水稻氮高产高效与低产低效两类品种株型特征差异研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以氮利用高产高效型和低产低效型的12个粳稻品种的大田试验研究了225 kg hm^-2纯氮水平下株型特征的类型间差异，以及株型特征、倒伏性状、产量和氮肥利用率的相互关系。结果表明，水稻上三叶的叶长、叶披垂度，氮高产高效型品种显著低于氮低产低效型，平均分别低9.29%、65.3%；上三叶的叶宽、群体LAI、有效LAI、高效LAI和比叶重，氮高产高效型平均分别比氮低产低效型高29.25%、8.27%、13.32%、6.66%和5.82%。相对于氮低产低效型品种，氮高产高效型品种植株茎秆节间配置合理，抗倒能力增强。水稻的产量、氮肥利用效率与植株上三叶的叶长、叶披垂度均呈显著或极显著负相关，与上三叶的叶宽、群体LAI、有效LAI、高效LAI和比叶重呈显著或极显著正相关，与抗折力、弯曲力矩和秆型指数呈显著或极显著正相关。尤其是剑叶、倒三叶的叶长和叶宽对氮素利用效率的作用较大。说明良好的株型结构是氮肥利用效率提高的前提。

关键词: 水稻, 株型特征, 氮效率, 产量

Abstract:

A field experiment with 225 kg ha^-1 N fertilizer application was carried out in 2006 and 2007 on the farm of Yangzhou university, Jiangsu province, China. Using 12 rice genotypes (six N-efficient and six N-inefficient) selected from 120 rice cultivars grown in Yangzhou during 2004 and 2005 to investigate the relationship among the plant-type characteristics, N use efficiency and yield performance. The results showed that the top three leaves length and drop-angle of high yield and N-efficient rice genotypes were 9.29%, 65.3% lower than those of the low yield and N-inefficient ones, and the width of the top three leaves, population LAI, valid LAI, high valid LAI and LW/LA(leaves weight/leaves area) of the former of were 29.25%, 8.27%, 13.32%, 6.66%, and 5.82% higher than those of the latter on average respectively. The high yield and N-efficient genotypes had higher lodging resistance capability and more reasonable distribution for the length of internodes on stem than the low yield and N-inefficient ones. Yield and N use efficiency negatively correlated (significantly at P<0.05 or P<0.01) with the length and drop-angle of the top three leaves, while positively correlated(significantly at P<0.05 or P<0.01)with the width of the top three leaves, population LAI, valid LAI, high valid LAI, SLW, anti-broken strength, bender moment, and lodge index. Especially, the length and width of the flag and top 3rd leaves played an important role in the N use efficiency. It was indicated that good plant-type structure is a prerequisite for N use efficiency.

Key words: Rice, Plant-type characteristics, N use efficiency, Yield

张庆,殷春渊,张洪程,魏海燕,马群,杭杰,李敏,李国业. 水稻氮高产高效与低产低效两类品种株型特征差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(06): 1011-1021.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01011

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2010/V36/I06/1011

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