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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1761-1770.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11046

所属专题： 小麦：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同镉积累类型小麦各器官镉积累分布规律及机理分析

冯亚娟1(), 李廷轩1, 蒲勇2, 张锡洲1,*()   

  1. 1四川农业大学资源学院, 四川成都 611130
    2泸州市农业农村局, 四川泸州 646000
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-28 接受日期:2021-09-09 出版日期:2022-07-12 网络出版日期:2021-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 张锡洲
  • 作者简介:E-mail: fengyajj@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省重大科技专项(2018SZDZX0029);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1802605)

Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and distribution in different organs of wheat with different cadmium-accumulating type

FENG Ya-Juan1(), LI Ting-Xuan1, PU Yong2, ZHANG Xi-Zhou1,*()   

  1. 1College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Luzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2021-04-28 Accepted:2021-09-09 Published:2022-07-12 Published online:2021-10-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Xi-Zhou
  • Supported by:
    Major Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province(2018SZDZX0029);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1802605)

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摘要：

探讨镉(Cd)低积累小麦不同器官Cd积累分配特性, 有助于明晰其籽粒Cd低积累机制, 对培育Cd安全小麦品种具有重要意义。通过盆栽试验, 研究了不同Cd积累类型小麦生育后期不同器官Cd积累分配特征, 并探讨节点I和颖壳滞留Cd的部分生理机制。结果表明, 不同Cd积累类型小麦成熟期不同部位Cd积累分配存在较大差异, 绵麦37节点I和颖壳Cd含量显著高于抗锈3816, 灌浆期到成熟期是绵麦37节点I和颖壳Cd积累的关键时期。Cd处理下, 不同Cd积累类型小麦节点I和颖壳亚细胞Cd分配比例均是细胞壁最大, 占70%~80%。绵麦37节点I可溶部分分配比例为18%, 抗锈3816为15%; 而绵麦37颖壳可溶部分分配比例为19%, 是抗锈3816的2.7倍, 绵麦37节点I和颖壳将更多的Cd分配在可溶部分。灌浆期, 两类小麦节点I谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量无显著差异, Cd处理下绵麦37节点I中植物螯合肽(PC)1和PC2的含量显著低于抗锈3816, PC3和PC4的含量显著高于抗锈3816, 而绵麦37颖壳中GSH、PC1、PC2、PC3、PC4含量均显著高于抗锈3816。节点I和颖壳的细胞可溶部分对Cd的固定作用和非蛋白巯基的大量合成是绵麦37籽粒Cd低积累的关键环节, 进一步探讨小麦关键器官对Cd的滞留机理对明晰小麦籽粒Cd积累机制具有重要意义。

关键词: 镉, 低积累小麦, 亚细胞, 非蛋白巯基, 节点, 颖壳

Abstract:

The study of cadmium accumulation and distribution characteristics in different organs of wheat with low Cd accumulation is helpful to clarify the mechanism of low Cd accumulation in grain, which is of great significance for cultivating wheat varieties with Cd safety. A pot experiment was conducted to clarify the characteristics of Cd accumulation and distribution in different organs of different Cd accumulating wheat materials at the late growth stages. The physiological characteristics of the key organs, namely node I and glume, were further explored. The results showed that there was significant difference of Cd accumulation and distribution between the two wheats at maturity stage. Cd concentrations in node I and glume of Mianmai 37 were significantly higher than those of Kangxiu 3816. The stage of from filling to maturity was the key period for Cd accumulation in node I and glume of the accumulation of Mianmai 37. In subcellular level, Cd in node I and glume of both wheat was mostly distributed in the cell wall, accounting for 70%-80%. The distribution ratio of the soluble fraction of Mianmai 37 node I was 18%, and that of Kangxiu 3816 was 15%. The distribution ratio of the soluble fraction of Mianmai 37 glume was 19%, which was 2.7 times that of Kangxiu 3816. More Cd was found to distribute in soluble faction in node I and glume of Mianmai 37 compared with Kangxiu 3816. There was no significant difference of GSH concentration in node I of the two wheats at filling stage. The PC1 and PC2 concentrations in node I of Mianmai 37 were significantly lower than those of Kangxiu 3816, while the PC3 and PC4 concentrations were significantly higher. The concentrations of GSH, PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 in the glume of Mianmai 37 were significantly higher than those of Kangxiu 3816. Cd retention in node I and the soluble fraction of glumes, as well as the great increase of NPT concentrations, contributed to low Cd accumulation in Mianmai 37. The present study investigates the mechanism of Cd retention in the key organs of wheat, which is of great significance to clarify the mechanism of Cd accumulation in wheat grains.

