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作物学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 80-85.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00080

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

近年我国玉米超高产田的分布、产量构成及关键技术

陈国平1，高聚林2，赵明3，董树亭4，李少昆3，杨祁峰5，刘永红6，王立春7，薛吉全8，柳京国9，李潮海10，王永宏11，王友德12，宋慧欣13，赵久然1,*   

  1. 1北京市农林科学院, 北京 100097; 2内蒙古农业大学, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010000; 3中国农业科学院, 北京 100081; 4山东农业大学, 山东泰安 271000; 5甘肃省农技推广站, 甘肃兰州 730030; 6 四川省农业科学院, 四川成都 610066; 7吉林农业科学院, 吉林长春 130000; 8西北农林科技大学, 陕西杨凌 712100; 9山东登海种业集团, 山东莱州 261448; 10河南农业大学, 河南郑州 450000; 11宁夏农林科学院, 宁夏永宁 750105; 12新疆农垦科学院, 新疆石河子 832000; 13北京市农技推广站, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2011-06-14 修回日期:2011-10-12 出版日期:2012-01-12 网络出版日期:2011-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 赵久然, E-mail: maizezhao@126.com, Tel: 010-51503936
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家玉米产业技术体系项目(nycytx-02)和北京农业育种基础研究创新平台建设II期项目(D08070500690802)资助。

Analysis on Distribution, Yield Structure and Key Culture Techniques of Maize Super-high Yield Plots in Recent Years

CHEN Guo-Ping1,GAO Ju-Lin2,ZHAO Ming3,DONG Shu-Ting4,LI Shao-Kun3,YANG Qi-Feng5,LIU Yong-Hong6,WANG Li-Chun7,XUE Ji-Quan8,LIU Jing-Guo9,LI Chao-Hai10,WANG Yong-Hong11,WANG You-De12,SONG Hui-Xin13,ZHAO Jiu-Ran1,*   

  1. 1 Beijing Academy of Agricultural & Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; 2 Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010000, China; 3 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 4 Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; 5 Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension station, Lanzhou 730030, China; 6 Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; 7 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China; 8 Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; 9 Shandong Denghai Seeds Co., Ltd, Laizhou 261448, China; 10 Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; 11 Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yongning 750105, China; 12 Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China; 13 Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2011-06-14 Revised:2011-10-12 Published:2012-01-12 Published online:2011-11-07
  • Contact: 赵久然, E-mail: maizezhao@126.com, Tel: 010-51503936

PDF

2767

被引次数

129

摘要： 2006—2010年，全国玉米栽培学组专家在全国不同区域开展了玉米高产潜力探索及小面积超高产创建工作。本文对经过严格测产且产量达到和超过15 000 kg hm-2的159个地块的地理分布、产量构成因素及关键技术分析表明：(1)大多数高产田分布在较高纬度(40°~43°N)、较高海拔(1 000~1 500 m)地区，这些地区具有昼夜温差大、光照充足等利于高产的自然因素，选择这样的区域是实现超高产的重要因素; (2)平均单产16 692 kg hm-2 ，88 950穗 hm-2、每穗541粒，千粒重360.0 g，穗粒重191.8 g; 通径分析表明，穗数和粒数对产量的贡献最大; (3)高产关键技术主要是，采用耐密型高产稳产品种，合理提高密度，充足的水肥供给，科学管理和地膜覆盖等。

关键词: 玉米, 超高产, 产量结构, 栽培技术

Abstract: Maize high-yield potential and small-area super-high yield research in different areas were conducted in 2006–2010. The geographical distribution, yield components and key culture techniques of 159 maize super-high yield plots with yield of ≥15 000 kg ha-1 were analyzed comprehensively. Results showed that: (1) most high-yield plots distributed in higher latitude (40°–43°N) and higher elevation regions (1 000–1 500 m) with abundant sunlight and higher temperature in the daytime and lower temperature in the nighttime which were the primary factors affected super-high yield; (2) the yield structure was 88 950 ears ha-1, 541 kernels per ear, 360.0 g per 1000-kernel, 191.8 g per ear, and the average yield was 16 692 kg ha-1;the ear and kernel numbers among yield components were correlated significantly with yield; (3) the key culture techniques for maize high-yield was selecting high density tolerant maize cultivar combined with reasonable dense planting, abundant water and fertilizer supply, scientific management, and film mulching.

Key words: Maize, High-yield plot, Yield structure, Cultivation technology

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