欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 1875-1883.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01875

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种密度对冬小麦不同穗位与粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响

屈会娟1,2，李金才1,2,*，沈学善1,2，李如意2，魏凤珍1，张一1   

  1. 1安徽农业大学农学院，安徽合肥230036；2河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心，河南郑州450002
  • 收稿日期:2008-12-09 修回日期:2009-04-18 出版日期:2009-10-12 网络出版日期:2009-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 李金才,E-mail:ljc5122423@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国际科技支撑计划项目（2009BADA6B03和2007BAD89B10），国家粮食丰产科技工程项目（2006BAD02A），安徽省自然科学基金项目（070411013）资助。

Effects of  Plant Density on Grain Number and Grain Weight at Different Spikelets and Grain Positions in Winter Wheat Cultivars

QU Hui-Juan1,2,LI Jin-Cai1,2,*,SHEN Xue-Shan1,2,LI Ru-Yi2,WEI Feng-Zhen1,ZHANG Yi1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; 2 Nation Engineering Research Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • Received:2008-12-09 Revised:2009-04-18 Published:2009-10-12 Published online:2009-08-07
  • Contact: KI Jin-Cai，E-mail:ljc5122423@126.com

PDF

3469

被引次数

50

摘要：

利用重穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八和中间型品种周麦18，研究了不同播种密度对结实粒数与粒重的小穗位和粒位效应的影响。结果表明，不同穗型冬小麦品种小穗位结实粒数、小穗重及不同粒位粒重均随着小穗位自基部至顶部呈先增后降的二次曲线变化；不同穗型冬小麦品种穗部籽粒的分布差异显著，主茎穗的结实特性及粒重均优于分蘖穗；随着播种密度的下降，穗部结实特性和粒重有优化的趋势，重穗型品种兰考矮早八对密度的反应更为敏感，中间型品种周麦18小穗位和粒位对播种密度的调节效应较强；不同部位小穗粒重因结实粒数的差异表现出不同的粒位效应，下部和中部小穗位的第2粒位粒重较大，而位于上部和顶部小穗位第1粒位粒重较大，第3粒位粒重次于第1和第2粒位，第4粒位粒重最小。在小麦栽培中，应在保证主茎穗的基础上适当增加分蘖穗的比例。并在保证结实粒数的基础上提高粒重，尤其是下部小穗的结实粒数和粒重。同时，在保证第1、2粒位粒重的前提下最大限度地发挥第3、4粒位的粒重潜力，可以使小麦实现高产稳产。

关键词: 冬小麦, 播种密度, 穗型, 小穗位, 粒位

Abstract:

Seed-setting traits and grain weight are influenced by either genetic factor or cultivation environment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), such as plant density. Due to the unbalanced development of a spike, grain number and grain weight at different spikelets and grain positions are largely different. Although their distributions have been described in earlier reports, the effect of plant density is not clear. This study focused on the effect of plant density on the grain number and grain weight of two wheat cultivars (Lankao Aizao 8 of large-spike type and Zhoumai 18 of medium-spike type) at different spikelets and grain positions. The grain number, spikelet weight, and grain weight with the spikelets positions from the bottom to the top increased first and then decreased. The differences of seed-setting traits between two cultivars were significant. Meanwhile, seed-setting traits of main sipke were supeirior than that of tillering spike. Under low sowing density, the seed setting characteristics and grain weight in Lankao Aizao 8 were more superior than those in Zhoumai 18, and those of main stem spike were more superior than those of tillering spike. The effects of spikelet and grain positions on the weight of individual grain varied with the grain number of spikelet. For the basal and middle spikelets, the grain weight was higher at second grain position than at the first one, whereas it was inverse for the upper and top spikelets. The grain weight was lower in the third grain position than in the first and second grain position, and the least in the fourth grain position. In conclusion, appropriate plant density is important for high yield of different spike-type cultivars, and in wheat production we should properly increase the proportion of tillering spike on the basis of ensuring main stem spike number; increase grain weight on the basis of ensuring fertile grain number especially for basal spikelet; and develop the potential of grain weight in the third and fourth grain positions on the basis of ensuring that in the first and second grain positions of spikelet.