Key words: cadmium, low accumulation wheat, subcellular, non-protein, node, glume

图1

小麦不同器官示意图"

图2

不同Cd积累类型小麦成熟期不同部位Cd含量 图中数据为平均值±标准差。小图为根、茎、叶、穗和籽粒Cd含量。不同小写字母表示同一材料不同部位差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同“*”符号表示同一部位不同材料间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表1

不同Cd积累类型小麦成熟期不同器官Cd转运系数"

TFA-B 绵麦37 Mianmai 37 抗锈3816 Kangxiu 3816
根-茎 Root-Stem 0.846 ± 0.02* 0.593 ± 0.01
茎-叶 Stem-Leaf 1.287 ± 0.06 1.968 ± 0.02*
叶-穗 Leaf-Ear 1.439 ± 0.02* 0.541 ± 0.03
穗-籽粒 Ear-Grain 0.367 ± 0.01 1.678 ± 0.01*
叶片IV-节点III Leaf IV-Node III 0.435 ±0.024 0.441 ± 0.006
叶片III-节点II Leaf III-Node II 0.705 ± 0.043 0.806 ± 0.046
叶片II-节点I Leaf II-Node I 2.102 ± 0.007* 1.183 ± 0.056
节间IV-节点III Stem IV-Node III 1.172 ± 0.126 1.196 ± 0.031
节间III-节点II Stem III-Node II 1.882 ± 0.055 1.900 ± 0.094
节间II-节点I Stem II-Node I 3.337 ± 0.218* 2.620 ± 0.092
节点III-节间III Node III-Stem III 0.758 ± 0.024 0.669 ± 0.003
节点II-节间II Node II-Stem II 0.543 ± 0.029 0.434 ± 0.015
节点I-节间I Node I-Stem I 0.497 ± 0.052 0.626 ± 0.070
节间IV-叶片IV Stem IV-Leaf IV 2.600 ± 0.327 2.713 ± 0.072
节点III-叶片III Node III-Leaf III 2.151 ± 0.055* 1.582 ± 0.068
节点II-叶片II Node II-Leaf II 0.830 ± 0.043 1.034 ± 0.093*
节点I-叶片I Node I-Leaf I 0.341 ± 0.020 0.799 ± 0.059*
节间I-花梗 Stem I-Pedcial 1.816 ± 0.047 1.814 ± 0.102
叶片I-花梗 Leaf I-Pedcial 3.241 ± 0.103* 1.483 ± 0.089
花梗-颖壳 Pedcial-Glume 0.387 ± 0.026* 0.256 ± 0.015
颖壳-籽粒 Glume-Grain 0.575 ± 0.071 2.368 ± 0.109*

图3

不同Cd积累类型小麦节点I (A)和颖壳(B)不同生育期Cd含量 图中数据为平均值±标准差。不同小写字母表示同一材料不同生育期差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同“*”符号表示同一时期不同材料间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表2

不同Cd积累类型小麦生育后期节点I和颖壳Cd转运系数"

TFA-B 开花期 Flowering stage 灌浆期 Filling stage 成熟期 Maturity stage
绵麦37
Mianmai 37		 抗锈3816
Kangxiu 3816		 绵麦37
Mianmai 37		 抗锈3816
Kangxiu 3816		 绵麦37
Mianmai 37		 抗锈3816
Kangxiu 3816
叶片II-节点I Leaf II-Node I 2.673 ± 0.250 b 2.100 ± 0.084 a 3.466 ± 0.116 a 2.994 ± 0.335 a 2.102 ± 0.007 c* 1.183 ± 0.056 b
节间II-节点I Stem II-Node I 1.657 ± 0.055 c 1.750 ± 0.039 b 4.558 ± 0.180 a 10.707± 0.197 a* 3.337 ± 0.218 b* 2.620 ± 0.092 b
节点I-节间I Node I-Stem I 0.406 ± 0.011 b 0.565 ± 0.044 a* 0.234 ± 0.006 c* 0.174 ± 0.010 b 0.497 ± 0.052 a 0.626 ± 0.070 a
节点I-叶片I Node I-Leaf I 0.185 ± 0.007 b 0.345 ± 0.018 b* 0.173 ± 0.005 b 0.208 ± 0.027 c 0.341 ± 0.020 a 0.799 ± 0.059 a*
花梗-颖壳 Pedcial-Glume 0.631 ± 0.006 a 0.682 ± 0.024 a 0.458 ± 0.033 b* 0.392 ± 0.009 b 0.387 ± 0.026 b* 0.256 ± 0.015 c
颖壳-籽粒 Glume-Grain — — 0.643 ± 0.023 a 2.293 ± 0.149 a* 0.575 ± 0.071 a 2.368 ± 0.109 a*

图4

不同Cd积累类型小麦各部位亚细胞组分Cd所占百分比例"

图5

不同Cd积累类型小麦灌浆期节点I (A)和颖壳(B)非蛋白巯基含量 图中数据为平均值±标准差。不同小写字母表示相同材料不同Cd水平间差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同“*”符号表示同一Cd水平下不同材料间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

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