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作物学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 1875-1883.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01875

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种密度对冬小麦不同穗位与粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响

屈会娟1,2，李金才1,2,*，沈学善1,2，李如意2，魏凤珍1，张一1   

  1. 1安徽农业大学农学院，安徽合肥230036；2河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心，河南郑州450002
  • 收稿日期:2008-12-09 修回日期:2009-04-18 出版日期:2009-10-12 网络出版日期:2009-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 李金才,E-mail:ljc5122423@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国际科技支撑计划项目（2009BADA6B03和2007BAD89B10），国家粮食丰产科技工程项目（2006BAD02A），安徽省自然科学基金项目（070411013）资助。

Effects of  Plant Density on Grain Number and Grain Weight at Different Spikelets and Grain Positions in Winter Wheat Cultivars

QU Hui-Juan1,2,LI Jin-Cai1,2,*,SHEN Xue-Shan1,2,LI Ru-Yi2,WEI Feng-Zhen1,ZHANG Yi1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; 2 Nation Engineering Research Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • Received:2008-12-09 Revised:2009-04-18 Published:2009-10-12 Published online:2009-08-07
  • Contact: KI Jin-Cai，E-mail:ljc5122423@126.com

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2111

被引次数

50

摘要：

利用重穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八和中间型品种周麦18，研究了不同播种密度对结实粒数与粒重的小穗位和粒位效应的影响。结果表明，不同穗型冬小麦品种小穗位结实粒数、小穗重及不同粒位粒重均随着小穗位自基部至顶部呈先增后降的二次曲线变化；不同穗型冬小麦品种穗部籽粒的分布差异显著，主茎穗的结实特性及粒重均优于分蘖穗；随着播种密度的下降，穗部结实特性和粒重有优化的趋势，重穗型品种兰考矮早八对密度的反应更为敏感，中间型品种周麦18小穗位和粒位对播种密度的调节效应较强；不同部位小穗粒重因结实粒数的差异表现出不同的粒位效应，下部和中部小穗位的第2粒位粒重较大，而位于上部和顶部小穗位第1粒位粒重较大，第3粒位粒重次于第1和第2粒位，第4粒位粒重最小。在小麦栽培中，应在保证主茎穗的基础上适当增加分蘖穗的比例。并在保证结实粒数的基础上提高粒重，尤其是下部小穗的结实粒数和粒重。同时，在保证第1、2粒位粒重的前提下最大限度地发挥第3、4粒位的粒重潜力，可以使小麦实现高产稳产。

关键词: 冬小麦, 播种密度, 穗型, 小穗位, 粒位

Abstract:

Seed-setting traits and grain weight are influenced by either genetic factor or cultivation environment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), such as plant density. Due to the unbalanced development of a spike, grain number and grain weight at different spikelets and grain positions are largely different. Although their distributions have been described in earlier reports, the effect of plant density is not clear. This study focused on the effect of plant density on the grain number and grain weight of two wheat cultivars (Lankao Aizao 8 of large-spike type and Zhoumai 18 of medium-spike type) at different spikelets and grain positions. The grain number, spikelet weight, and grain weight with the spikelets positions from the bottom to the top increased first and then decreased. The differences of seed-setting traits between two cultivars were significant. Meanwhile, seed-setting traits of main sipke were supeirior than that of tillering spike. Under low sowing density, the seed setting characteristics and grain weight in Lankao Aizao 8 were more superior than those in Zhoumai 18, and those of main stem spike were more superior than those of tillering spike. The effects of spikelet and grain positions on the weight of individual grain varied with the grain number of spikelet. For the basal and middle spikelets, the grain weight was higher at second grain position than at the first one, whereas it was inverse for the upper and top spikelets. The grain weight was lower in the third grain position than in the first and second grain position, and the least in the fourth grain position. In conclusion, appropriate plant density is important for high yield of different spike-type cultivars, and in wheat production we should properly increase the proportion of tillering spike on the basis of ensuring main stem spike number; increase grain weight on the basis of ensuring fertile grain number especially for basal spikelet; and develop the potential of grain weight in the third and fourth grain positions on the basis of ensuring that in the first and second grain positions of spikelet.

Key words: Winter wheat, Plant density, Spike type, Spikelet position, Grain position

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