Key words: Winter wheat, Plant density, Spike type, Spikelet position, Grain position

[1] Hanft J M, JonesR J, StummeA B. Dry matter accumulation and carbohydrate concentration patterns of field-grown and in vitro cultured maize kernels from the tip and middle ear positions. Crop Sci, 1986, 26: 568-572

[2] Pal M S, Zhang G P, Chen J X. Influence of genotypes and nitrogen fertilization on leaf morphogenesis and tillering behaviors in winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2000, 20(1): 28-33

[3] Chen Y, Yuan L P, Wang X H, Zhang D Y, Chen J, Deng Q Y, Zhao B R, Xu D Q. Relationship between grain yield and leaf photosynthetic rate in super hybid rice. J Plant Physiol Mol Biol, 2007, 33: 235-243

[4] Daniel J M, Guatavo A S. Individual grain weight responses to genetic reduction in culm length in wheat as affected by source-sink manipulations. Field Crops Res, l995, 43: 55-66

[5] Li C-X(李春喜), Shi H-E(石惠恩), Jiang L-N(姜丽娜). Investigation on the grain weight distribution characteristic of wheat in different densities. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin (西北植物学报), 1999, 19(1): 132-137(in Chinese with English abstract)

[6] Huang K-H(黄开红), Shi W-Q(石伟旗), Bian Z-H(卞祖华). Relations between wheat anthesis characteristic and grain-set rate. J Jiangsu Agric Sci (江苏农业科学), 1990, (6): 5-8 (in Chinese)

[7] Li C-X(李春喜), Jiang L-N(姜丽娜), Shi H-E(石惠恩), Ji S-D(姬生栋). Distribution of grain number and grain weight on tillers in wheat. Gengzuo yu Zaipei (耕作与栽培), 1999, (6): 5-9 (in Chinese)

[8] He M-R(贺明荣), Wang Z-L(王振林), Zhang J-C(张杰昌). Distribution of photo assimilate to different parts of wheat era after anthesis and its relation to kernel weight per era. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2000, 62(2): 190-194 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[9] Guo W-S(郭文善), Peng Y-X(彭永欣). Cultivation and Physiology in Wheat. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 1992. pp 42-49 (in Chinese)

[10] Dong Z-G(董正国). Distribution characteristic of wheat grain weight. Foreign Agron-Triticeae Crops (国外农学——麦类作物), 1991, (8): 47-49 (in Chinese)

[11] Hou Y-Y(侯远玉). Variation of grain weight and grain set between ear sections in different ear-type of wheat genotypes. J Sichuan Agric Univ (四川农业大学学报), 1997, 15(2): 218-222 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[12] Li M-L(李孟良), Shi X-Q(时侠清). Difference of grain weight era at different grain positions in wheat. Seeds (种子), 2001, (1): 17-19 (in Chinese)

[13] Pan J(潘洁), Jiang D(姜东), Cao W-X(曹卫星), Sun C-F(孙传范). Effects of spikelet and grain positions on grain number, weight and protein content of wheat spike. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2005, 31(4): 431-437 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[14] Pei X-X(裴雪霞), Wang J-A(王姣爱), Dang J-Y(党建友), Wang X-B(王秀斌), Zhang D-Y(张定一). Effects of spikelet and grain position on fertile spikelet number, grain weight and quality of wheat. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2008, 41(2): 381-390 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[15] Yu Z-W(于振文). Crop Cultivation (in Northern Area) (作物栽培学·北方本). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003 (in Chinese)

