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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 988-1004.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12020

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

杂交水稻机插制种的亲本穗茎生长与花期特性

秦琴1(), 陶有凤1, 黄帮超1, 李卉1, 高云天1, 钟晓媛1, 周中林1, 朱莉1, 雷小龙1, 冯生强2, 王旭3, 任万军1,*()   

  1. 1四川农业大学农学院 / 西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室 / 四川省作物生理生态及栽培重点实验室, 四川温江 611130
    2成都市农业技术推广总站, 四川成都 610041
    3四川省农业科学院农产品加工研究所, 四川成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-22 接受日期:2021-07-12 出版日期:2022-04-12 网络出版日期:2021-08-05
  • 通讯作者: 任万军
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1290212002@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省产业体系水稻创新团队项目(sccxtd-2021-01);四川省育种攻关项目资助(2021YFYZ0005)

Characteristics of panicle stem growth and flowering period of the parents of hybrid rice in machine-transplanted seed production

QIN Qin1(), TAO You-Feng1, HUANG Bang-Chao1, LI Hui1, GAO Yun-Tian1, ZHONG Xiao-Yuan1, ZHOU Zhong-Lin1, ZHU Li1, LEI Xiao-Long1, FENG Sheng-Qiang2, WANG Xu3, REN Wan-Jun1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Chengdu Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
    3Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2021-03-22 Accepted:2021-07-12 Published:2022-04-12 Published online:2021-08-05
  • Contact: REN Wan-Jun
  • Supported by:
    Rice Innovation Team Project of Sichuan Industrial System(sccxtd-2021-01);Sichuan Breeding Breakthrough Project(2021YFYZ0005)

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摘要：

为明确机插栽培模式下恢复系和不育系穗茎生长与花期特性, 探究机械化栽培下杂交水稻制种亲本花期相遇困难的原因, 选用成恢727×蜀21A、雅恢2115×宜香1A两组合为材料, 于2019—2020年进行大田试验, 设置2种栽插方式及秧龄, 进行恢复系和不育系叶龄动态、穗茎生长和抽穗动态调查, 统计分析不同处理对不育系和恢复系穗、茎、叶生长发育及花遇状态的影响。结果表明, (1) 机插亲本总叶片数发生改变, 恢复系减少0.3~0.8叶, 不育系增加0.1~0.4叶, 同时秧龄缩短恢复系总叶数减少, 不育系总叶数无显著变化。(2) 机插恢复系穗、茎、叶生长发育进程较手栽延迟2~5 d, 不育系延迟5~10 d; 恢复系拔节后开始幼穗分化而不育系进入幼穗分化后5~10 d开始拔节, 机插恢复系与不育系穗分化持续时间无显著变化, 各处理亲本幼穗生长曲线均拟合Logistic曲线较好(R2>0.99)。(3) 机插较手栽亲本播始历期延长, 秧龄延长存在相同效应, 不育系较恢复系对栽插方式及秧龄的响应更显著。(4) 各组合手栽长秧龄的花遇指数为100%, 花遇良好; 机插长秧龄和手栽短秧龄条件下花遇指数介于40%~60%之间, 花遇状态次之; 机插短秧龄成恢727×蜀21A组合与雅恢2115×宜香1A组合花遇指数分别为0和18.18%, 花期严重不遇。综合来看, 机插模式下亲本穗、茎、叶生长发育滞后, 秧龄增大加剧了亲本生长发育的延迟。不同栽插方式和秧龄下恢复系和不育系生长发育和花期特性存在差异, 恢复系和不育系对栽培措施的响应差异是亲本花期不遇的主要原因。

关键词: 杂交稻, 机械化制种, 亲本, 穗茎生长, 播始历期, 花期

Abstract:

