiency in dryland soils often limits the growth and yield of highland barley. Identifying germplasm with low-N tolerance and high N-use efficiency is critical for improving nitrogen utilization. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted using 143 highland barley germplasms under two nitrogen treatments: normal N supply (5.0 mmol L-1) and low N stress (0.1 mmol L-1). Ten agronomic and nitrogen utilization traits were measured under both conditions, and a comprehensive assessment of low-N tolerance was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), nitrogen efficiency indices, and cluster analysis. The results showed that under low-N stress, stalk and leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, stalk and leaf dry weight, root dry weight, total plant dry weight, N content, and N accumulation significantly decreased, whereas the root-to-shoot ratio, N uptake efficiency, and N utilization efficiency significantly increased. The coefficient of variation (CV) for highland barley traits ranged from 14.01% to 49.80%, with all traits exceeding 10.00% variability. PCA of 12 agronomic traits revealed that the cumulative contribution of the first three principal components reached 91.91% under normal N conditions and 93.13% under low-N conditions. A comprehensive nitrogen efficiency index was developed by integrating trait variability, correlation analysis, and PCA. Based on nitrogen efficiency values and tolerance indices, seven germplasm accessions with strong low-N tolerance were identified: ZDM04507 (Heiqingke), ZDM0468 (Gongjue 1), ZDM04284 (Daxing), ZDM04643 (Nimama), ZDM04480 (Baiqingke), ZDM05597 (Zharen), and ZDM04469 (Huisileng).

Key words: highland barley, low-N tolerance, germplasms screening, comprehensive nitrogen efficiency value, cluster analysis

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