甘蔗杂交育种的发展现状与展望

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64074

作物学报

• 综述 •

甘蔗杂交育种的发展现状与展望

王裴林^1,2,**，吴期滨^1,2,**，甘仪梅¹，曹峥英¹，赵培方³，刘家勇³，王东姣¹，苏亚春²，孙婷婷¹，王恒波²，赵婉莹¹，张媛媛¹，杨本鹏^1,*，张跃彬^3,*，李杨瑞^4,*，阙友雄^1,2,*

1 热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室 / 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所, 海南三亚 572024; 2 农业农村部甘蔗生物学与遗传育种重点实验室 / 国家甘蔗工程技术研究中心 / 福建农林大学农学院, 福建福州 350002; 3 热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室 / 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所, 云南开远 661699; 4 农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室 / 广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所, 广西南宁 530007

收稿日期:2026-06-11 修回日期:2026-07-20 接受日期:2026-07-20 网络出版日期:2026-07-21
通讯作者: 杨本鹏, E-mail: yangbenpeng@catasitbb.cn; 张跃彬, E-mail: ynzyb@sohu.com; 李杨瑞, E-mail: liyr@gxaas.net; 阙友雄, E-mail: queyouxiong@126.com
基金资助:
本研究由中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202402), 广西科技计划项目(农业农村领域) (GUIKENONG AB24153001), 热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室项目(NKLTCBCXTD24, NKLTCBCXTD38), 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-17)资助。

Current status and prospects of sugarcane hybrid breeding

Wang Pei-Lin^1,2,**,Wu Qi-Bin^1,2,**,Gan Yi-Mei¹,Cao Zheng-Ying¹,Zhao Pei-Fang³,Liu Jia-Yong³,Wang Dong-Jiao¹, Su Ya-Chun²,Sun Ting-Ting¹,Wang Heng-Bo²,Zhao Wan-Ying¹,Zhang Yuan-Yuan¹,Yang Ben-Peng^1,*,Zhang Yue-Bin^3,*, Li Yang-Rui^4,*,Que You-Xiong^1,2,*

#br#

1 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding / Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane / College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; 3 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding / Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan 661699, Yunnan, China; 4 Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China

Received:2026-06-11 Revised:2026-07-20 Accepted:2026-07-20 Published online:2026-07-21
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center (CATASCXTD202402), the Guangxi Science and Technology Project (Agricultural and Rural Field) (GUIKENONG AB24153001), the Project of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding (NKLTCBCXTD24, NKLTCBCXTD38), and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-17).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 甘蔗是我国最重要的糖料作物，贡献了全国90%左右的食糖产量，其中品种改良的科技贡献率高达60%。杂交育种是甘蔗遗传改良的核心途径，百余年来，通过不断重组亲本性状、选择优良后代无性系，推动了高产、高糖、抗病和适应性广等综合性状优良的甘蔗新品种培育。近年来，甘蔗杂交育种已由经验性表型选择，逐步发展为融合种质资源评价、亲本组合设计、开花诱导与花期调控、高通量表型鉴定、分子标记辅助选择和多环境评价的现代育种体系，显著提高了杂交效率、选择精度和多性状聚合能力。未来，基因组学和多组学数据、高通量基因分型、转基因、基因编辑、全基因组选择和人工智能等技术，将作为赋能工具，服务于甘蔗杂交育种中的亲本创制、组合优化、早代筛选、育种值预测和性状定向聚合，推动甘蔗杂交育种在保持“亲本选配-杂交重组-后代选择”核心框架的基础上，向数据驱动、模型预测和反馈优化的精准育种体系发展。本文系统总结了甘蔗杂交育种的历史和现状，提出未来发展策略，旨在为培育兼具高产高糖、抗逆广适、适宜机械化、资源高效利用并具多元利用潜力的甘蔗新品种提供参考。

关键词: 甘蔗, 杂交育种, 分子设计育种, 基因组选择, 智能育种

Abstract: Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop in China, contributing approximately 90% of the national sugar production, and variety improvement accounts for up to 60% of the scientific and technological contribution rate. Hybrid breeding is the core approach for sugarcane genetic improvement. Over the past century, continuous recombination of parental traits and selection of superior progeny clones have promoted the development of new sugarcane varieties with high yield, high sugar content, disease resistance, and broad adaptability. In recent years, sugarcane hybrid breeding has gradually shifted from experience-based phenotypic selection to a modern breeding system integrating germplasm resource evaluation, parental combination design, flowering induction and flowering-time regulation, high-throughput phenotyping, marker-assisted selection, and multi-environment evaluation, thereby significantly improving the hybridization efficiency, selection accuracy, and multi-trait pyramiding capacity. In the future, genomics and multi-omics data, high-throughput genotyping, transgenic technology, genome editing, genomic selection, and artificial intelligence will function as empowering technologies to support the parent development, combination optimization, early-stage selection, breeding value prediction, and targeted trait pyramiding in sugarcane hybrid breeding. These advances will drive sugarcane hybrid breeding toward a precision breeding system characterized by data-driven decision-making, model-based prediction, and feedback optimization, while retaining the core framework of “parental selection-hybrid recombination-progeny selection”. This review systematically summarizes the history and current status of sugarcane hybrid breeding and proposes future development strategies, aiming to provide a reference for developing new sugarcane varieties with high yield and high sugar content, stress resistance and broad adaptability, mechanized production feasibility, efficient resource use, and diversified utilization potential.

Key words: sugarcane, hybrid breeding, molecular design breeding, genomic selection, intelligent breeding

王裴林, 吴期滨, 甘仪梅, 曹峥英, 赵培方, 刘家勇, 王东姣, 苏亚春, 孙婷婷, 王恒波, 赵婉莹, 张媛媛, 杨本鹏, 张跃彬, 李杨瑞, 阙友雄. 甘蔗杂交育种的发展现状与展望[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

Wang Pei-Lin, Wu Qi-Bin, Gan Yi-Mei, Cao Zheng-Ying, Zhao Pei-Fang, Liu Jia-Yong, Wang Dong-Jiao, u Ya-Chun, Sun Ting-Ting, Wang Heng-Bo, Zhao Wan-Ying, Zhang Yuan-Yuan, Yang Ben-Peng, Zhang Yue-Bin, Li Yang-Rui, Que You-Xiong. Current status and prospects of sugarcane hybrid breeding[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64074

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甘蔗杂交育种的发展现状与展望

Current status and prospects of sugarcane hybrid breeding

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