To study the characteristics of panicle and stem growth and flowering period of restorer line and sterile line under mechanized transplanting mode, and to analyze the reasons for the difficulty of parental flowering period meeting under mechanized transplanting mode Chenghui 727×Shu 21A and Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A were selected as the materials, and the field experiment was carried out from 2019 to 2020 in this study. Two transplanting methods and seedling ages were determined. Leaf age dynamics, panicle stem growth dynamics, and heading dynamics of restorer line and sterile line were investigated, and the effects of different treatments on the growth and development of panicle, stem and leaf, and flower state of the restorer line and sterile line were statistically analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The total number of leaves in mechanical transplanting parents decreased by 0.3-0.8 leaves in restorer lines while the sterile line added 0.1-0.4 leaves. Meanwhile, the total number of leaves in restorer lines decreased with the decrease of seedling age, while there was no significant change in the total number of leaves of male sterile lines. (2) The growth process of panicles, stems and leaves of restorer lines in mechanical transplanting was delayed by 2-5 days, while that of sterile lines was delayed by 5-10 days. The panicle differentiation of restorer lines began after jointing, while the panicle differentiation of sterile lines began 5-10 days after jointing. The panicle differentiation duration of restorer lines and sterile lines did not change significantly. The young ear growth curves of all treated parents were well fitted with Logistic curves (R2>0.99). (3) The duration from seeding to heading of machine transplanting parents was longer than that of artificial transplanting parents. The effect of lengthening seedling age was the same as the change of transplanting method and the response of sterile lines to transplanting method and seedling age was more significant than that of restorer lines. (4) The flower encounter index of long seedling age under artificial transplanting in each combination was 100%, and the flower encounter was the best. Flowering encountering index was between 40%-60% of long seedling age under mechanical transplanting and short seedling age under artificial transplanting, followed by flowering status. However, the flowering index of the short seedling age combination of Chenghui 727 × Shu 21A and Yahui 2115 × Yixiang 1A was 0 and 18.18% under mechanical transplanting, respectively, indicating that the absent of flowering date seriously. In conclusion, the growth and development of ear, stem, and leaf of parents were delayed under mechanized transplanting mode, and the prolonged seedling age aggravated the growth and development lag phenomenon of parents. There were some differences in the growth, development, and flowering characteristics between restorer lines and sterile lines under different transplanting methods and seedling ages. The difference in the response of restorer lines and sterile lines to cultivation measures was the main reason for the absence of flowering dates of parents.

Key words: hybrid rice, mechanized seed production, seed parents, ear and stem growth, the duration from seeding to heading, flowering.

表1

供试品种特性"

品种
Variety		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 主茎叶数
Leaf number of main stems		 穗长
Ear length (cm)		 播始历期
DSH (d)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
成恢727 Chenghui 727 110.0 16-17 25.8 110.0 29.5
雅恢2115 Yahui 2115 114.0 15-16 26.0 115.0 29.3
辐恢838 Fuhui 838 110.0 15-16 24.0 110.0 32.0
蜀21A Shu 21A 90.0 14-15 23.0 85.0 27.0
宜香1A Yixiang 1A 85.8 14-15 24.4 90.5 30.5
II-32A 83.8 14-15 23.8 93.7 24.4

图1

2019-2020制种亲本生育期内日平均气温和降水量"

表2

2019-2020亲本播栽时间及栽插规格"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 播种时间Sowing date (month/day) 移栽Transplanting date (month/day) 行距
Row space
(cm)		 穴距
Colum
space (cm)		 穴苗数
Seedling number
per hill
长秧龄
Long seedling age		 长秧龄II期
Long seedling
age II		 短秧龄播期
Short seedling age		 短秧龄II期
Short seedling age II
2019 成恢727
Chenghui 727		 3/21 3/31 4/20 30 20 4
蜀21A
Shu 21A		 4/30 5/20 30 12 5
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115		 3/21 3/31 4/20 30 20 4
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A		 4/25 5/15 30 12 5
辐恢838
Fuhui 838		 4/6 4/16 5/6 30 20 4
II-32A 4/16 5/6 30 12 5
2020 成恢727
Chenghui 727		 3/21 3/28 3/31 4/7 4/30 30 20 4
蜀21A
Shu 21A		 4/28 5/8 5/28 30 12 5
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115		 3/26 4/2 4/5 4/12 5/5 30 20 4
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A		 4/21 5/1 5/21 30 12 5

图2

不同处理下亲本叶龄动态 ATL: 手栽长秧龄; MTL: 机插长秧龄; ATS: 手栽短秧龄; MTS: 机插短秧龄。"

表3

不同处理下亲本的总叶数"

处理
Treatment		 成恢727 I期
Chenghui 727 I		 成恢727 II期
Chenghui 727 II		 蜀21A
Shu 21A		 雅恢2115 I期
Yahui 2115 I		 雅恢2115 II期
Yahui 2115 II		 宜香1A
Yixiang 1A
ATL 17.13 a 16.71 a 12.03 bc 16.41 a 15.97 a 13.93 ab
MTL 16.79 b 15.95 b 12.22 b 15.60 c 15.05 c 14.07 a
ATS 16.08 c 15.74 b 11.93 c 15.76 b 15.76 b 13.91 b
MTS 15.77 d 15.43 c 12.37 a 14.94 d 14.52 d 14.03 a
F值
F-value		 栽插方式PM 28.38** 44.28** 25.87** 333.54** 911.13** 178.13**
秧龄SA 289.89** 85.10** 1.07 219.63** 112.05** 2.17
栽插方式×秧龄
PM×SA		 0.05 8.07* 6.00* 0.02 17.69** 6.73*

