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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1774-1787.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54095

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

转录组-代谢组联合分析蓖麻蜡质合成相关基因

王亚(), 赵宜婷, 王宙, 杨俊芳, 张宏斌, 曹越*()   

  1. 山西农业大学经济作物研究所, 山西太原 030031
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 接受日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-06-12 网络出版日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: * 曹越, E-mail: caoyue1001@163.com
  • 作者简介:王亚, E-mail: 405707480@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西农业大学科技创新提升工程项目(CXGC2023070);山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC050);山西省现代农业油料产业技术体系项目(2024CYJSTX05-10)

Integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis of wax biosynthesis in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)

Wang Ya(), Zhao Yi-Ting, Wang Zhou, Yang Jun-Fang, Zhang Hong-Bin, Cao Yue*()   

  1. Industrial Crop Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Accepted:2026-02-27 Published:2026-06-12 Published online:2026-03-06
  • Contact: * Cao Yue, E-mail: caoyue1001@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Innovation Enhancement Project of Shanxi Agricultural University(CXGC2023070);Shanxi Agricultural University’s Biotechnology and Breeding Engineering(YZGC050);Modern Agricultural Oilseed Industry Technology System of Shanxi Province(2024CYJSTX05-10)

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摘要：

为探究蓖麻蜡质缺失突变体的分子调控机制及其相关代谢途径, 筛选与蜡质合成密切相关的关键基因和代谢物。本研究以蜡质缺失突变体SH8和野生型SHA1为试验材料, 进行转录组学和代谢组学分析。转录组分析显示, SH8与SHA1之间有610个差异表达基因, 其中, 303个基因表达上调, 307个基因表达下调。通过对差异表达基因的功能注释与通路富集分析, 筛选出12个与蜡质合成有关的差异表达基因, 涉及脂肪酸降解、脂肪酸延伸、角质、木栓和蜡质生物合成以及不饱和脂肪酸生物合成通路。进一步结合差异基因与差异代谢物之间的相关性分析, 筛选出CER1、KCS10、LACS1、CYP86A8和FAR3-like等与蜡质合成和代谢相关的关键基因。本研究结果为揭示蓖麻表皮蜡质合成的分子调控机制提供了理论依据, 也为后续蜡质合成关键基因的克隆及抗逆性蓖麻新品种的培育奠定了基础。

关键词: 蓖麻, 蜡质, 转录组学, 代谢组学, 联合分析

Abstract:

This study investigated the molecular regulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways underlying wax biosynthesis in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), with a focus on wax-deficient mutants. We performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the wax-deficient mutant SH8 and its wild type SHA1. Transcriptome profiling identified 610 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SH8 and SHA1, including 303 upregulated and 307 downregulated genes. Functional annotation and KEGG enrichment of these DEGs highlighted 12 genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and transport related to wax formation, spanning pathways such as fatty acid degradation, fatty acid elongation, cutin/suberine/wax biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, correlation analysis between DEGs and differential metabolites identified several key genes involved in wax synthesis and metabolism, including CER1, KCS10, LACS1, CYP86A8, and FAR3-like. These results provide a basis for elucidating wax biosynthesis in the castor bean epidermis and support the identification and cloning of key wax-related genes, facilitating the development of castor bean varieties with improved stress tolerance.

Key words: castor bean, wax synthesis, transcriptomics, metabolomics, integrated analysis

图1

突变体SH8与野生型SHA1的表型比较"

表1

RT-qPCR引物"

基因ID
Gene ID		 正向引物
Forward primer (5'-3')		 反向引物
Reverse primer (5'-3')
LOC8271890 TGGCACTTGATCTCAACACAATGG GGTCTCCTGTAGTAATCCTCCCTTC
LOC8285787 TGTCCAAGCCAAGAACGATTTACC AGAATCCTCATCTGAAACTCAACACTC
LOC8281236 CGTGGTCGTTGCTATGCCTATG CTGATACTTCTCCTCCGCTCATTAG
LOC8267304 CACTCACTCACTCACTCACTCAACC TCCCTTCCCTCTTCAACCTCAAC
LOC8259099 AAGTGAAGGATATGGAATGACTGAGAC TTCGCAGGCTGGATTAGGAGAG
LOC8268424 GTGCGGAGGACTGTCTGTAGG ATTCGGGTTCGTTCGTGTTTGG
RcEF1β GCTCGAGGAAGCAGTTAGGA TTCCATATCCAACTGGCACA

