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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (04): 609-618.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00609

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜安全越冬的临界指标分析

孙万仓1,刘海卿1,刘自刚1,*,武军艳1,李学才1,方彦1,曾秀存2,许耀照2,张亚宏3,董云4   

  1. 1甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省油菜工程与技术研究中心/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室/甘肃省干旱生境作物重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730070；2河西学院农业与生物技术学院，甘肃张掖 734000；3天水农业科学研究所，甘肃天水 741000；4甘肃省农业科学院，甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-07 修回日期:2016-01-11 出版日期:2016-04-12 网络出版日期:2016-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘自刚, E-mail:lzgworking@163.com, Tel: 13919812415
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31260334, 31460356, 31560397),国家现代产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13), 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150206), 国家农业科技成果转化项目(2014G10000317)和甘肃省自然科学基金项目(14RJZG050)资助。

Critical Index Analysisof Safe Over-wintering Rate ofWinter Rapeseed (Brassica rapa) in Cold and Arid Region in North China

SUN Wan-Cang1,**,LIU Hai-Qing1,**,LIU Zi-Gang1,*,WU Jun-Yan1,LI Xue-Cai1,FANG Yan1,ZENG Xiu-Cun2,XU Yao-Zhao2,ZHANG Ya-Hong3,DONG Yun4   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070,China; 2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China; 3Tianshui Institute of Agriculture, Tianshui 741000, China; 4Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2015-09-07 Revised:2016-01-11 Published:2016-04-12 Published online:2016-01-19
  • Contact: 刘自刚, E-mail:lzgworking@163.com, Tel: 13919812415
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported bythe Natural Science Foundation of China(31260334, 31460356, 31560397), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-13),the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150206), the National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Projects (2014G10000317), and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (14RJZG050).

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摘要：

利用2011—2014年北方13个省、市、区48个不同生态点试验的数据，分析不同品种在不同生态点的越冬率、产量变化，越冬率与产量的相关性，旨在研究白菜型冬油菜在北方不同生态区的越冬安全性，确定北方冬油菜通用的安全越冬的越冬率临界值，明确影响北方冬油菜越冬率的主要因子。结果表明，不同白菜型冬油菜品种在北方不同生态地区越冬率差异较大，产量也差异较大，越冬率变幅为10%~99%，强抗寒品种越冬率>70%。回归分析表明，越冬率与产量存在明显的线性正相关，回归方程符合y=ax+b, 当越冬率<70%时，产量随越冬率的增加而增加，当越冬率为70%时单位面积产量基本趋于稳定, 越冬率大于70%时，越冬率对产量的影响不明显。协方差分析表明，与冬油菜越冬率相关性最为密切的因子是品种，其次是极端最低气温、冬季气温、年均气温、≤0℃的冬季负积温、纬度、经度等。因此，70%的越冬率可作为北方地区冬油菜通用安全越冬的越冬率临界值，采用强抗寒品种，极端最低气温–31.79℃、冬季气温–7.20℃、年均气温6.38℃、负积温–997.57℃，纬度低于44.83°，经度高于80.34°是保证冬油菜安全越冬的必要条件。

关键词: 白菜型, 冬油菜, 北方寒旱区, 越冬率, 影响因子, 回归分析

Abstract:

To research the safe over-wintering rate of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa) in different ecological areas in North China, to confirm the critical value of over-wintering rate, and to clarify the main factors affecting over-wintering rate, we collected the data of long term multi-location field experiments at 48 ecological sitesin 13 provinces and cities and areas in 2011–2014 with winter rapeseed varietyLongyou 7, Longyou 6, Longyou 8, Longyou 9, Tianyou 4, Tianyou 2 toanalyzethe over-wintering rate and yield and the correlations between them. The results indicated that there were significant differencesof over-wintering rate in different ecological areas, which ranged from 10% to 99% and the yield also had significant difference in different locations.Theover-wintering ratesof varieties with strong cold resistance were over 70%.Regression analysis showed a significant linearcorrelation between over-wintering rate and yield,with the regression equation ofy=ax+b.The yield increased with the increase of over-wintering rate when the over-wintering rate <70%, and tended to stable when the over-wintering rate was 70%, butdidn’t had significant influence on yield when >70%.In conclusion, variety is one of the key factors affecting the over-wintering rate of winter rapeseed.The critical value of safe over-wintering rate in north Chinais 70%, and the corresponding planting conditionsare the strong cold resistant varieties,the extreme lowest temperature–31.79°C, the temperature of winter–7.20°C,annual average temperature 6.38°C, negative cumulative temperatures in winter–997.57°Cin planting areas, latitudebelow 44.83°and longitude over 80.34°.

Key words: Brassica rapa., Winter rapeseed, Cold and arid region in the north of China, Over-wintering rate, Affecting factor, Regression analysis

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