图3

不同处理下亲本茎秆生长动态 处理和缩写同图2。"

图4

成恢727×蜀21A组合不同处理下亲本穗分化初期幼穗差异图 处理同图2。M: 恢复系; F: 不育系。"

图5

2019年不同移栽方式及秧龄下亲本穗部生长拟合曲线 APL: 人工移栽长秧龄; MPL: 机械移栽长秧龄; APS: 人工移栽短秧龄; MPS: 机械移栽短秧龄。"

图6

2020不同栽插方式及秧龄处理下亲本穗部生长拟合曲线 处理同图2。"

表4

不同处理幼穗生长Logistic曲线模型拟合结果及特征值"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 曲线参数值Curve parameter value R2 曲线特征值Curve eigenvalue
k a b T0 T1 T2
2019 雅恢2115
Yahui 2115		 APL 26.29 2.20×1020 0.59 0.9982 77.53 79.77 82.01
MPL 24.63 1.37×1021 0.61 0.9984 77.86 80.02 82.19
APS 25.77 5.36×1015 0.45 0.9994 77.48 80.41 83.33
MPS 26.75 5.90×1015 0.44 0.9996 79.00 81.97 84.94
辐恢838
Fuhui 838		 APL 26.97 2.29×1021 0.68 0.9998 70.30 72.23 74.17
MPL 26.83 1.62×1019 0.61 0.9999 70.31 72.47 74.63
APS 25.62 2.12×1018 0.57 0.9999 71.41 73.71 76.01
MPS 26.52 1.19×1017 0.53 0.9999 71.54 74.02 76.50
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A		 ATS 30.71 2.72×1013 0.50 0.9995 59.00 61.63 64.25
MTS 33.17 5.77×1012 0.47 0.9995 60.12 62.94 65.77
II-32A ATS 23.07 5.01×1016 0.59 0.9952 62.51 64.72 66.94
MTS 23.48 4.71×1016 0.60 0.9946 61.81 64.00 66.20
2020 成恢727
Chenghui 727		 ATL 27.70 4.36×1012 0.44 0.9999 63.13 66.12 69.11
MTL 26.30 8.52×1012 0.44 0.9999 65.16 68.17 71.19
ATS 27.94 1.25×1013 0.45 0.9999 64.71 67.67 70.63
MTS 26.29 1.68×1013 0.44 0.9999 65.48 68.44 71.40
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115		 ATL 27.30 1.23×1016 0.56 0.9967 63.92 66.27 68.63
MTL 24.92 1.30×1014 0.46 0.9998 68.23 71.11 73.99
ATS 26.77 3.63×1012 0.42 0.9983 65.31 68.43 71.54
MTS 26.13 2.26×1015 0.49 0.9997 68.79 71.45 74.12
蜀21A
Shu 21A		 ATL 28.19 2.86×108 0.51 0.9998 35.47 38.04 40.61
MTL 26.05 5.91×1016 0.85 0.9995 44.02 45.57 47.13
ATS 27.32 1.33×109 0.46 0.9938 42.48 45.32 48.16
MTS 25.31 3.37×1012 0.59 0.9998 46.76 48.99 51.23
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A		 ATL 28.03 1.29×1011 0.54 0.9994 44.69 47.11 49.54
MTL 28.00 3.41×1010 0.44 0.9982 52.70 55.72 58.75
ATS 28.54 4.26×109 0.43 0.9997 48.91 52.00 55.08
MTS 29.94 6.56×109 0.38 0.9997 55.35 58.78 62.20