[16] Zhang X-R(张晓融), Wang S-Z(王世之). Studies on the anatomical and physiological factors influencing the unbalanced development of the spikes. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1993, 19(2): 103-109 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17] Ru Z-G(茹振钢), Li G(李淦), Hu T-Z(胡铁柱), Li L-P(栗利波). Analysis of grain weight and quality at different floret position of strong glutinin wheat. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2006, 26(5): 134-136 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[18] Li C-D(李存东), Cao W-X(曹卫星), Zhang Y-C(张月晨), Dai T-B(戴廷波). Floret position differences in seed setting characteristic of different sowing dates and varieties. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin (华北农学报), 2001, 16(2): 1-7 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19] Zhu X-K(朱新开), Guo W-S(郭文善), Wang Y-J(王永吉), Feng C-N(封超年), Peng Y-X(彭永欣). Study of distribution rule of wheat grain weight and their relationship. Seed (种子), 2004, 23(11): 67-71 (in Chinese)
[1] 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535.
[2] 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[3] 乔宇馨, 李程越, 康晓玉, 张鑫琪, 贾绍辉, 刘倩, 曹亚丽, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇, 李萍. 基于APSIM模型的长期免耕秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦增产效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1181-1192.
[4] 吴柳格, 陈坚, 张鑫, 邓艾兴, 宋振伟, 郑成岩, 张卫建. 近二十年国审冬小麦品种的产量与品质性状变化趋势研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1814-1826.
[5] 陈如雪, 孙丽芳, 张芯源, 牟海萌, 张永新, 袁丽雪, 彭仕乐, 王壮壮, 王永华. 秸秆还田与微生物菌剂配施对冬小麦旗叶碳氮代谢及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1901-1913.
[6] 赵刚, 张建军, 党翼, 樊廷录, 王磊, 周刚, 王淑英, 李兴茂, 倪胜利, 米文博, 周旭姣, 程万莉, 李尚中. 黄土旱塬区秸秆覆盖量对不同降雨年型土壤水温效应和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1643-1653.
[7] 王东, 王森, 尚丽, 冯浩伟, 张永巧, 崔佳鸣, 李爽, 章佳聪, 车欢. 补灌对黄土高原半湿润区冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1312-1325.
[8] 王娇, 白海霞, 韩语燕, 梁惠, 冯雅楠, 张东升, 李萍, 宗毓铮, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇. CO2浓度升高、升温及其交互作用对良星99冬小麦叶片碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(4): 1061-1076.
[9] 张妍妍, 李迎, 刘栩辰, 黄超, 吕佳宁, 周海佳, 马守田, 秦安振, 高子乐, 吴光辉, 陈丹, 姬夏楠, 刘战东. 深松耕作条件下滴灌对冬小麦花后干物质积累及灌浆特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(11): 3065-3079.
[10] 张军, 胡川, 周起晖, 任开明, 董誓言, 刘傲寒, 吴金芝, 黄明, 李友军. 减氮及有机肥替代对旱地冬小麦干物质积累、转运、分配和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 207-220.
[11] 马艳明, 娄鸿耀, 王威, 孙娜, 颜国荣, 张胜军, 刘杰, 倪中福, 徐麟. 新疆冬小麦籽粒品质性状遗传差异与关联分析[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(6): 1394-1405.
[12] 黄宏胜, 张馨月, 居辉, 韩雪. 大气CO2浓度升高背景下冬小麦冠层光谱特征和地上生物量估算[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(4): 991-1003.
[13] 赵荣荣, 丛楠, 赵闯. 基于Landsat 8影像提取豫中地区冬小麦和夏玉米分布信息的最佳时相选择[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(3): 721-733.
[14] 谭丹, 陈家婷, 郜钰, 张晓军, 李欣, 闫贵云, 李锐, 陈芳, 常利芳, 张树伟, 郭慧娟, 畅志坚, 乔麟轶. 小麦穗型相关生长素通路基因发掘及TaARF23-A与小穗数关联分析[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(2): 506-513.
[15] 谢炜, 贺鹏, 马宏亮, 雷芳, 黄秀兰, 樊高琼, 杨洪坤. 秋闲期秸秆覆盖与施磷对冬小麦氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(2): 440-450.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2