作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1251-1267.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55057
李坤1(
), 籍亚腾1, 田银帅2, 胡民航1, 刘亮1, 李菲1, 李国强1, 郝立华1,*(
), 郑云普1,*(
)
Li Kun1(
), Ji Ya-Teng1, Tian Yin-Shuai2, Hu Min-Hang1, Liu Liang1, Li Fei1, Li Guo-Qiang1, Hao Li-Hua1,*(
), Zheng Yun-Pu1,*(
)
摘要:
为深入理解未来大气CO2浓度升高背景下农田生态系统对NaCl胁迫的响应机制, 利用可精准控制CO2浓度的环境生长箱, 探讨了NaCl胁迫条件下CO2浓度升高对大豆气孔形态及其分布、叶片气体交换参数以及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明, 在环境正常CO2浓度条件下, NaCl胁迫降低近轴面的气孔密度、气孔长度、气孔宽度、气孔周长及气孔面积, 而CO2浓度升高增加了气孔密度, 并且导致气孔分布更规则, 从而降低了NaCl对叶片气体交换效率的影响。另外, NaCl胁迫导致净光合速率(Pn)降低, 而CO2浓度升高导致NaCl胁迫(S0、S50、S100和S150)条件下叶片水分利用效率相比环境CO2浓度分别提高188%、243%、97%和85%, 表明CO2浓度升高可以有效缓解NaCl对大豆造成的生理胁迫。另外, CO2浓度升高提高了NaCl胁迫下过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性以及脯氨酸含量, 且同时降低了重度NaCl胁迫下的丙二醛含量。此外, NaCl胁迫条件下, CO2浓度升高使得GmCLC-d1、GmCLC-d2和GmNHX1的表达量降低, GmNcl1的表达量提高。本研究结果表明, 大气CO2浓度升高可以通过优化气孔形态及分布、增强光化学与生化过程、提升抗氧化防御能力以及调控耐盐基因表达来缓解NaCl胁迫对大豆造成的生理伤害。本研究结果将为深入理解未来气候变化背景下大豆对大气CO2浓度升高和NaCl胁迫的生理及分子响应机制提供理论依据。
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