图2

SHA1和SH8叶片下表皮晶体结构及角质层 A和B为扫描电镜观察到的叶片蜡质晶体, 标尺为5 μm。C和D为透射电镜观察到的叶片角质层, 标尺为5 μm, 红色箭头所示为角质层。E和F分别为角质层厚度和细胞壁厚度; 数据是3次生物学重复样本的平均值和标准差; 通过方差分析进行统计学检验, *和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上的差异显著性。"

表2

转录组测序数据质量分析"

样本
Sample		 Reads总数
Read number		 碱基总数
Base number		 Q20 (%) Q30 (%) GC含量
GC content (%)
SH8-1 48,457,322 7.201,482,980 97.945 93.625 44.000
SH8-2 48,963,314 7.269,194,263 97.925 93.670 43.480
SH8-3 45,879,214 6.805,588,145 97.940 93.690 43.015
SHA1-1 40,807,270 6.047,891,956 97.060 90.940 44.065
SHA1-2 46,656,250 6.925,658,078 97.450 92.080 43.760
SHA1-3 49,425,234 7.332,048,647 97.875 93.305 43.965

图3

差异表达基因火山图"

图4

GO功能富集分析"

图5

前20个差异表达基因KEGG富集途径 红色方框标注的是与蜡质合成相关的KEGG代谢通路。"

表3

与蜡质合成途径相关基因"

基因ID
Gene ID		 拟南芥同源基因ID
Arabidopsis homologous gene ID		 基因名称
Gene name		 基因类别
Gene category		 KEGG通路
KEGG pathway
LOC8261894 AT2G45970 CYP86A8 细胞色素P450 86A8
Cytochrome P450 86A8		 rcu00073
LOC8271890 AT4G33790 FAR3 脂肪酰辅酶A还原酶3
Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 3-like		 rcu00073
LOC8266676 AT1G02205 CER1 超长链醛脱羰酶CER1
Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase CER1		 rcu00073
LOC8285443 AT1G67730 KCR1 超长链3-羟基脂肪酰辅酶A还原酶Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase rcu00062/rcu01040
LOC8285444 AT1G67730 KCR1 超长链3-羟基脂肪酰辅酶A还原酶Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase rcu00062/rcu01040
LOC8267304 AT2G47240 LACS1 长链酰基辅酶A合成酶
Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase		 rcu00061/rcu00071
LOC8259099 AT3G05970 LACS6 长链酰基辅酶A合成酶
Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase		 rcu00061/rcu00071
LOC8283500 AT2G26640 KCS11 3-酮酰辅酶A合成酶
3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase		 rcu00062
LOC8280192 AT2G26640 KCS11 3-酮酰辅酶A合成酶
3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase		 rcu00062
LOC8258614 AT2G26250 KCS10 3-酮酰辅酶A合成酶
3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase		 rcu00062
LOC8285787 AT1G68530 KCS6 3-酮酰辅酶A合成酶
3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase		 rcu00062
LOC8266007 AT1G68530 KCS6 3-酮酰辅酶A合成酶
3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase		 rcu00062

图6

SH8与SHA1差异代谢物火山图"

图7

SH8和SHA1差异代谢物的KEGG分析"

图8

差异代谢物与差异基因在KEGG通路中的联合富集分析气泡图 红色方框标注的是蜡质合成相关的通路。"

图9

差异代谢物与差异基因之间的关系 上调基因和代谢物以红色字体表示, 下调基因和代谢物以蓝色字体表示。"

图10

蜡质合成相关基因的RT-qPCR分析 以SHA1叶片的表达量为对照。"

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