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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 585-596.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22035

• 综述 •    下一篇

水稻大穗形成及其调控的研究进展

刘立军(), 周沈琪, 刘昆, 张伟杨, 杨建昌   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室 / 农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室, 江苏扬州225009
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-07 接受日期:2022-09-05 出版日期:2023-03-12 网络出版日期:2022-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘立军
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32071947);国家自然科学基金项目(31871557)

Research progress on the formation of large panicles in rice and its regulation

LIU Li-Jun(), ZHOU Shen-Qi, LIU Kun, ZHANG Wei-Yang, YANG Jian-Chang   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-06-07 Accepted:2022-09-05 Published:2023-03-12 Published online:2022-09-23
  • Contact: LIU Li-Jun
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071947);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871557)

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摘要：

水稻每穗粒数是构成产量的关键因素, 现代高产水稻品种多表现为穗大粒多。增加每穗粒数、促进大穗形成是提高水稻产量的重要途径。本文概述了水稻每穗粒数形成与幼穗发育的关系, 并结合作者相关研究, 从水稻穗型的遗传调控、营养状况与氮肥管理、水分、温光条件和内源激素等方面分析了其对每穗粒数形成的影响。从根系形态生理与幼穗发育、水肥管理和温光条件以及植物激素间的相互作用调节颖花分化与退化的生理和分子机制等方面提出了未来加强水稻大穗形成研究的重点, 以期为大穗高产水稻品种选育和栽培调控提供依据。

关键词: 水稻, 大穗, 颖花分化与退化, 水肥管理, 激素

Abstract:

The spikelet number per panicle is a key factor that constitutes the grain yield in rice. Modern high-yielding rice varieties mostly show high spikelet number per panicle. Increasing the spikelet number per panicle and promoting the formation of large panicles are important ways to improve rice yield. This paper reviewed the relationship between the formation of spikelet number per panicle and young panicle development in rice. Combined with the author’s related research, the mechanisms underlying genetic regulation in rice panicle size, the effects of nutritional status and nitrogen fertilizer management, water, temperature, light, and endogenous hormones on the formation of spikelet number per panicle in rice were reviewed. We put forward the future research focus on strengthening the formation of large panicles in rice from the aspects of root morphophysiology and young panicle development, water and nitrogen management, temperature and light conditions, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of interaction between plant hormones regulating spikelet degeneration. The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for the selection and cultivation of high-yielding rice varieties with large panicles.

Key words: rice, large panicle, spikelet differentiation and degeneration, water and nutrient management, hormone

图1

穗肥施氮量对不同穗型超级稻品种一、二次枝梗颖花分化和退化的影响 Nanjing 9108、Yangliangyou 6和Yongyou 1540分别代表小穗型(每穗粒数130粒左右)、中穗型(每穗粒数220粒左右)和大穗型(每穗粒数300粒左右)品种南粳9108、扬两优6号和甬优1540。0N、54N、108N、162N和216N分别代表穗肥施氮量为0、54、108、162和216 kg hm-2。DiN、SN、DeN和DR分别代表分化数、退化数、现存数和退化率。该图根据参考文献[40]改制。"

表1

穗分化期水分处理对不同穗型水稻品种颖花分化和退化的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 每穗一次枝梗颖花 Primary spikelets per panicle 每穗二次枝梗颖花 Secondary spikelets per panicle
分化数
DiN		 退化数
DeN		 现存数
SN		 退化率
DR		 分化数
DiN		 退化数
DeN		 现存数
SN		 退化率
DR
淮稻5号 CF 75.2 a 1.14 a 74.1 a 1.52 a 122.6 b 28.5 a 94.1 b 23.2 a
Huaidao 5 AWMD 76.5 a 1.18 a 75.3 a 1.54 a 146.2 a 24.4 b 121.8 a 16.7 b
甬优2640 CF 83.6 a 1.06 a 82.5 a 1.27 a 294.5 b 57.4 a 237.1 b 19.5 a
Yongyou 2640 AWMD 84.3 a 1.09 a 83.2 a 1.29 a 313.9 a 53.7 b 260.2 a 17.1 b

图2

水稻幼穗发育过程中颖花分化数和退化率与24-表油菜甾酮(24-epiCS)和28-高油菜素内酯(28-homoBL)含量的关系 YD-6: 扬稻6号; YY-2640: 甬优2640; SPD: 颖花原基分化期; PMC: 花粉母细胞减数分裂期。该图根据参考文献[82]改制。**P < 0.01。"

图3

水稻幼穗发育过程中油菜素甾醇(BRs)作用的描述模型 黑色箭头“→”表示增强, 红色箭头“→”表示抑制。IM activity: 分生组织活性; H2O2: 过氧化氢; O2: 氧气; H2O: 水; AsA: 抗坏血酸; GSH: 谷胱甘肽; GSSH: 氧化型谷胱甘肽; D-mannose-1-P: 甘露糖-1-磷酸; GDP-D-mannose: 二磷酸鸟苷-二核苷酸-甘露糖; AO: 抗坏血酸氧化酶; APX: 抗坏血酸过氧化物酶; DHAR: 脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶; MDHAR: 单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶; NADP: 氧化型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸; NADPH: 还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸; MDHA: 单脱氢抗坏血酸; DHA: 脱氢抗坏血酸; DKG: 2,3-二酮-L-古洛糖酸。该图根据参考文献[81]改制。"

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