表5

不同栽插方式及秧龄处理下不育系和恢复系的始穗特性"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种日期
Sowing date (month/day)		 移栽日期
Transplanting date (month/day)		 始穗日期
Initial heading date (month/day)		 播始历期
DSH
(d)		 栽始历期
DTH
(d)
2019 成恢727
Chenghui 727		 APL 3/21 4/20 7/22 123 93
MPL 3/21 4/20 7/22 123 93
蜀21A
Shu 21A		 APS 4/30 5/23 8/6 97 74
MPS 4/30 5/23 8/6 97 74
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115		 APL 3/21 4/20 7/24 124 94
MPL 3/21 4/20 7/24 125 95
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A		 APS 4/25 5/15 7/28 94 74
MPS 4/25 5/15 7/29 95 75
2020 成恢727
Chenghui 727		 ATL 3/21 5/1 7/17 118 78
MTL 3/21 5/1 7/21 122 82
ATS 3/31 5/1 7/20 111 81
MTS 3/31 5/1 7/22 113 83
蜀21A
Shu 21A		 ATL 4/28 5/28 7/19 82 52
MTL 4/28 5/28 7/27 90 60
ATS 5/8 5/28 7/25 78 58
MTS 5/8 5/28 8/3 87 67
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115		 ATL 3/26 5/5 7/21 117 77
MTL 3/26 5/5 7/25 121 81
ATS 4/5 5/5 7/24 110 80
MTS 4/5 5/5 7/26 112 82
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A		 ATL 4/21 5/21 7/20 90 60
MTL 4/21 5/21 7/28 98 68
ATS 5/1 5/21 7/25 86 66
MTS 5/1 5/21 8/1 92 72

表6

不同栽插方式及秧龄处理下不育系和恢复系的抽穗特性"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种至盛穗历期
Duration from sowing to
full heading		 播种至完穗历期
Duration from sowing to
end heading		 盛穗历期
Duration of full
heading		 抽穗历期
Duration of
heading
成恢727
Chenghui 727		 ATL 123 126 5 9
MTL 128 131 6 9
ATS 117 121 6 10
MTS 119 120 6 9
雅恢2115
Yahui 2115		 ATL 121 122 4 5
MTL 126 127 4 5
ATS 114 116 4 6
MTS 117 118 4 5
蜀21A
Shu 21A		 ATL 88 89 6 7
MTL 94 96 4 7
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种至盛穗历期
Duration from sowing to
full heading		 播种至完穗历期
Duration from sowing to
end heading		 盛穗历期
Duration of full
heading		 抽穗历期
Duration of
heading
蜀21A
Shu 21A		 ATS 84 86 5 8
MTS 90 92 3 5
宜香1A
Yixiang 1A		 ATL 94 96 3 5
MTL 102 103 4 5
ATS 90 91 5 6
MTS 94 95 3 4

图7

成恢727×蜀21A组合花遇状态图 处理同图2。M: 恢复系; F: 不育系; FM: 花期相遇。"

图8

雅恢2115×宜香1A组合花遇状态图 处理同图2。M: 恢复系; F: 不育系; FM: 花期相遇。"

图9

各亲本主茎穗后逐日开花量 处理同图2。"

表7

不同栽插方式及秧龄对制种产量及产量构成因素"

组合
Combination		 处理
Treatment		 单穴有效穗
Effective panicles per hole		 单穗颖花数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Grain filling rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 实际产量
Actual yield
(kg hm-2)
成恢727×蜀21A
Chenghui 727×Shu 21A		 ATL 9.83 c 177.48 a 44.84 a 26.61 a 1510.62 a
MTL 10.78 a 146.24 c 30.12 b 22.23 b 804.25 c
ATS 10.00 b 156.19 bc 33.75 b 22.98 b 999.99 b
MTS 10.00 b 167.74 ab — — —
F值
F-value		 栽插方式PM 3.96 4.37 57.80** 84.46** 142.39**
秧龄SA 1.66 0.25 32.80** 58.01** 74.87**
栽插方式×秧龄
PM×SA		 3.96 20.60** — — —
雅恢2115×宜香1A
Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A		 ATL 10.17 bc 138.29 a 25.42 a 28.53 a 1129.51 a
MTL 10.89 b 113.03 b 18.08 b 26.66 b 797.16 b
ATS 9.78 c 136.93 a 16.71 b 25.59 b 853.43 b
MTS 12.58 a 112.34 b 10.79 c 23.23 c 441.98 c
F值
F-value		 栽插方式PM 45.08** 76.09** 21.90** 37.41** 202.15**
秧龄SA 6.15* 0.13 31.89** 85.18** 145.21**
栽插方式×秧龄
PM×SA		 15.70** 0.01 0.25 0.50 2.54

图10

不同机械化制种方案下亲本花遇状态图 ATLM: 手栽长秧龄恢复系; MTSF: 机插短秧龄不育系; MTSM: 机插短秧龄恢复系; M: 恢复系; F: 不育系; FM: 花期相遇。"

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